Unit 2 The environment Module5
热点单词
1.economy n. 经济 →economic adj. 和经济有关的；economical经济的，便宜的→ economically adv.经济方面地
2.environment n. 环境→ environmental adj. 环境的→ environmentally adv. 环境方面地
3.poison n. 毒药 → poisonous adj. 有毒的； poisoned 中毒的
4.pollute vt. 污染 → pollution n. 污染
5.benefit n. 益处，好处 →beneficial adj. 有益处的 →benefit
v. 获益；对某人有益
6.responsible adj. 负责任的 responsibility n. 责任；责任心 →responsibly
adv. 负责任地
7.effect n. 影响，效果 →effective adj. 有效的； ineffective 没有效果的 → effectively adv. 有效地； ineffectively无效地
8.destroy vt. 毁灭 →destruction n. 毁灭，破坏→ destructive adj. 破坏的，毁灭的；→ destructively
adv. 毁灭性地
9.disappoint vt. 使失望 →disappointment n. 失望；令人失望的人或事物 → disappointed adj. 失望的； disappointing 令人失望的 → disappointingly adv. 令人失望地
1.Have you seen the new arrivals？They arrived yesterday.
2.The villagers are prohibited from fishing in salmons'(鲑鱼) breeding season. However, the prohibition doesn't seem to work at all.
3.He argued forcefully that stricter laws were necessary to deal with the problem. It seemed that he would force the government to take strong action.
4.The farmers complain that all the farmable lands have been taken over by the housing developers.
5.Most parents are very concerned over their children's physical growth ， but they pay little attention to how the kids grow psychologically.
6.We need some technicians to deal with some technical problems.
7.The smart house is equipped with very modern IT gadgets to keep it safe and comfortable. Nobody knows how much the equipment costs.
8.The policy makers didn't realize the importance of domestic demand (国内需求)until 2008 when some figures of other important economic areas fell sharply.
9.The conservation of natural resources is thought of as the only way to stop the planet from failing. Actually, American citizens are always encouraged to conserve water and forests around them.
10.We asked them to reserve the table for us, but now the manager denied our reservation .
根据中文填单词完成句子，每空一词(记忆时，用下列横线上的新单词造句记忆)
1.很明显，《走进科学》栏目有助于社会形成一种尊重科学的氛围，对工业与农业的发展以及环境保护大有帮助。
Obviously， the program of “approaching science” could help to create an atmosphere of respecting science in the society, which is of great help to the development of industry and agriculture and environmental preservation / protection .
2.世界各国非常赞赏中国政府为防止沙化和保护濒危野生动物而推行的强有力的措施。
Different countries around the world appreciate the forceful measures that the Chinese government took to stop desertification and to preserve / protect the endangered wild animals.
3.为监测中国东北和西北地区土壤沙化的情况，一批装备有先进设备和技术人员的监测中心建立了起来，以找出减少沙漠化的措施。
To monitor and to find solutions to decrease the desertification in Northeast and Northwest China, some monitoring centers were established， which were stocked / equipped with advanced equipment and technicians .
4.工业污染是大气最可怕的敌人。因此减少污染，杜绝有毒气体排放，才是环境保护的关键。
Industrial pollution is the awful enemy to the atmosphere. So the key to protecting the environment is to reduce the pollution and eradicate the emission of poisonous gases.
5.保护动植物的多样化的努力正在进行中，这项工作的焦点在于设立各种自然保护区，并打击非法捕猎。
Efforts to preserve the diversity of animals and plants are being made; it focuses on setting up different kinds of nature reserves; and hitting illegal hunting.
根据中文写出英文短语
1. 除……以外
in addition (to)
2. 扫除，消灭
wipe out
3. 缩减，减少
cut back on
4. 用光，用完
run out (of)
5. 以……的形式
in the form of
6. 装备有……，储备有……
be stocked with
7. 依靠，依赖于
rely on
8. 导致，产生(结果)
result in
9. 聚集于，集中于
focus on
10. 对……有长期的影响
have a lasting effect on
11. 对……有益
be beneficial to
12. 对……关心
be concerned about
13. 肩并肩
side by side
14. 自由发言
open the floor
15. 禁止……做……
prohibit…from doing…
1.open the floor for sth. 为……展开自由讨论
2.My suggestion is that we should try… suggestion(建议)之后所加的从句，从句中使用虚拟语气(should＋动词原形)，同时should可以省略。
3.What if we run out of space?
what if 意为“倘使……将会怎样？”
Ⅰ.根据课文中的重点句子进行同义转换
1.As an economist, I'm often seen as being against the environment.
As I am working as an economist, people always regard me as the one who is against the environment.
2.If you have any questions or comments, you can use this time to voice them.
If you have any questions or comments, you can
raise / voice them by using the time left.
3.My suggestion is that we should try to cut back on production and reduce the amount of things we make and buy.
I suggest that we (should) try to cut back on production and reduce the amount of things we make and buy.
4.The world's population has grown to more than six times what it was in 1800.
