Unit 4 Helping people around the world Module6
热
点
单 词
1.cooperate v. 合作，协助 →cooperation n．合作 → cooperative adj.合作的，协作的
2.aware adj.意识到的，知道的 → awareness n．觉悟，意识
3.poor adj.贫穷的 → poverty n. 贫困，贫乏
4.access n. 通道入口 → accessible adj. 易达到的，易得到的
5.collect v. 收集，采集 → collection n．收集，收藏品 →collective adj. 集体的，共同的
6.occupy v. 占有，从事 → occupation n．工作，职业
7.commit v. 犯罪，犯错，托付，交付 → commitment; n. 承诺，义务 →committed adj.集体的，共同的
8.remind v．使想起 → Reminder n．提醒……的东西
1.Ladies and gentlemen, I have the honor of introducing our honored / honoured guests this evening.
honored / honoured 女士们，先生们，我很荣幸介绍我们今晚的贵宾。
2.Doctors had to operate on him and only the most skilled surgeon can perform this operation.
operation 医生不得不给他做手术，并且只有最老练的外科医生才能做此手术。
3.The old man volunteered to do voluntary work providing help for the community.
voluntary 那个老人自告奋勇地做义工，为社区提供帮助。
4.He gets frustrated when he can't win and it's frustration that makes me upset.
frustration 他赢不了的时候便垂头丧气，是那种让我感到不安的失望。
5.She is my comforter when I am upset. Her words make me feel comfortable.
comfortable 我失意时她安慰我，她的言语使我觉得很舒心。
根据中文填单词完成句子，每空一词(记忆时，用下列横线上的新单词造句记忆)
1.药物治疗终于开始对疟疾、伤寒和糖尿病显出效果。
The malaria, typhoid and diabetes is at last
responding to medication.
2.战争爆发使人们的生活处于混乱状态并导致他们失业。
The outbreak of the war put people's life in chaos and caused them out of occupation.
根据中文写出英文短语
1. 谈及；指称；参考
refer to
2. 给……做手术
operate on
3. 从一地到另一地
from place to place
4. 担当(某一角色)
take on
5. 值得做……
be worthy doing…
6. 吸引某人的注意力
draw one‘s attention
7. 在……的保护下
under the umbrella of
8. 提出，制定出
set out
9. 作为……的代表
on behalf of
10. 出故障；抛锚
break down
11. 处于混乱状态
in chaos
12. 得到；抓住
get hold of
13. 让人想起……，提醒某人…… remind sb. of…
14. 回想
think back to
15. 产生变化，发生改变
make a difference
1. Where there is…， there is… 哪里有……，哪里就有……
2. I feel very honored to… 我感到非常荣幸能……
3. As you know, … 如你所知，……
4. This will increase people's awareness of… 这会提高人们对……的意识。
5. Do…and you'll do… 如果你……，你将会……
同义转换
1.If there were no water, there would be no life. Without water ， there would be no life.
2.I didn't know his address, so I didn't write to him.
If I had known his address, I would have written to him.
3.It is said that he has invented a new machine.
He is said to have invented a new machine.
4.The imposter(冒名顶替者) seemed anxious to leave.
It seemed that the imposter was anxious to leave.
5.We study not only Chinese but also English.
We study English as well as Chinese.
We study English and Chinese as well.
Besides Chinese, we also study English.
We study both Chinese and English.
We study Chinese, and English,too.
1、face
v. 面对，面向；应对，大胆面对
①We feel warmer in winter because our house faces south.
因为我们的房子朝南，所以冬天感觉暖和一点。
②He faced_the_difficulty with courage.
他勇敢地应对了困难。
(1) be faced with… 面临，面对
③The whole world is_faced_with the economic crisis now.
现在全世界都面临着经济危机。
(2) face the music 承担批评，接受处罚
④They all ran away, so I had to face_the_music.
