答案 1./ [as引导的让步状语从句的名词前不加冠词。] 2.the [形容词或副词的最高级前用定冠词。] 3./ [名词的复数形式前不加冠词，表示泛指。] 4.a [由物质名词转为个体化的可数名词前加不定冠词表泛指。] 5.an [以元音开头的单词前，加不定冠词an，表示泛指。]
6.the [表示计量的名词前加定冠词the，若为抽象名词则不加定冠词，如by weight...] 7./ [球类运动前不加定冠词。] 8./ [表称谓的名词作表语，宾补或同位语时，不加冠词。] 9.a [a＋序数词表示“……分之一”。] 10.a [抽象名词具体化，可加不定冠词，如：a success一个失败的人(事)。]
Ⅲ.正反探究 1.【误】We stood at the top of the mountain the east of the city，watching a burning sun rising.
【正】We stood at the top of the mountain east of the city，watching a burning sun rising.
解析 定冠词用于介词短语中的方位名词前。注意：在没有介词的方位名词前，不用冠词。 2.【误】As a rule，the workers are paid by an hour.
【正】As a rule，the workers are paid by the hour.
解析 用于by the dozen/gallon/ ton/yard/ year/month/day/hour等结构中表示计量单位，意为“按/以……(卖/租/付款)”，常与buy，sell，rent，charge等动词连用。
3.【误】She is a newcomer to the chemistry but she has already made some important discoveries.
【正】She is a newcomer to chemistry but she has already made some important discoveries.
解析 学科名词前不用冠词。 4.【误】 We were in a such anxious rush when we left that we forgot the airline tickets.
【正】 We were in such an anxious rush when we left that we forgot the airline tickets.
解析 不定冠词常位于名词或名词修饰语前，但位于下列词之后：such，what，many，half。但是当名词前的形容词被副词 as，so，too，how，however，enough 修饰时，不定冠词应放在形容词之后。
5.【误】The cakes are delicious.He'd like to have the third one because the second one is rather too small.
【正】The cakes are delicious.He'd like to have a third one because the second one is rather too small.
解析 强调顺序时用定冠词；当不强调顺序，而是表示在原来的基础上增加，即“又，还，再”时，用不定冠词。
Ⅳ.考点确认 一、不定冠词的基本用法 1.用在第一次提到的人或物的名词前，表泛指。
At that time，I was working in a factory.The factory produces car parts.那时，我在一家工厂工作。那家工厂生产各种汽车部件。 2.泛指一类人或事物或指同类中的“一个”。
Experts think that the recently discovered painting may be a Picasso.专家们认为最近发现的那幅画可能是毕加索的作品。 3.表示“每”，相当于per，用在表示价格、速度、频率等短语中。
Prices start at ￡13.95 a yard for printed cotton.
印花棉布以每码13.95英镑的价格起售。
4.表示数量“一”(强调时用one)或“任何一个”。
Suddenly they heard a loud bang.
他们突然听到砰的一声巨响。 5.表示“某一个”，相当于a certain。
My sister was saved by a P.L.A. man in the fire.
一名解放军战士在大火中救了我姐姐。 6.表示“同一，相同”，相当于the same。
They happen to be of an age and wear clothes of a color.
他们碰巧同龄而且穿着同色衣服。
二、不定冠词用于固定搭配中 at a loss不知所措；困惑 have a word with与……谈话 all of a sudden突然 in a hurry匆忙的 in fact事实上 as a rule通常 be on a visit参观；拜访 as a matter of fact事实上 as a result因此 be on a diet节食 have a gift for在某方面有天赋 have/catch a cold感冒 make a living谋生 have/take a rest休息 in a way从某种意义上说 give sb a lift让某人搭便车 三、定冠词的基本用法 1.特指前面已提及的人或物，或双方都知道的人或物。
Take your time—it's just a short distance from here to the restaurant.不着急——从这里到那家餐馆只有很短的一段距离。 2.用于单数可数名词或形容词及分词前，表“一类人或物”。
The explosion saw people rush to help the injured.
