Unit 2 Sporting events
Module4
热点单词
1. honour n. 荣誉，敬意 → honour; vt. 褒扬，给某人荣誉 → honourable adj. 光荣的
2. delight n. 高兴(的事情) → delight; vt. 使某人高兴 → delighted; adj. 高兴的；delightful; 令人高兴的→ delightedly; adv. 高兴地；delightfully令人高兴地
3. significant adj. 重要的，有意义的 → significance; n. 重要性，意义 → significantly adv. 有意义地，明显地
4. brief adj. 简短的，扼要的 → briefly adv. 简明地，扼要地
5. athlete n. 运动员 → athletic adj. 体格健壮的，适合做运动员的
6. separate adj. 单独的，分开的→ separate v. 分开 → separation n. 分开，分离 → separately adv. 单独地，分开地
7. peace n. 和平，宁静，祥和 →peaceful adj. 和平的，宁静的，祥和的，平静的 → peacefully adv. 和平地，祥和地，平静地
8. light n. 灯，光亮 → lighted / lit adj. 亮的，点亮的
9. record vt. 记录，录(音，像) → record; n. 记录，唱片； recorder 录音机；recording 录音
1.We have five absent students today. Tom has got three absences from school this week. It's time to talk to his parents now.
2.The continent we live on is called Asia. And that's why we are known as
Asians.
3.The left hemisphere of the brain is largely responsible for the
movement of the right part of the human body. Since something is wrong with the left half of your brain, it's easy to understand why you can't move your right limbs(肢体)．
4.We are all proud of our athletes' glorious achievements they have made in the National Games. We Hunanese have really enjoyed our glory days in the past five years in all the big sports events.
5.There is only a rugged narrow path as the only approach to the mountainous village. The transportation here really needs improving. Just imagine how the villagers have transported their delicioustasting oranges to the town!
6.Most scientists will agree that all species have their origin in the sea, but where did the very original form of life come from? I'm afraid most have to turn to the Creator, who is supposed to have originally made the first life on the planet.
7.We have developed a new technique for detecting errors in the manufacturing process. The problem is that we need to improve the operators' technical level.
8.Arguably, China will become the leading economy in the world. It's already the leader in many industries in Asia.
9.What are the basic requirements for this job? At least a college degree is required.
根据中文填单词完成句子，每空一词(记忆时，用下列横线上的新单词造句记忆)
1. 运动员在赛场上获得奖牌，不仅对本人是一个巨大的喜悦，同时对于运动员的祖国也具有重大意义。
A
medal won by the athlete was not only a great delight to himself/herself, but also of great significance to his/her motherland.
2. 游泳运动员赛后经常将附有比赛场馆照片的信封寄回祖国，以满足他的朋友们收藏的需要，并给他们带来快乐。
Swimmers often post envelops with the pictures of venues back to their motherland to meet their friends' requirements and bring joy to them.
3.刘翔缺席2008年奥运会让人失望，但尤塞恩·博尔特在北京挑战人类极限的表现也让整个世界兴奋不已。
People were disappointed at Liu Xiang's absence for 2008 Olympics, but Usain Bolt excited the whole world with his performances in challenging human beings' limit.
4. 在中国，一个矮个子女子乒乓球运动员在给人们带来激动兴奋的同时，也为乒乓球的普及和发展做出了巨大的贡献，她的名字叫邓亚萍。
In China, a short female table tennis athlete whose name is Deng Yaping, brought great joy to all the people around China; also she made great contributions to popularizing and developing the sport.
5. 随着交通设施的改善，一些原本藏在深山的旅游景点也引来了大量的爱好者。
With the improvement of transportation facilities ， many tourist attractions that were once hidden in the mountain areas have attracted many fans .
根据中文写出英文短语
1. 高兴做某事
be delighted to do sth.
2. 每4年
every four years
3. 纪念……
in honour of
4. 实现这个梦想
realize (live) this dream
5. 以他最初的名字
under his original name
6. 在开幕典礼上
at the opening ceremony
7. 为奖牌竞争
compete for medals
8. 打破世界纪录
break the world record
9. 对……作出贡献
make contributions to
10. 把快乐带给人们
bring joy to people
11. 与它光荣的过去相匹配
match its glorious past
12. 被设计用于做……
be designed to do
13. 使……处于控制之下
keep…under control
14. 给……让路，让位与……
make way for
15. 在……中发挥作用
play a role in
1.imagine ＋ thatclause 想象一下……
2.It was a Frenchman, Pierre de Coubertin, who restarted the Olympics.