他们都跑了，所以我不得不挨罚。
(3) face up to… 敢于面对……
⑤You should face up to your responsibility.
你应该敢于承担你的责任。
(4) face n. 脸，面容，面孔
make a face 做鬼脸
save (sb.'s) face 保全(某人的)面子
lose (one's) face 有失面子
to one's face直接地，当着某人的面
⑥ ____ with the problems of my telephone addiction, I went to have a talk with a doctor.
A. To face
B. Faced
C. Facing
D. Face
B本题考查了过去分词短语充当原因状语，可补充为Because I was faced with the problem…
2、 remind
vt.
(1)“使想起”，后面可以跟从句，也常跟of引起的短语。
①What he had done reminded_me_of_the_days when I was in the army.
他所做的一切使我想起了我在部队的那些日子。
②They reminded me that they had promised to buy me a car.
他们使我想到，他们承诺过给我买车。
(2)“提醒”，跟带不定式的复合结构；也可以跟about或者of引起的短语。
③Be sure to remind her to come back early.
你一定要提醒她早点回来。
④We must send a letter to remind him of the deadline of the task.
我们必须写信提醒他任务的最后期限 。
⑤ He got a letter from his mother, which ____ him of his home.
A. remembered
B. forgot
C. thought
D. reminded
D 根据句意和宾语him后的of his home，只有动词remind后跟of引起的短语。
3 、 辨析 approach, means, way, method
(1) approach方法，方式；通常指抽象意义上的方法。结构为：approach ＋ to ＋ n. / doing。
(2) means (单复数同形)可以指人或物，其含义为“手段”或“工具”；这个词不仅用于具体的东西，也可以用于抽象的意念。
(3) way 是个通用的词。由于way常出现在许多固定的词组中，way往往是指可能性，而不是说明用什么方式；另外do sth. in this way 中的 way 即 method 的意思，但并不用 method。
(4) method 所表示的“方法”可以指做某件事的具体步骤或程序，也可以指抽象概念“条理”，多与with搭配。
with this method ＝ in this way＝ by this means 用这种方法
①There is no good approach to the problem.
在这个问题上没有什么好方法。
②Radio and television are important means of communication.
无线电和电视是重要的通信手段。
③She showed them the_way_to_do it.
她向他们示范做这件事的方法。
④The_teaching_method marked a new epoch in education.
这种教学方法标志着进入教育的新时代。
(1)mean to do (＝plan / intend to do…) 计划做……，打算做……
(2)mean (doing)… 意思是，意味着
(3)be meant / intended to do… 本意是做……
(4)mean adj. 低劣的；刻薄的；简陋的；吝啬的
⑤I have been meaning to phone you all the week.
一个星期来我一直想给你打电话。
⑥Refusing to fill in the form means giving up the chance.
拒绝填表就意味着放弃这次机会。
⑦The project is meant to help those who lost their homes in the earthquake.
本项工程是要帮助那些在地震中失去家园的人。
⑧Don't be so mean to your brother.
不要对你弟弟如此刻薄。
⑨The workers had to live in a small mean house.
工人们住在一个很小很破旧的房子里。
4、 lack
n. 缺乏，没有 (常与介词of连用)
①Many people can't afford to buy a house because of lack_of_money.
因为缺钱，许多人买不起房子。
vt. 缺乏，缺少，没有 (不用于被动语态) vi. 缺乏(＋in); 需要 (＋for)
②The plants lack_water;_please water them, or they'll die.
这些植物缺水；请浇水，否则它们会死的。
③He is young; he_is_still_lacking_in_experience.
他年轻，还缺少经验。
1、 go wrong (机器)出故障；犯错；遇到困难，出现问题。其中go为系动词，后接形容词，表示“变得”。go deaf / blind / pale / sour, etc. 变聋 / 瞎 / 苍白 / 酸等。
①The relationship started to go wrong when they moved abroad.
移居国外后，他们的关系开始出现问题了。
②As years pass by, my mother's hair has gone grey.
