Unit 1 Great scientists
Ⅰ.重点单词聚焦
1．We were________(击败，打败) 0－1
in the football game，which made us very upset.
答案： defeated
2．Some________(专家) in the field of English teaching have been invited to give us a lecture.
答案： experts
3．Environmental pollution is one of the most serious____________(挑战) we face.
答案： challenges
4．The police________(怀疑) the man in the red jacket was a criminal，but they didn’t have any evidence.
答案： suspected
5．So busy was the mother that she had to ask her neighbor to ________(照顾) her baby for a day.
答案： attend
6．After graduating from college，he became an excellent________(内科医生)．
答案： physician
7．Happiness，instead of medicine，was the________(治愈方法) for her illness.
答案： cure/treatment
8．People all around the world tried to help the________(受害者) of the earthquake in that area.
答案： victims
9．Richardson________(推断出) from his studies that equality between the sexes is still a long way off.
答案： concluded
10．You’d better not be________(暴露) to the sun too long；it may lead to skin diseases.
答案： exposed
Ⅱ.重点短语扫描
1．put
提出
2．
...to 使显露；暴露
3．apart
除……之外；此外
4．make
讲得通；有意义
5．draw a
得出结论
6．link...
... 将……和……联系或连接起来
7．be
with... 对……严格的
8．make
for 为……腾地方
9．be to
应受谴责，应负责任
forward
expose
from
sense
conclusion
to
strict
room
blame
10．be
违背，反对
11．point of
态度，观点，看法
12．slow
减速
13．lead
通向，导致
14．look
调查
against
view
down
to
into
Ⅲ.课文原句突破
1．人们不知道它的病源，也不了解它的治疗方法。
________its cause________its cure was understood.
答案： Neither；nor
2．每次暴发霍乱时，都有大批惊恐的老百姓病死。
So many thousands of terrified people died________ ________
there was an outbreak.
答案： every time
3．为防止这种情况再度发生，约翰·斯诺建议所有水源都要经过检测。
________ ________ this from happening again，John Snow suggested that the source of all the water supplies________ ________.
答案： To prevent；be examined
4．只有当你把太阳放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星的运动才能说得清楚。
________ ________you put the sun there________the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense.
答案： Only if；did
5．他把太阳固定在太阳系的中心位置上，而行星围绕着它转，只有月球仍绕着地球转。
He placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system ________the planets ________round it and only the moon still going round the earth.
答案： with；going
conclusion n．[C，U] 结论；结束
教材原句P1：Draw a conclusion得出结论
①We may conclude from his appearance that he is a heavy smoker.从他的外表我们可以断定他烟抽得很凶。
②We concluded the meeting with an English song.
我们以一首英语歌结束这次会议。
③They came to the conclusion that it was a thief who had stolen their diamond necklace.他们断定是小偷偷走了他们的钻石项链。
④We will have a further discussion before we draw a final conclusion.我们将作进一步的讨论，然后再作出最终结论。
⑤In conclusion，I think there is hope for the future.
总之， 我认为将来还有希望。
1.—Ann seems to be upset.What’s up?
—She________from the voice on the line that her mother is not satisfied with her test scores.
A．includes B．concludes
C．suggests
D．contains
解析： 下句意为：她根据电话中的声音判定母亲对她的考试成绩不满意。
答案： B
defeat (defeated；defeated) vt.打败；战胜；使受挫；n.失败
教材原句P2：JOHN SNOW DEFEATS “KING CHOLERA”
约翰·斯诺战胜“霍乱王”
①The army was welltrained and wellarmed，and had little difficulty defeating the enemy.
这支部队装备齐全又受过良好的训练，打败敌人没有困难。
②Although there were lots of difficulties to overcome，she never let her problems defeat her.
虽然生活中有许多困难，但她从不让困难打败自己。
③Our baseball team has suffered another defeat.
我们的棒球队再次失败。
辨析：defeat，beat与win
这三个词都有“赢”的意思，但用法不尽相同。
(1)defeat和beat都可接sb.作宾语，一般可以互换，其宾语通常是“人”或“一个团体”，如a team，a class，a school，an army等。另外，defeat还可用于指战争中“击败”敌军或入侵者。
(2)win后接sth.，如game，war，prize，love，respect等；后接sb.时表示“争取某人”。
2.用win，beat或defeat填空：
(1)Much to his disappointment，he was badly ________in the election.
(2)Who do you think will________the beauty contest?
