选修8
Unit 1
A land of diversity
能力演练
一、语法填空
阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。
Boys and girls:
Welcome to our village.Id like to tell you
1
we fought against the flood last year.Last summer there was too
2
rain and a serious flood hit our village,flooding the fields and roads,
3
away many of our houses
4
even
bringing danger to the peoples safety.
5
the help of the PLA,we would not have beenableto overcome the difficulties,win the battle
6
the terrible flood,and get
7
fairly good harvest last autumn.What moved us most is
8
the village head,Zhang Deming,let the flood flow into his fishpond,preventing
9
from going into the village.
We all thought
10
(high)of his devoted spirit in the interests of the whole village.We should learn from him.
二、完形填空
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从1~15各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。
My daughter had signed an organ donor card(器官捐献卡), but my husband and I did not know it. We learned about our daughters decision after she was
1
injured
in a car crash. Doctors
2
on her for 20 hours and couldnt save her life. Finally, the doctor
3
told us our daughter was brain dead, and asked if we wanted to go on with the organ donation.
I was already in shock. The
4
of donating my daughters organs was another shock and I was
5
about my 15yearold twin grandsons. They had just lost their mother and we had lost our daughter. The doctor
6
the organ harvesting procedure, but I did not want to hear it.
We
7
to the organ donation and signed the legal papers. The twins said their last goodbye to their mother and the images of their sorrow are
8
in my mind until now. Two days later we received a call from the organ donor organization. Our daughters organs had
9
three lives. Thanks to her generosity, two strangers now see.
Weeks later, we received a certificate from the organ donor organization in
10
of our daughter. The twins received individual certificates and hardly
11
at them. I fully understood their
12
. They did not want any certificates. They wanted their mother back and we wanted our daughter back.
The sadness associated with organ donation is a
13
thing. First, it makes the ending of death all too clear. Second, I find a measure of comfort in the
14
that my daughter was an organ donor. My daughter cared about others and this caring
15
after her death.
Organ donation did not give me a sense of control, but it did give me a sense of giving. Nothing is more caring than signing an organ donor card. 1.A.partly
B.slightly
C.severely
D.hardly
2.A.insisted
B.turned
C.waited
D.operated
3.A.in need
B.in charge
C.in trouble
D.in danger
4.A.knock
B.difficulty
C.response
D.thought
5.A.certain
B.pleased
C.worried
D.excited
6.A.described
B.learned
C.praised
D.regretted
7.A.admitted
B.agreed
C.referred
D.objected
8.A.cloudy
B.unknown
C.dark
D.clear
9.A.created
B.lost
C.saved
D.taken
10.A.danger
B.recognition
C.search
D.case
11.A.laughed
B.pointed
C.wondered
D.glanced
12.A.reaction
B.trick
C.decision
D.suggestion
13.A.possible
B.strange
C.popular
D.different
14.A.promise
B.reason
C.cause
D.fact
15.A.continues
B.finishes
C.decreases
D.begins
三、阅读理解
专题训练（九）
议论文的阅读
◆方法点拨
议论文通常用来讨论一个观点或现象，其内容主要有三部分组成：论点、论据与结论。论点就是作者要论述的观点，是文章的主旨;而论据是用来证明论点的材料，也就是支撑论点的理由和事实。它可以是事例，理论，数据等等，结论则是论证后所得出的总结性观点。
写作方法通常是：提出论点，分析或举例论证，得出结论。
阅读议论文的方法：
读者应该先搞清楚其结构。首先通过寻找短文的主题句来确定文章主题，也就是论点。主题句在文章中的位置通常有三种情况：开头、中间、结尾（含在开头结尾同时出现、首尾呼应的主题句）。因此仔细阅读这类文章或段落的首尾句是关键。在浏览时，一般不需逐句浏览，只需选读文章的首段、尾段，或每段的首句和末句。但注意，有些文章的主题句或者说“文眼”出现在文章的最后，此类文章往往以列举事实开头，通过论证，最后阐述核心观点，或者引用某个人的话印证自己的观点，以此归纳文章的主旨大意。找出文章的主论点后，还需进一步找出每段落的分论点，以免分论点与主论点混淆。
◆活学活用
阅读下列文章，按要求完成读写任务。
It,s natural that children are curious about the worldaroundthem.For example,they want to know how their hearts beat.They want to know why the ocean water tastes salty.