随着岁月的流逝，我妈妈的头发变得灰白了。
表示“变得”的系动词还有： become, turn, get, grow, fall, come等。
③It is getting dark; let's stop working.
天黑了，我们停止工作吧。
④It's already spring! You see, the leaves are turning green.
已是春天了！你瞧，树叶都变绿了。
⑤ All the people attending the victory ceremony ____ wild with excitement at the speech by Obama.
A. become
B. were turned
C. grew
D. had gone
C 注意本题所用的时态，根据句子的意思与语境，可知应该用一般过去时，选C。系动词没有被动语态，所以B项不正确。
2、work on
继续工作，从事
①It is known that this scientist has been working on this problem for about ten years.
人们知道，这位科学家研究这一问题已达10年之久。
work on 还可表示“奏效”、“激起”、“努力说服”等意思。
②Wine will work on his emotion.
酒会使他情绪激动。
(2) work out 算出，解答出；健身；结果等。
③I believe that you can work_out this problem by yourself.
我相信你能自己解答这道难题。
④We hadn't expected that our evening party could work out so well.
我们从没想到我们的晚会会是如此的成功。
⑤He goes to the gym to work_out every other day.
他每隔一天去体育馆健身一次。
⑥ Susan decided not to ____ the program at home because she didn’t want her parents to know what she was doing.
A. work at
B. work out
C. work on
D. work for
C 本句的意思是“苏珊决定不在家里做这个方案”，即work on 从事……；做……
3、look up
查找，抬头
①He looked up, but didn't see anything.
他抬头，却什么也没有看到。
②Can you look up the time of the next train?
你查一查下一班火车的时间好吗？
与look有关的词组：
look after
照管，照料
look at
看望，注视
look back
回顾，回头看
look down on
看不起，轻视
look for
寻找，寻求
look forward to
盼望，期待
look in
顺便看望
look into
调查，观察，过问，窥视
look on
旁观，观看；看待；视作
look out (for)
留神，注意，提防，警惕
look over
检查，查看，调查
look through
浏览，温习
look up
查阅；寻找(某人)
look up to
尊敬，敬仰
③— Is it good to ____ every word when I come across it in reading?
— No, you don’t have to because you are likely to guess the meaning from the context.
A. look into
B. look out
C. look up
D. look over
C 查找，查阅。
4、force sb. to do…
强迫某人做……
①Nobody can force me to do anything.
没有人能强迫我做任何事。
②He forced the little boy to open the door.
他迫使这个小男孩打开门。
(1) 表示“使某人做……”的表达方式还有：force sb. into doing…； make sb. do…； have sb. do…； do…by force等。同时，force sb. into / out of / onto…等，其后可直接跟名词。
③I managed to force the truth out of him.
我设法迫使他说出了真相。
④Two young men forced_me_into_their_car.
两个年轻人迫使我上了他们的车。
(2) political / economic forces 政治 / 经济力量
the forces of nature 大自然的力量
the force of gravity 地球引力
5、辨析 if only， only if
(1)if only 如果……多好，要是……就好了。常用虚拟语气。
①If only one had an unlimited supply of money.
要是能财源不断就好了。
(2)only if 只有当……，只有在……的时候。引导的是客观条件状语从句，若这个从句位于句首，主句需要用部分倒装语序。
②Only if I get a job in the summer will_I_have enough money to go on my education next term.
我只有在暑假打到一份工，下学期才会有足够的学费(上学)。
③The company will succeed only_if it can have sufficient backing.
只有当这家公司获得足够的资助，它才会成功。
④ ____ a teacher has given permission is a student allowed to enter the classroom.
A. If only
B. Only if
C. As if
D. Even if
B 根据后面的主句is a student allowed to…运用了倒装句可知，且全句的意思也是“只有当学生得到了老师的准许后才可以进入教室”。
6、break down
出毛病，不运转；(身体)垮掉；瓦解，破除;中止,分解
①The workers are having a rest, as the machine is broken_down.