(3)You________me in the race，but I’ll________you at tennis.
答案： (1)defeated (2)win (3)beat/defeated；beat/defeat
expose vt.暴露，揭露；使曝光；使面临
教材原句P2：But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera.但当他一想到要帮助(那些)受到霍乱威胁的普通百姓，他就感到很振奋。
①Don’t expose your skin to direct sunlight，or you’ll get sunburnt.不要让你的皮肤直接暴晒于阳光下，否则你会被晒伤。
②The bicycle was exposed to the wind and rain.
那辆自行车任由风吹雨打。
③We want to expose the kids to as much art and culture as possible.我们想让孩子们受到尽可能多的艺术和文化熏陶。
④As a nurse in the war she was exposed to many dangers.
作为战地护士，她置身于危险之中。
3.完成句子
暴露在阳光下太久对皮肤有伤害。
________________________sunlight for too much time will do harm to your skin.
答案： Being exposed to
absorb vt.吸收；吸引；使专心；并入，并吞
教材原句P2：The second suggested that people absorbed this disease into their bodies with their meals.
第二种看法表明人们是在吃饭时把这种病毒引入体内的。
(1)absorb one’s attention吸引某人注意
(2)absorbed adj.聚精会神的；专心致志的，极感兴趣的
be absorbed by/into被……吞并，被……所吸收
be absorbed/buried in全神贯注于
①I was so absorbed in this book that I didn’t hear you come in.
我正入神地看这本书，连你进来也没听见。
②Absorbed in his work，Tom simply forgot food and sleep.
汤姆专心于工作，几乎忘记了吃饭和睡觉。
③The big company has gradually absorbed these small companies into its own organization.
这家大公司渐渐把这些小公司吞并了。
4.(2010·河南省实验中学模拟)For the next two hours she was________the film，so she didn’t notice what happened around her.
A．engaged inB．busy with
C．absorbed inD．occupied with
解析： 考查短语辨析。句意为：在此后的两个小时里，她在专心看电影，因而没有注意到周围所发生的事情。be engaged in从事；be busy with忙于；be absorbed in全神贯注于；be occupied with忙于。
答案： C
5．________in her new novel，the young writer kept thinking and writing for a dozen hours in her study.
A．Having deeply absorbedB．Deeply absorbing
C．Deeply having been absorbedD．Deeply absorbed
解析： 本题考查非谓语动词的用法。短语be absorbed in的意思为“专心于”。
答案： D
blame vt.责备；谴责；把……归咎于是；n.过失；责备
教材原句P2：It seemed that the water was to blame.
看来水是罪魁祸首。
①The police blamed the traffic accident on Jack’s careless driving.警察把那起交通事故归咎于杰克的粗心驾驶。
②I don’t blame you for doing that.
我不责备你做了那事。
③The driver was not to blame for the traffic accident.
这位司机不应承担交通事故。
④You must bear the blame for the accident.
你必须承担这次事故的责任。
6.(安徽高考)Mr Green stood up in defence of the 16yearold boy，saying that he was not the one ________.
A．blamed
B．blaming
C．to blameD．to be blamed
解析： he was not the one to blame意为“他不是那个应该受责备的人”。
答案： C
7．(福建高考)________for the breakdown of the school computer network，Alice was in low spirits.
A．BlamingB．Blamed
C．To blameD．To be blamed
解析： 本题考查非谓语动词的用法。句意为：Alice因为电脑网络故障被责备，情绪很低落。非谓语形式用做原因状语，主语是这个动作的承受者，故用过去分词blame。D项to be blamed有将要的意思。
答案： B
8．Don’t always_______your own failure_______others.Sometimes you yourself________.
A．blame；on；are to be blamed
B．blame；for；are to blame
C．blame；on；are to blame
D．blame；for；are to be blamed
解析： 句意为：不要总把失败归咎于他人。有时该责怪你自己。blame sth.on sb.把……归咎于某人；be to blame该受责备，要用主动式表被动意义。
答案： C
contribute vt.& vi.捐款；贡献；捐助
①He contributed some money to the flood victims.
他捐出一些钱给遭受水灾的难民。
②Our teacher tells us that exercise contributes to good health.
我们的老师告诉我们锻炼有助于身体健康。
③He has made great contributions to a space development program.他对太空发展计划有很大贡献。
④Many people contributed money to the poor boy，which contributed to his returning to school.A writer wrote a story about it and contributed it to a newspaper.