It was…who…是强调句型，强调句子的主语。
3.Deng Yaping, who won four…， is perhaps the greatest…
在下定义或描述性的句子中，经常在主语或需要定义的名词之后以逗号分隔，再使用非限制性定语来完善表达。
4.Unmarried women were allowed to take part in…
be allowed to do sth.意为“某人被允许做某事”，用被动式的形式可以突出主语。
Ⅰ.同义转换
1. In order for a new sport to be added, a current sport must be dropped.
In order to add a new sport, they have to drop a current sport.
2.Unmarried women were allowed to take part in their own competition at a separate festival in honour of the wife of the Greek god Zeus.
They didn't allow unmarried women to take part in the Olympic Games, but they organized a separate festival in memory of the wife of the Greek god Zeus.
3.I am sure the whole of China must have felt proud when Xu Haifeng won the first gold medal for his country.
The whole China took great pride in Xu Haifeng's winning the first gold medal.
4.Some sports have been added recently, such as tae kwon do, which was first included in the Olympics in 2000.
Recently，they have added some sports into the Olympics, including tae kwon do, which entered the Olympics in 2000.
5.It was a Frenchman, Pierre de Coubertin, who restarted the Olympics.
The man
who restarted the Olympics was a Frenchman called / named Pierre de Coubertin.
Ⅱ.汉译英
试想你作为校长正在开学典礼上对全体学生发言。(imagine)
Imagine that you, as the headmaster, are giving a speech to all the students at the school opening ceremony.
2.那些体育健儿们是在为荣誉而不是为奖金而战。(强调句；compete for)
It is for honor rather than the prize money that the athletes are fighting / competing.
3.邓小平造就了中国最近三十年的经济奇迹(wonder)，他将永远为民众所怀念。(make sth. possible; remember; 非限制性定语从句)
Deng Xiaoping, who will be remembered forever by the people, made possible the economic wonder in China lasting for the past three decades.
1、allow
允许，同意
allow (doing) sth. 允许(做)某事
allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事
allow sb. sth. 给予某人某物(尤指钱或时间)；让某人有(拥有或带有)某物
allow for 考虑到，把……考虑进来，体谅
①We don't allow_eating in the classrooms.
(我们)不允许在教室吃饭。
②Smoking is not allowed here.
此处不准吸烟。
③My parents don't_allow_me_to stay up late at night.
我父母不允许我晚上熬夜。
④I will allow you 10% off the price if you pay now.
如果你现在付款，我可以给你打9折。
⑤We should allow_for every possible delay.
我们应该考虑到任何可能的延误。
⑥We don’t allow ____ here, but we allow them ____ there.
A. parking; to park
B. to park; parking
C. to park; to park
D. parking; parking
A
2、honour
v. 尊敬，给以荣誉，以……为荣
①The young should honour the aged.
年轻人应该尊敬长者。
②I feel honoured to have been asked to speak here.
应邀在这里讲话我深感荣幸。
n. 荣誉(不可数)；荣誉，光荣的人/事(可数)
③It is an_honour to have dinner with you.
与你一起吃饭是我的荣幸。
in honour of 向……表示敬意，纪念……
④Washington，a state in the United States，was named in honour of one of the greatest American presidents.
华盛顿，美国的一个州，是以美国最伟大的总统命名的。
⑤学生应该尊敬老师。
The students should show their honour to their teachers.
3、light (lit, lit / lighted, lighted)
vt.(1)点着, 变亮(常与up连用)；点火，点燃；照
亮,使光明
①We lit the candle and the candle lit the room.
我们点着了蜡烛，蜡烛照亮了房间。
(2)使……光亮/放光彩，常与up连用
②His eyes lit_up when she walked into the room.
看到她走进房间，他两眼一亮。
adj.(1)发光的；明亮的； 浅色的；淡色的(反义词：dark)
a light blue sky 淡蓝色的天空
(2)轻的，不重的
③The basket is very light; I can easily pick it up.
篮子很轻，我可以很容易地拿起来。
(3)lighted与lit的差异，lighted可以作定语，而lit不可以作定语。
a lighted candle (正)
a lit candle (误)
一根燃着的蜡烛
④He came in, with_a_lighted_lamp in his hand.