由于机器出了故障，工人们暂时在休息。
②You will one day break down if you are always working so hard. 如果你总是如此辛勤地劳动，总有一天会病倒的。
break away
突然离开
break away from sb. 脱离,离开,背弃
break forth
迸发,爆发,发泄
break in
闯进,打断
break in/with/on
打断某人的谈话
break into…
闯入,侵占
break…into pieces
打碎
break off
折断,突然中断;脱落;断绝;解除
break…open
撬开
break out (战争、火灾等)突然发生，爆发；叫嚷；使做准备，取出，倒空
break through…
突破
break up
开垦,破碎,解散,分解
break with sb.
与某人断交
break sb.’s heart
使某人心碎
③ Plastics and other similar rubbish that doesn’t ____
may be thrown into the sea anywhere.
A. break down
B. break away
C. break off
D. break through
A 根据短语的意思以及句中的意思“那些不易分解 / 打碎的垃圾”可知break down 为最佳答案。
7、refer to 提到；涉及；描述；参考；归功于
to是介词，后接名词、代词或动名词。refer过去式、过去分词和现在分词形式是referred, referred; referring。
①When I said someone was not so clever, I didn't refer to_you.
我说某人不够聪明，我不是指你。
②I would like to comment on the aspect referred_to in your article.
我想就你文章中提到的那个方面作一评论。
③Some people refer all the troubles to bad luck instead of lack of ability.
一些人把所有的问题归因于运气不好而不是能力不足。
④He never refers_himself_to_us when he has difficulties.
他有困难时从不求助于我们。
⑤Once a decision has been made, all of us should ____ it.
A. direct to
B. stick to
C. lead to
D. refer to
B “决定一旦做出，我们所有人都应该坚持。”direct to“把(注意力、精力)贯注在……上”；stick to“坚持、忠于”；lead to“通向、导致”；refer to“指；涉及；查阅；针对；提交……作处理/决定；(把……)归因/归功于……；向……求助”。根据句意，选B。
⑥The president spoke at the business meeting for nearly an hour without ____ his notes.
A. bringing up
B. referring to
C. looking for
D. trying on
B 句意：总统没有看稿在商业会上演讲近一个小时。句中的refer to是“参考”的意思。
8、under the umbrella of
在……的保护下；在……的管理下
① The action was taken under the umbrella of the government.
这个行动是在政府的保护下进行的。
under
表示“处于……状态”
under way
在进行中
under construction
在建设中
under repair
在维修中
under control
在控制中
②____ the silence for the pauses, we could hear each other’s breathing and could almost hear our own heartbeats.
A. In
B. For
C. Under
D. Between
A 介词的固定搭配，意为“在短暂的沉默中”。
1、The UN is an international group made up of countries that want to increase peace, and I am very happy to have been chosen to be a Goodwill Ambassador for them.
联合国是一个国际组织，由所有愿意促进和平的国家组成，我很高兴入选联合国的一名亲善大使。
此句是一个由and连接起来的两个并列分句构成的复合句。第一个分句的主句是the UN is an international group, made up of countries…是动词过去分词作定语，修饰前面的international group; that want to increase peace是定语从句，修饰countries。
I am very happy to have been chosen to be a Goodwill Ambassador for them是第二个分句。to have been chosen为不定式的完成式的被动式。当主语与不定式动词有被动关系，且不定式所表示的动作又先于谓语动词动作发生时，动词不定式就要用完成体的被动式。
①The book is_said_to_have_been_translated_into many languages.
据说这本书被译成很多种语言。
②He is very sad to have lost four bikes in less than one year.
他因不到一年就丢了4部自行车而感到很伤心。
③ Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519) ____ birds kept in cages in order to have the pleasure of setting them free.