许多人给这个可怜的小男孩捐钱，这使他重新回到了校园。一位作家写了一篇关于此事的文章并把它投到了报社。
9.Eating too much fat can________heart diseases and cause high blood pressure.
A．result from
B．contribute to
C．attend to
D．devote to
解析： contribute to导致，其后常接表示结果的名词。
答案： B
put forward 提出(建议)；推荐；将……提前
教材原句P1：Who put forward a theory about black holes?
谁提出的黑洞理论？
①He put forward a very good suggestion at the meeting.
他在会上提了一个很好的建议。
②The plan put forward by the old professor was well worth considering.那位老教授提出的计划很值得考虑。
③They have put forward the date of their wedding by one week.
他们将婚礼日期提前了一周。
put aside节省；储蓄；储存
put away放好；积蓄
put off延期；推迟
put on穿上；演出
put out熄灭；生产
put up举起；张贴；公布；挂起；建造
④Never put off till tomorrow what you can to today.
今日事今日毕。
⑤It’s wise to have some money put away for old age.
存些钱养老是明智的做法。
⑥They have put up a lot of highrise buildings recently.
最近他们盖起来很多高楼大厦。
10.完成句子
The manager was very satisfied with the suggestion that Mr Smith________________________(昨天在会议上提出的)．
答案： put forward at the meeting yesterday
apart from除……之外；此外
教材原句P4：Apart from the construction mentioned above you have also learned the following phrases.
除了以上提到的结构，你也学过下面的词组。
①Apart from you，I had no one to talk to.(相当于but/except)
除了你，我再也没有可交谈的人了。
②Apart from a few faults，he is a respectable teacher.(相当于except for)除几个缺点外，他是个值得尊敬的老师。
③This essay is good apart from a couple of spelling mistakes.
除了有些拼写错误，这篇文章写得不错。
in addition to相当于介词besides，表示“除……以外还”。
④In addition to giving a general introduction to computers，the course also provide practical experience.
课程除了介绍一般电脑知识之外，还提供实际操作的机会。
11.(2010·杭州学军中学模拟)________its low cost，the appeal of iron as a building material lies in its strength，its resistance to fire，and its potential to span vast areas.
A．Other thanB．Apart from
C．Except forD．Rather than
解析： 句意为：除了低成本外，对作为建筑材料的铁的需求在于其自身的优点，耐火性以及在其他广泛领域中的应用潜能。apart from在此处相当于介词besides，符合语意。other than除了；except for除……以外，rather than胜于，均不符合语意。
答案： B
12．She knows nothing about her new neighbor________he moved into the building last Sunday.
A．except that
B．except
C．apart from
D．besides
解析： 此题考查except后跟宾语从句的用法，except后连词不可省略。
答案： A
make sense有意义；有道理；讲得通
教材原句P7：Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense.只有把太阳放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星的运动才能讲得通。
①This sentence just doesn’t make sense，no matter how you read it.无论你怎样读这个句子，它还是讲不通。
②It makes no sense to buy that expensive coat when these cheaper ones are just as good.
这些便宜的大衣也很好，何必非买那件贵的不可呢？
make sense of理解，明白
make no sense没道理，没意义
there is no sense in doing sth.做……没道理
in a sense在某一方面；就某种意义来说
in no sense决不
③Only after I read the poem a second time did I make sense of it.
我把这首诗又读了一遍之后才理解了它的含义。
④There’s no sense in getting angry about it.
为此生气是没有意思的。
⑤You are right in a sense，but you don’t know all the facts.
在某种意义上你是对的，但你不了解全部事实。
13.—What’s the central idea of the passage，Bob?
—Sorry，I can’t make________of it.It’s beyond my ability.
A．judgementB．understanding
C．idea
D．sense
解析： 句意为：——Bob，这篇文章的中心思想是什么？——对不起，我不明白(这篇文章)。这超出我的能力范围了。make sense of明白，理解。
答案： D
Neither its cause，nor its cure was understood.
人们既不知道其起因，又不知道它的治疗方法。
neither...nor...既不……，也不……，连接句中两个相同成分。
①Neither my father nor I was there.
我父亲和我都不在那里。
②I have neither time nor money for the ball.
我既没时间也没钱参加舞会。
③If Joe’s wife won’t go to the party，neither will I.
如果Joe的妻子不参加晚会，我也不去。
④The man never went to school，so he could neither read nor write.这个人从来没上过学，因此他既不会读也不会写。
14.Bill wasn’t happy about the delay of the report by Jason，and________.