The world's population now is six times as much as what it was in 1800.
5.Asking around, I find many people willing to pay slightly higher prices for things that are environmentally friendly.
When asked ， many people are willing to pay slightly higher prices for things that are environmentally friendly.
Ⅱ.汉译英
1. 发言结束后，我们就开始自由提问。(open; speech)
When the speech is over, we will open the floor for questions.
2. 他们的要求是要禁止国企老总(CEO)给自己涨薪。(demand；prohibit；表语从句)
Their demand is that the CEOs of stateowned companies should be prohibited from raising their own salaries.
3.森林资源被人类一扫而光了会怎么样？(wipe; if)
What if the forests are wiped out by humans?
4.这就是他们逃避对社会的责任的伎俩。(way; hide; 定语从句)
This is the way (that / in which) they hide from their responsibility to the society.
1、lay
vt. 产卵，下蛋；放置，摆设。
lie — lay — lain — lying
vi. 躺，位于，在于
lie — lied — lied — lying
vi. 说谎
lay — laid — laid — laying
vt. 放，搁，产卵，下蛋
①Lying on the grassland, we could feel the cool air blowing and watch the stars glittering in the sky.
躺在草地上，我们能感觉到凉风吹拂和看到天空闪闪发亮的星星。
②Lies cannot cover up facts.
谎言不能掩盖事实。
2、concern
n. 关心，关系，忧虑 vi. 与……相关，涉及，使关心
be concerned with与……相关
be concerned to do 认为做某事重要
as far as I'm concerned 在我看来
①There is a public concern about corruption.
公众对于腐败很关心。
②Don't interfere in what doesn't concern you.
不要干涉 / 影响与你无关的事。
③His job is concerned with computers.
他的工作和电脑有关。
concerned adj. 担心的，忧虑的，烦恼的
be concerned about / for / over 为……担心 / 忧虑 / 烦恼
④We are all concerned about/for/over your safety.我们都很为你的安全担心。
concerning prep. 关于
⑤We have a person who will be in charge of letters concerning public complaints.
我们有专人负责处理关于公众投诉的信件。
⑥He is now having a hard time, ____ about the problem ___ the public transportation of the city.
A. concerning； concerning
B. concerned； concerning
C. concerned； concerned
D. concerning； concerned
B 第一空是形容词短语充当原因状语，第二空为介词短语“关于”。
3、 prohibit
vt. 禁止；不准；妨碍；阻止,常与from连用.
①Smoking is strictly prohibited in the process of handling explosive materials.
在处理易爆物时，严格禁止吸烟。
②Shops are prohibited_from_selling cigarettes and wine to high school students.
商店是不准向中学生售卖香烟和酒的。
③Boats are prohibited from entering this area in order to keep the dolphins safe.
船只被禁止进入这一河段，以保护河豚的安全。
表示“禁止 / 阻止……做……”的句型还有：
prevent…(from) doing… / be prevented from doing…
stop…from doing… / be stopped from doing…
keep… from doing…
forbid / ban… from doing…
discourage…from doing…
④Some parents in the countryside keep their children ____ in the fields instead of going to school, but now some policies are being made to keep the parents ____ so.
A.from working； from doing
B. working； doing
C. working； from doing
D. from working； doing
C 第一空是keep sb. doing… 让某人(一直)做……；第二空是keep…from doing… 阻止……做……
1、in addition 另外，而且，用来表示递进关系。
in addition to… 除了……外。这是一个介词短语，其后要接名词、代词或动名词充当宾语。
①He can’t go out with you. Because he is busy with his homework. In addition, the weather is bad.
他不能和你外出。因为他正在忙于做作业，而且天气不好。
表示递进关系的词还有：besides, what’s more, moreover, still more, what’s better / worse, to make things better / worse等。
②____ giving a general introduction to computer, the course also provides practical experience.
A. In addition
B. Despite
C. In addition to
D. In spite of
C 这里为介词短语，表示“除了……”，而B、D项是表示“不顾”。
2、cut back on
削减，缩减，相当于cut down on。
Try to cut back on foods containing too much fat and sugar.
要尽量少吃脂肪和糖份含量过高的食品。
cut across
走捷径
cut away
切除，剪掉
cut in
插嘴，干预
cut off
切断，停掉
cut down
削减，砍倒
cut up
切碎
cut out
裁剪出；切掉
cut short
使停止,中断
3、see…as…
“将……视为”，其被动形式的短语形式为：be seen as…
①After his first novel was published, he was seen as one of the most outstanding new authors of his generation.
在他的第一部小说出版后不久，他就被视为他这一代最杰出的新秀作家之一。
②Seen_as_one_of_the_best_sellers,_the book will be published for a third time.
被看做是畅销书之一的这本书将第三次印刷。
常见的表示“把……当成 / 看成……”的短语有：regard…as…; consider… as / to be…; think / believe / suppose…as…; take…as…; have…as…; recognize…as…等。
4、keep…in mind
记住
①Students should keep in mind that they must study hard.