他走进来，手里拿着一盏点亮的灯。
make light of
轻视……
come to light
被曝光，众所周知
in the light of
根据，当作
give light to
解释
4、compete
vi. 竞争
①Will you compete in the race?
你会参加这个比赛吗？
②The two teams are competing_for the championship.
这两个队在争夺冠军。
compete against sb. 与某人竞赛
competition
竞争
competitive
adj. 有竞争力的，竞争激烈的
competitor
n. 竞争者
5、involve
vt. 需要; 牵连，包括；使某人参与 / 陷入
involve sb. in doing sth. 使某人参与某活动
involve sb. / sth. in sth. 使某人 / 某物陷入(困境)
involve sb. in expense / a lot of trouble 使某人破费 / 使某人招惹许多麻烦
①The scheme involves computers.
这一方案离不开计算机。
②Don't involve_me_in solving your problem.
你解决你的问题，别把我拉进去。
be deeply involved in debt
债台高筑
be involved in the scandal
被卷入丑闻中
③Most people don’t realize the amount of effort that is ____ in writing novel.
A. involved
B. involving
C. contained
D. called
A 全句的意思是“大多数人没有认识到写小说所要付出的大量努力”，故用be involved in结构。contain表示“……(物质中)含有……(成分)”。
6、attempt
n. 尝试，企图，努力
①My first attempt at a chocolate cake tasted horrible.
我首次尝试做的巧克力蛋糕难吃极了。
②Will you at least make_an_attempt_to smile?
请你至少尝试着微笑一下好吗？
vt. 企图
③I attempted walking along the rope.
我试图沿着绳索走。
④He attempted_to leave but was stopped.
他企图离开，但是被阻止了。
attempted
adj. 尝试的，企图的
in an/one’s attempt to 力图, 试图
a maiden attempt
初次尝试
7、recognize
(1)认出；辨认
①He recognized_me_at_once when we met yesterday.
当我们昨天见面时，他立刻认出我来了。
(2)承认；意识到
②They don't recognize_him_as their student.
他们不承认他是他们的学生。
③I didn't recognize that he was right until he explained it again.
直到他再解释后，我才意识到他是对的。
8、 辨析 divide， separate
(1)divide 指把整体“划分”成若干份，常与into搭配。
be divided into halves / be divided in half 分成两份
divide up分配
divide among / between 在……之间分配
be divided by 被……除
(2)separate 把原来连在一起或靠近的“分隔开来”，常与from搭配。
①The island is_divided_into two parts.
这个岛屿被分成两部分。
②The Taiwan Strait separates Taiwan from Fujian.
台湾海峡把台湾和福建隔开了。
③Please separate_the_white_shirt_from the colored ones.
请把白衬衫与其他颜色的衬衫分开。
④Physiographically (从地形上)the United States may be ____ three major divisions (区).
A. divided from
B. divided into
C. separated from
D. separated into
B
9、 otherwise
adv. & conj. 另外，别样；否则，要不然 (相当于or)
①You obviously think otherwise.
显然你的想法与众不同。
②He reminded me of what I should otherwise have forgotten.
他提醒了我，要不然我就把这事给忘了。
③Do as you are told, otherwise / or you will be in trouble.
叫你怎么做你就怎么做，否则就有麻烦了。
④We must run, otherwise we will be late.
我们必须跑，否则我们将会迟到。
10、ensure
vt
确保,担保
①I can't ensure his being there on time.
＝I can't ensure that he will be there on time.
我不能担保他会准时到那儿。
②The medicine will ensure you a good night's sleep.
这药能保证你睡一夜好觉。
③These are safety devices to ensure you against / from accidents.
这些安全措施能保护你不出事。
ensure的句型为：ensure that… / ensure (doing)… / ensure sb. sth. / ensure…against…
(2) ensure that / make sure that / see to it that…句型中，从句的将来时态常用一般现在时表达。
④You_will_have_to_see_to_it_that /make sure that/ensure that all the windows are shut when you leave.
当你离开时，你要确保所有的窗户都关好了。
⑤The government has the responsibility to ensure that all the chemical factories ______ out of the city within 5 years.
A. are moved
B. will be moved
C. has been moved
D. move
A ensure that…从句中的将来时态常用一般现在时，同时，本题中factories与move out之间为被动关系。
1、listen to sb. do sth. 听某人做某事
①The kids sat in a circle to listen to their mother tell a story.