A．I was neitherB．neither was I
C．I was eitherD．either was I
解析： 句意为：比尔对Jason做报告推迟这件事表示不高兴，我也不高兴。根据题意可知，我也不 (高兴)，neither/nor＋系动词/助动词/情态动词＋sb.表示某人也不 (同意或赞成上文的观点)，易把either看做neither，无either was I句式，故选B。
答案： B
So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak.
每次爆发霍乱时，都有大批惊恐的老百姓病死。
(1)every time引导一个时间状语从句，相当于whenever，意
思是“每当……”。
(2)名词词组作连词用，引导时间状语从句的有：
every time，each time，any time，the last time，next time，the
first
time，the moment，the second，the minute，the hour，the day等。
(3)有些副词，如directly，instantly，immediately也可引导状
语从句。
①Every time I catch a cold，I have pains in my back.
我每次感冒背就痛。
②The first time I climbed onto the wall，I felt very nervous.
我第一次爬到墙上去时，感到很紧张。
③She let out a cry the moment she saw the snake.
她一看到蛇就叫了起来。
④I left immediately the clock struck 5.
钟刚敲了五下我就离开了。
(1)for the first time是介词短语，只可作时间状语，而the first time是连词，引导时间状语从句。
(2)It is the first time that...如果前面用is，从句动词用现在完成时；如果用was，则用过去完成时。
(3)It’s high/about time that...从句动词用过去时或should＋动词原形。
⑤It is the first time that I have been to Beijing.
这是我第一次去北京。
⑥It is high time that we left for Beijing.
该到我们出发去北京的时间了。
15.(2009·辽宁卷)It’s the first time that he has been to Australia，________？
A．isn’t heB．hasn’t he
C．isn’t itD．hasn’t it
解析： 句意为：这是他第一次到澳大利亚，不是吗？It’s the first time that...是固定句型，反意疑问句的构成需依据主句的主语和谓语而定。
答案： C
16．(2009·陕西卷)This is the first time we________a film in the cinema together as a family.
A．see
B．had seen
C．saw
D．have seen
解析： 句意为：这是我们全家第一次到电影院看电影。“This/It is the＋序数词＋time that 从句”为固定句型，that从句需用现在完成时。
答案： D
17．Don’t stop________you meet with a word you don’t understand.
A．at the timeB．each time
C．by the timeD．sometimes
解析： 考查名词性词组用做连词引导时间状语从句。句意为：不要每次遇到不理解的词就停下来。有类似用法的还有：next time(下次)，last time(上次)，the moment(一……就……)等。而A、D两项不能连接句子，C项意义不对。
答案： B
18．(2011·云南玉溪模拟)________you talk to someone or write a message，you show your skills to others.
A．At times
B．Some time
C．Every timeD．The time
解析： 句意为：每次你与别人交谈或写信息，你都向别人展示你的技能。every time是名词词组用做连词，引导时间状语从句。
答案： C
To prevent this from happening again，John Snow suggested that the source of all water supplies be examined.为防止这种情况再度发生，约翰·斯诺建议，所有水源都要经过检测。
suggest在此意为“建议”，后接从句作宾语时，谓语动词要用should do，should可以省略。
①I suggested to him that we should tackle the problem another way.我向他建议我们用另一种方式处理这个问题。
②He suggested that we sit down to work out a practical solution.
他建议我们坐下来拟定一个实际的解决办法。
(1)suggest后接动词时要用ing形式。
(2)suggest意为“暗示”时，表语从句用正常的时态。
③The headmaster suggested putting off the sports meeting because of the bad weather.由于天气不好，校长建议推迟运动会。
④Her expression on the face suggested that she was not satisfied with what we had done.
她脸上的表情暗示了她对我们做的事情不满意。
19.Jane’s pale face suggested that she______ill，and her parents suggested that she________a medical examination.
A．be；should have
B．was；have
C．should be；had
D．was；has
解析： 句中第一个suggest意为“表明”，从句不用虚拟语气，应用过去时态；第二个suggest意为“建议”，应用虚拟语气，省略了should。
答案： B
Ⅰ.完成句子
1．We are divided into 6 groups to discuss the questions________________(提出) by the teacher.
答案： put forward
2．In the end，he________________(得出结论) that the murderer was one of the four people.
答案： concluded/drew a/the conclusion
3．The camera________________(连接到) a computer so that the photos can be copied onto the computer.