爆炸发生后，人们赶到现场帮助受伤的人。
3.用于表示朝代、年代的名词前，或用于整十的数词复数前，表示某个年代。
It's said that corn was grown a lot in Tibet in the 17th century.
据说在十七世纪的时候玉米在西藏大量种植。 4.用于表示姓氏的复数名词前，表示“一家人”或“夫妇俩”。
The Smiths lived in the apartment above ours.
史密斯夫妇住在我们楼上的公寓里。
四、定冠词用于固定结构及固定短语中 1.常用固定结构
(1)用于“by＋the＋表示计量单位的名词”结构中，表示“按……计算”。
—It's said John will be in a job paying over $60，000 a year.
—Right，he will also get paid by the week.
——据说，约翰将获得一个年薪超过6万美元的工作。
——是的，他的工资将按周支付。
(2)用于“动词＋sb＋介词＋the＋身体某一部位”结构中。 His nose bled when the thief hit him in the face. 那个贼打到了他的脸，他鼻子出血了。 Next Annie took me by the hand and taught me how to hop and skip.接着，安妮牵着我的手，教我如何单足跳和蹦跳。 (3)用于the more...the more...(越……越……)结构中。 The more careful you are，the fewer mistakes you will make. 你越小心，就会越少犯错误。 2.定冠词用于固定短语中
at the moment此刻；目前
at the same time同时
not in the least一点也不
on the contrary相反
in the end最后，最终
on the whole总的来说
to tell the truth说实话 in the distance在远处 on the other hand另一方面
to the point中肯；切题 make the most/best of充分利用 by the way顺便说一下 go to the cinema/theater去看电影/戏剧 in the middle of在……中间
⊙怎么考 1.在语篇中考查冠词的基本用法和固定搭配。2.在某些名词的搭配中的特殊用法。 ⊙怎么学 在平时的学习中密切关注其用法，在阅读中细心品味。 ⊙怎么解 在解答冠词类试题时，要注意三大原则：一是判断表示泛指还是特指；二是判断空格后的名词是可数名词还是不可数名词；三是判断空格后的名词是抽象名词还是具体名词。
Ⅰ.体验考向 1.(2017·陕西卷，14)________ more learned a man is，________ more modest he usually becomes.
A.The；the
B.A；a
C.The；a
D.A；the
答案 A [考查固定搭配。句意：一个人的知识越是渊博，他通常就越谦虚。此处是“the＋比较级，the＋比较级”结构，表示“越……就越……”。]
2.(2017·四川卷，5)Brian is gifted in writing music；he is very likely to be________ Beethoven.
A.a
B.an
C.the
D./
答案 A [考查冠词。句意：Brian在创作音乐上极有天赋，他很有可能成为一个像贝多芬那样的人。不定冠词用在人名前，表示“一个像……那样的人”；又因Beethoven是以辅音音素开头的单词，故用a，故选择A。]
3.(2017·浙江卷，2)Jane's grandmother had wanted to write ________ children's book for many years，but one thing or another always got in ________ way.
A.a；/
B.the；the
C./；the
D.a；the
答案 D [考查冠词。句意：简的奶奶多年来一直想写一本儿童书籍，但总有这样那样的事情阻碍她不能实现。第一空表泛指，故用不定冠词a；第二空为固定表达in the way妨碍，阻碍。]
4.(2017·重庆卷，3)I just heard ________ bank where Dora works was robbed by ________ gunman wearing a mask.
A.the；/
B.a；/
C.the；a
D.a；the
答案 C [考查冠词。句意：我刚听说多拉工作的银行被一位蒙面持枪歹徒抢劫了。第一空为特指，表示“Dora工作的银行”；第二空为泛指，表示“一位”。]
5.(2017·重庆卷，6)I can't tell you ________ way to the Wilson's because we don't have ________ Wilson here in the village.
A.the；a
B.a；/
C.a；the
D.the；/
答案 A [考查冠词。句意：我无法告诉你去威尔逊家怎么走，因为我们村没有叫威尔逊的。由句意可知前者是特指，后者为泛指。]
6.(2017·浙江卷，2)The paper is due next month，and I am working seven days ________ week，often long into________night.