As children grow up,they become curious about different kinds of things.When they are babies,they are interested in the parts of their bodies and in the smiles of the others.Then they become interested in the physical worldaroundthem:the plants,the animals,and the sky.Later they become interested in the things that people have made: wheels bicycles, cars,etc. And when they are adults,their curiosity continues.Sometimes this curiosity leads to a career(生涯)in science.
Scientists spend their lives trying to find out about the world.Those who work with the earth sciences study the earth,the oceans,and the skies.Other scientists who study living things work with the biological science.A third group of scientists study the physical science,e.g.physics and chemistry.
These scientists have already discovered a lot about our world.For example,they tell us why your heart beats fast when you run.They say that when you are quiet,your heart normally beats sixtyfive or seventyfive times a minute.Your heart is a pump that pumps blood to all parts of the body.The blood carries oxygen and nutrition.When you run,your muscles work very hard and use the nutrition that the brain carries to them.The muscles need oxygen,too.So your brain sends a signal to the heart.The signal means that the muscles need more nutrition and oxygen.Then the heart beats fast and sends blood quickly to the muscles.It may beat 90 to 140 times a minute.
Of course,scientists cannot answer all of our questions.If we ask,“Why does the ocean water taste salty”,scientists will say that the salt comes from rocks.When a rock gets very hot or very cold,it cracks.Rain falls into the cracks.The rain then carries the salt into the earth and into the rivers.The rivers carry the salt into the oceans.But when then we ask “What happens to the salt in the ocean？The ocean does not get saltier every year.” Scientists are not sure about the answer to this question.
We know a lot about our world,but there are still many answers that we don,t have and we are curious.
Ⅰ.根据短文，写一篇30词左右的摘要。
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Ⅱ.根据所读短文,选择最佳选项。
1.According to the passage,which of the following statements is true？____________.
A.People are curious in the same way.
B.People in different countries are interested in different things.
C.Men and women are curious about different things.
D.People of different ages are interested in different things.
2.Scientists who work with the biological sciences study_________.
A.the earth,the oceans and the sky
B.man made things
C.plants and animals
D.ocean water
3.When you run,your muscles need ___________.
A.more nutrition and oxygen
B.more signals
C.more salt
D.water
4.People are always curious because___________.
A.they cannot explain many things
B.they know nothing about the world
C.they know little about the world
D.they want to be scientists
5.The passage mainly shows us that ___________.
A.Scientists find out many things because they are curious about everything around them
B.what the people are curious about
C.everyone has curiosity which makes the science develop quickly
D.Sometimes scientists cannot answer all of our questions
参考答案
一、
1.how2.much
3.解析：三个现在分词短语flooding...washing away...bringing并列在一起,表伴随情况或结果。
答案：washing
4.and
5.解析：根据此段意思,可知村民在解放军的帮助下,战胜了洪水。此处用介词without表示含蓄的虚拟条件。
答案：Without
6.against7.a
8.解析：that引导的表语从句。
答案：that
9.解析：it指代前文的flood。
答案：it
10.解析：think highly of
是固定词组，意为:“对……评价很高”。
答案：highly
二、
1.C
2.D
3.B
4.D
5.C
6.A
7.B
8.D
9.C
10.B
11.D
12.A
13.B
14.D
15.A
三、
Ⅰ.
This passage tells us that everyone,either children or adults are curious about the world around them,which sometimes 〖JP3〗leads to a career in science and thus makes science develop by showing some〖JP〗 examples.
Ⅱ.
1.解析：根据第二段可知。
答案：D
2.解析：根据第三段“Other scientists who study living things work with the biological science.”
答案：C
3.解析：根据第四段“The blood carries oxygen and nutrition.When you run,your muscles work very hard and use the nutrition that the brain carries to them.The muscles need oxygen.The signal means that the muscles need more nutrition and oxygen.”
答案：A
4.解析：推理题，正因为不能解释，才会产生好奇。
答案：A
5.解析：中心概括题。本文通过事例论述人们对事物的好奇推进科学的发展。
答案：C