A. is said to be buying
B. is said to have bought
C. had said to buy
D. has said to have bought
B 句意：据说列奥纳多·达·芬奇将关在笼子里的鸟买下来，将鸟释放从而获得乐趣。不定式的完成式所表示的动作，通常在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生。
2、Watch any TV report on places where there is a war, and you will see soldiers wearing blue berets.
在发生战争的地方看电视报道，你会看到戴蓝色贝雷帽的士兵。
这是一个“祈使句＋and＋陈述句”的句型；这个结构中，前面的“祈使句”相当于if 引导的条件句，表示“要是……，(就会)……”，表示该条件一旦实现，必须出现某一结果。
①Think hard and/ then/ and then you’ll have a good idea.
＝If you think hard, you’ll have a good idea.
好好想想，你就会有好主意的。
(1)如果表示“该条件实现不了，会出现其他结果”时，则用“祈使句＋or/ otherwise ＋陈述句”。
②Hurry up, or/or else/otherwise you'll be late again. ＝ Unless you hurry up/If you don't hurry up, you will be late again.
快点！否则你会再次迟到的。
(2)“名词＋and＋陈述句”的结构，名词等于状语从句，表示条件或时间。
③A word, and he would lose his temper.
说一句，他就会发脾气的。
④ ____ the website of the Fire Department in your city, and you will learn a lot about firefighting.
A. Having searched
B. To search
C. Searching
D. Search
D 句意：在你们市消防部门的网站上搜索，你就会学到很多消防知识。根据and连接两个并列分句可知，and前面应该为一个祈使句，用动词原形。
⑤ ____ and I’ll get the work finished.
A. Have one more hour
B. One more hour
C. Given one more hour
D. If I have one more hour
B 此题是“名词＋and＋陈述句”句式，One more hour相当于If you give me one more hour。
3、It seems that many people here just need to talk, so I am finding that my job is not limited to being a nurse.
看起来这些人好像只需要说话，因此我发现我的工作不只局限为一名护士。
seem的基本意思是“似乎；好像；仿佛；看来”等，可作不及物动词或系动词。seem句型归纳如下：
(1) seem可与形容词、名词、不定式(短语)、分词及介词短语搭配。
①She seems quite happy today.
今天她似乎很高兴。
②That seems a good idea.
那似乎是个好主意。
③He seems_to_be_thinking_about something.
他似乎正在考虑某事。
④He seemed_pleased at what I said.
听了我的话，他似乎很高兴。
⑤They seemed in high spirits.
他们似乎情绪高涨。
(2) seem常用于it作形式主语的结构，即It seems / seemed that… 表示“看来……，似乎……”。
⑥It seems that nobody knew what had happened.
似乎没人知道发生了什么事。
(3) seem常用于由as if / though引导的从句中。在as if / though引起的从句中，如果说的是非真实的情况，从句谓语用虚拟语气；如果所述的情况实现的可能性较大，则从句的谓语常用陈述语气。
⑦It seems as if somebody is calling you.
好像有人在叫你。(陈述语气)
⑧It seems as though he were very stupid.
看来他似乎很笨。(虚拟语气)
(4) 用于There seems / seemed ＋ to be ＋ n．(主语)中。在这一结构中，seem表示“似乎有；看来有”。
⑨There_seems_to_be a lot of things to do.
＝It seems as if there were a lot of things to do.
似乎有很多事情要做。
这一结构的否定形式为“There seems / seemed to be ＋ no ＋ n．”或“There doesn't / didn't seem to be ＋ n．”。
⑩There doesn't seem to have been any difficulty on this question.
在这个问题上似乎没出现什么困难。
____ seems to be a strong competition in China for senior high students to be admitted into colleges or universities.
A. There
B. It
C. What
D. That
A 考查句子结构。此句将其简化之后，就显现出there be句型。在it seems to be 句型中，it是形式主语，而此句中没有做真正主语的成分。句意：在中国高中学生录取上大学似乎有很大的竞争。