学生们应该记住必须要努力学习。
②Please keep what the teacher said in mind.
请把老师的话记在心上。
keep in touch with
与……保持联系
keep fit = keep health
保持健康
keep off the grass
勿踏草地
keep on
继续；保持
keep out
关在门外；不准入内
keep out of
躲开；置身于……之外
keep to
坚持；保持；不离开
keep up
继续；坚持；保持；维持
keep up with
跟上；不落后；赶上
汉译英
处理紧急情况时要牢记最重要的事情是要保持镇静。
The most important thing to keep in mind when dealing with an emergency is to stay calm.
5、hide from one’s responsibility to… 躲避某人对……的责任
take responsibility for…承担对……的责任
responsibility to sb. 中sb.是给你职位或职责的人
responsibility for sb. / sth. 是指sb. / sth. 为你要管理或服务的对象
responsible adj. 应承担责任的
be responsible for… 对……负责
response n. & v. 回应，反应
④ He feels as if he alone ____ what had happened.
A. is responsible to
B. should be responsible to
C. be responsible for
D. were responsible for
D as if后的从句可用虚拟语气，与现在事实相反时,be动词用were形式。
1、Then we will open the floor for discussion.
之后我们将展开自由讨论。
句中the floor为“发言权”，open the floor 进行 / 开始自由发言。
①After an hour's formal debate, the chair opened the floor and made a final discussion.
经过一个小时的正式辩论之后，主席发了言并作出了最终的裁决。
have the floor 有发言权
take the floor 站起来发言
floor的词义还有：全体与会者，议员席
②After they had each said a few words, Professor White took the floor.
他们各自说了几句话后，怀特教授开始发言。
③Are there any views or points on the floor?
会场上有无任何要求或建议？
2、I am talking to you today about the way large areas of the world are damaged by industrial waste.
我今天跟大家谈谈世界上大片区域是怎样受工业污染而被破坏的。
the way (that/in which)… ……的方法
通常先行词the way 在从句中充当方式状语的时候，其后定语从句的关系词用that / in which,也可以省略。
①The way (that / in which) they solved the problem was amazing.
他们解决这个问题的方法很奇妙。
另外，“做……的方法”还可用the way to do… / the way of doing…
②The first time (that) I saw you, you were reading under a tree.
我第一回见到你时，你正在树下读书。
the first / second / last time等充当先行词，在从句中充当状语时，定语从句的关系词选用that，而且也可以省略。
③They were used to the way ____ Mr. Smith told them to solve these problems.
A. of that
B. in which
C. how
D. which
D 该题中的先行词the way在定语从句中充当的是宾语而非状语。
3、 The world’s population has grown to more than six times what it was in 1800.
目前的世界人口与1800年相比已经增长到当时的6倍多。
population n. 人口，人口数；人，居民(集合名词)
population 表示“人口”时是不可数名词；表示“(某一地区的)全体居民”时是可数名词。
①The population of China is much larger than that of Japan.
中国人口比日本人口多得多。
②About 30 percent of the population in the village have been struck by the illness.
整个村庄约30%的人口受到这种病的侵袭。
(1) 表示“人口多/少”： a large / small population；
问一个地方的人口数：What is the population of…
表示一个地方拥有多少人口：has / with a population of…
(2) 复习表示“增长”、“减少”的一些表达方式：
表示增长到：grow to, increase to, rise to, climb to；
表示以……(程度 / 比例 / 比率)增长：grow / increase / rise / climb by…
表示减少到：fall / drop / decrease to…
表示以……(程度 / 比例 / 比率)减少：fall / drop / decrease by…
③This is a beautiful village with a
population of 300, and only 15% of them ____ to develop the village into a tourist resort.
A. little； agrees
B. little； agree
C. small； agree
D. small； agrees
C 第一空表示“人口少”，用small;第二空用复数谓语，是因为主语population在这里表示“村民”、“居民”。
④It is quite amazing that the income of the people in the city has ____ 60% in the last two years.
A. increased
B. risen by
C. decreased by
D. grown to
B 根据后面的百分比可知用介词by, 又根据其前面的amazing及全句的意思可知是“增长”了60%。。
4、 But I do agree that recycling may be the key to helping both sides.
但有一点我非常赞同：循环利用或许是对两者都有利的解决办法。
key “答案，解决办法”。句中的to为介词，其后接名词，代词，动名词充当宾语。
①In my opinion, the key to solving the problem is to cooperate rather than argue.
依我的观点，解决这个问题的办法就是合作，而不是争论。
下列词组中to为介词：
listen to；
refer to；
pay attention to；
look forward to；
belong to；
turn to;
devote…to…；
be limited to；
be resistent to；
be addicted to；
stick to；
lead to；
be used to；
be accustomed to；
get down to等。
②Thanks to the good agricultural policy, many city people are now planning to turn to ____ in the countryside to ____ their career.
A. investing； develop
B. invest； develop
C. investing； developing
D. invest； developing
A 第一空turn to doing…表示“转而做……”；第二空为不定式充当目的状语。