孩子们坐成一圈，听妈妈讲故事。
listen to sb. do sth. 指听到某人做某事，强调动作的完整性、真实性；而listen to sb. doing也指听到某人做某事，但是强调动作的连续性、进行性。
②I listened to him tell a joke yesterday.
昨天我听见他讲笑话了。(强调“我听见了”这个事实)
③I listened to him telling a joke yesterday.
昨天我听见他正在讲笑话。(强调“我听见他正在讲笑话”这个动作)
感官动词see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste, feel +do表示动作的完整性、真实性；+doing表示动作的连续性、进行性。
④She said that she felt someone ____ in the room.
A. to smoke
B. smokes
C. smoked
D. smoking
D
2、no matter的用法
(1)独立成句，也可在句中担当成分。
①No matter! 不要紧！
②No_matter,_I'll go there on foot.
没事儿，我走路过去。
(2)词组no matter用it作形式主语，真正主语位于句
③It_is_no_matter that he didn't call me.
他不打电话给我没关系。
(3)no matter与疑问词who, what, where, when, how, if, whether等连用，意为“无论，不管”，引导让步状语从句。
④No matter whether it is light or dark at that time, we've decided to leave at five o'clock in the morning.
不管到时候是否天亮，我们都已决定早晨5点离开。
no matter +特殊疑问词,一般用来引导让步状语从句；而特殊疑问词＋ever,可以用来引导让步状语从句和名词性从句。在引导让步状语从句时，两者是可以相互替换的。
⑤不管是谁违法，都会受到惩罚。
No matter who breaks the law, he will be punished. (正)
Whoever breaks the law, he will be punished. (正)
No matter who breaks the law will be punished. (误)
Whoever breaks the law will be punished. (正)
⑥不管要花多少钱，我也要把它买下来。
No matter how much I have to pay, I'll take it.
3、make way for sth. / give way to sth.
(1)被取代，被代替(没有被动语态)
①Several houses were demolished to make way for an office development.好几栋房子被拆除以腾出地方来建一座办公楼。
(2)让路，把职位让给某人
②On hearing siren from a rushing fire engine, please make_way_for the vehicle to pass.一听到呼啸而来的消防车的警报声，请让路让车通过。
③I shall make way for a young man.
我要给一个年轻人让出职位。
all the way
一路上，一直； 大老远
by the way
顺便说一声；在途中
by way of
经过，经由
find one’s way 找到路，设法到达
in a way
在某种程度上；有点，有几分
in no way
决不
in the / one’s way挡路
lead the way
领路，带路
lose one’s way
迷路
make one’s way
(辛苦地)前进，行走
no way
没门
on the / one’s way (to)
在途中；渐趋于
under way
(船只)航行中，(计划)进行中
④ She is on her way ____ a singer.
A. to become
B. becoming
C. in becoming
D. to becoming
D
4、come up
(植物)长出地面；(太阳)升起；被提出，被讨论
①The snowdrops are just beginning to come up.
雪花莲刚刚开始长出地面。
②The question came_up at the meeting.
这个问题是在会议上提出来的。
come about
发生，产生
come across
偶然遇见，碰上
come along
出现，发生；进步，进展
come apart
碰碎，崩溃
come at
攻击，冲向；达到；了解
come between
分开，离间；妨碍
come by
得到，获得；访问，看望
come down
下跌；落魄，潦倒
come down to
可归纳为
come in for
受到，遭到
come off 发生，举行；成功；脱落，分开
come on 快，走吧；进步，进展；发生，开始
come out 出现，显露；出版，发表；结果是
come round / around
苏醒，复原；顺便来访
come through
经历……仍活着
come to
苏醒；总数为；涉及，谈到
come up against
突然(或意外)碰到(困难)
come up to
比得上，达到(标准)
I am delighted to have been invited to your school to talk to you about the history and significance of the Olympic Games.
我非常高兴应邀来到贵校跟你们讲述奥运会的历史和意义。
to have been invited是不定式的完成式的被动式，表示该动作在谓语之前已经发生。不定式的一般式to do, 表示动作的反复或尚未发生。不定式的进行式to be doing, 表示动作正在进行。
我很高兴应邀来参加你们的婚礼。
I am happy to have been invited to take part in your wedding.