答案： is linked to
4．In fact，________________(除……之外)money，the old man needs more care.
答案： apart from
5．It is not the child but his parents who________________(该负责) for this.
答案： is to blame
6．The police________________(调查) the case for several months but didn’t find any useful clues.
答案： had looked into
7．The bus________________(减速) and stopped as it approached the bus station.
答案： slowed down
8．When the party________________(结束)，the girls left together.
答案： came to an end
Ⅱ.巧思妙解
1．(2011·江西师大附中模拟)________you take part in physical activity________be able to keep fit and stay healthy.
A．Only if；you willB．Only if；will you
C．Unless；you will
D．Unless；will you
解析： 考查部分倒装。句意为：只有参加体育锻炼，你才能保持身体健康。“Only＋状语从句”放于句首时，主句要进行部分倒装。此处是“Only＋if引导的条件状语从句”，故主句须用倒装形式，因而排除A、C两项，unless不符合语意，故排除D而选B。
答案： B
2．Only at the moment________that only________late for the meeting.Everybody else was seated calmly in their places.
A．did I realize；I wasB．did I realize；was I
C．I realized；I wasD．I realized；was I
解析： 考查倒装句和语序。当only修饰主语之外的句子成分如状语、宾语并与它所修饰的成分一起放在句首时，句子要用倒装，因此第一空用倒装形式；第二空的only修饰宾语从句的主语，此时句子应用正常语序，因此选A。
答案： A
3．Every one of us must know：________we live can we save the earth.
A．by changing the way only
B．only by changing the way
C．by only changing the way
D．by changing only the way
解析： 空格后为倒装语序，判定选项应为only＋介词短语。
答案： B
4．________by keeping down costs will PowerData hold its advantage over other companies.
A．Only
B．Just
C．Still
D．Yet
解析： only＋介词短语结构。
答案： A
5．—I didn’t invite him to the party but he came anyway and got completely drunk.
—________he hadn’t come！The party could have been a success.
A．How comeB．Only if
C．What if
D．If only
解析： 由上下文语境可看出，空格处表示对过去动作的虚拟，if only要是……就好了。后句意为：要是他没来就好了！聚会本来会很成功。A项，怎么会；B项，只要；C项，倘若……将会怎样，这三项均不符合句意。
答案： D
Ⅲ.语法专练
本单元语法——过去分词作定语和表语
1．(2011·东城检测)Subway Line 4，________into use in September 2009，has made traveling in Beijing easier.
A．having been put
B．putting
C．being put
D．put
解析： 考查非谓语动词。非谓语动词题目的解题核心在于找出非谓语动词的逻辑主语，然后判断该逻辑主语与此非谓语动词之间的关系。同时要记住以下要点：不定式表示将来的动作；动名词相当于名词；现在分词表示主动或者正在进行的动作；过去分词表示被动或者已经完成的动作。此处逻辑主语是Subway Line 4，与put之间构成动宾关系，现在分词的完成式不作定语，排除A；B项表主动关系；C项表示“正在被投入使用”，据此选D项。
答案： D
2．“Things________never come again！” I couldn’t help talking to myself.
A．lost
B．losing
C．to lose
D．have lost
解析： 前句意为“失物难寻！”，所以应用过去分词表动作完成，相当于which were lost。
答案： A
3．(2010·四川卷)A great number of students________said they were forced to practise the piano.
A．to question B．to be questioned
C．questioned D．questioning
解析： 句意为：许多被询问的学生说他们是被迫练习弹钢琴的。此题考查非谓语动词作后置定语。students和question之间是被动关系，故排除A、D两项；B项表示要被询问，不符合语境；C项表示被询问过的，符合句意。
答案： C
4．(2010·福建卷)In April，thousands of holidaymakers remained________abroad due to the volcanic ash cloud.
A．sticking
B．stuck
C．to be stuckD．to have stuck
解析： 句意为：四月，成千上万的度假者由于受到火山灰的影响，滞留国外。本题考查非谓语动词作表语。主语holidaymakers与stick间为被动关系，排除A、D两项；remain＋过去分词，表示状态；remain＋to be done表示将来。综上所述，答案为B项。
答案： B
5．—Can those________at the back of the classroom hear me?
—No problem.
A．seat
B．sit
C．seated
D．sat
解析： seated作定语修饰those。sit是不及物动词，不能用于过去分词作定语。
答案： C