A.a；the
B.the；/
C.a；a
D./；the
答案 A [考查冠词。句意：这篇论文预计下个月写完，我一星期工作七天，经常熬到深夜。a week泛指一星期；第二空为习惯用法，如work into the night工作到深夜。]
7.(2017·江西卷，22)They chose Tom to be ________ captain of the team because they knew he was ________ smart leader.
A.a；the
B.the；the
C.the；a
D.a；a
答案 C [考查冠词用法。句意：因为他们知道汤姆是一位精明的领导，所以就选他当球队的队长。可知，第一空用定冠词是特指这个球队的队长，第二空用不定冠词表示泛指意义。]
8.(2017·陕西卷，9)________ village where I was born has grown into ________ town.
A.The；a
B.A；the
C.The；the
D.A；a
答案 A [考查冠词。句意：我出生的那个小村庄已经变成了一个城镇了。根据句意可知，“我出生的村庄”由定语从句修饰，表特指，用定冠词the；而第二空应是泛指。]
9.(2017·天津卷，8)Life is like ________ ocean：Only ________ strong-willed can reach the other shore.
A.an；the
B.the；a
C.the；/
D./；a
答案 A [考查冠词。句意：生活就像一个大洋，只有那些意志坚强者才能到达彼岸。此句中的ocean是可数名词且是第一次出现，故用an；第二个空中the＋adj.表示一类人，是定冠词的用法之一，故选A。]
10.(2017·新课标全国卷Ⅰ)India attained________independence in 1947，after________long struggle.
A./；a
B.the；a
C.an；/
D.an；the
答案 A [考查冠词用法。句意：印度在长期抗争后，于1947年获得独立。 attain independence获得独立，是零冠词用法；after a long struggle经过一段长时间的抗争，用不定冠词a表示数量。]
11.(2017·重庆卷)The parents were shocked by ________ news that their son needed ________
operation on his knee.
A.a；/
B.the；/
C.the；an
D.a；an
答案 C [考查冠词。句中的news指的是that从句的内容，所以此处的news是特指，故要用定冠词the；第二空处意为“需要做一次手术”，为泛指，故要用不定冠词。]
12.(2017·山东卷)It was________cold winter night and the moon was shining brightly across________night sky.
A./；a
B.a；the
C.the；a
D.the；/
答案 B [考查冠词。前面是泛指，所以选a, 因此只可能选B，而后面是sky，和sun，moon一样是独一无二的，所以选the。]
13.(2017·大纲卷)Four and________half hours of discussion took us up to midnight，and________break for cheese，chocolate and tea with sugar.
A.a；a
B.the；the
C./；the
D.a；/
答案 A [four and a half hours四个半小时，固定搭配；后一空a break表示休息一次。]
14.(2017·陕西卷)Marco Polo is said to have sailed on ________ Pacific Ocean on his way to Java in ________
thirteenth century.
A.the；a
B.a；/
C./；the
D.the；the
答案 D [句意：据说十三世纪时马可波罗曾经横渡太平洋前往爪哇。世界七大洲前不加the，而四大洋前需要加the。in the...century意为“在……世纪”。]
15.(2017·江西卷)Animals are obviously ________ lower form of life than ________ man.
A.a；/
B.the；the
C.a；the
D./；/
答案 A [本题考查冠词。man表示“人类”的意义时，前面不加冠词，排除B、C两项。form是可数名词，前面有形容词修饰时要加不定冠词，因此A项正确。句意：很明显，动物是低于人类的一种生命形式。]
Ⅱ.语境感悟 完成下面短文，然后朗读或背诵，在语境中体会冠词的用法。 __1__ child as he is，John knows that China is __2__ biggest country in the world.He likes staying at __3__ hotels.After drinking __4__ coffee and having __5__ egg which is sold by __6__ dozen，he played __7__ basketball in the playground to build up his strength.Because Dr.Peter，__8__ headmaster of his school，told him __9__ fifth of students want to study in China，studying Chinese is __10__ pleasure for him.