专题 虚拟语气
高考精萃
1．(2017·北京卷)We ________ (be) back in the hotel now if you didn't lose the map.
2．(2017·天津卷)________ (catch) the morning train, he would not have been late for the meeting.
3．(2017·重庆卷)It was John who broke the window. Why are you talking to me as if I ________ (do) it?
4．(2017·福建卷)________(be) there no modern telecommunications, we would have to wait for weeks to get news from around the world.
5．(2017·浙江卷)They were abroad during the months when we were carrying out the investigation, or they ________ (come) to our help.
6．(2017·安徽卷)People are recycling many things which they ________ (throw) away in the past.
7．(2017·湖南卷)If Mr. Dewey ________ (be) present, he would have offered any possible assistance to the people there.
8．(2017·陕西卷)We would rather our daughter ________ (stay) at home with us, but it is her choice, and she is not a child any longer.
9．(2017·北京卷)If we ________(book) a table earlier, we wouldn't be standing here in a queue.
10．(2017·天津卷)If he had spent more time practising speaking English before, he ________ able to speak it much better now.
11．(2017·安徽卷)I ________(go) to my cousin's birthday party last night, but I was not available.
12．(2017·陕西卷)My mom suggests that we ________ eat out for a change this weekend.
13．(2017·浙江卷)Eye doctors recommend that a child's first eye exam ________ at the age of six months old.
14．(2017·重庆卷)—It rained cats and dogs this morning. I'm glad we took an umbrella.
—Yeah, we would have got wet all over if we ________.
15．(2017·福建卷)—Do you think George has passed the driving test?
—No. If so, he ________(drive) his car to our college yesterday.
16．(2017·江苏卷)I should not have laughed if I ________(think) you were serious.
17．(2017·辽宁卷)Jack is a great talker. It's high time that he ________(do) something instead of just talking.
18．(2017·北京卷)Don't handle the vase as if it ________(be) made of steel.
19．(2017·天津卷)We would have called a taxi yesterday if Harold ________(offer) us a ride home.
20．(2017·山东卷)If we ________(make) adequate preparations, the conference wouldn't have been so successful.
21．(2017·陕西卷)If my car ________(be) more reliable, I would have driven to Lhasa instead of flying last summer.
22．(2017·安徽卷)Grace doesn't want to move to New York because she thinks if she ________(live) there, she wouldn't be able to see her parents very often.
23．(2017·湖南卷)Sorry, I am too busy now. If I ________(have) time, I would certainly go for an outing with you.
24．(2017·湖北卷)Had we not used an outofdate train schedule, we ________(miss) the train.
25．(2011·北京卷)—Where are the children? The dinner's going to be completely ruined.
—I wish they ________(be) always late.
26．(2011·北京卷)Maybe if I ________(study) science, and not literature then, I would be able to give you more help.
27．(2011·天津卷)I ________(come) sonner but I didn't know that they were waiting for me.
28．(2011·陕西卷)I ________(go) through that bitter period without your generous help.
29．(2010·天津卷)—John went to the hospital alone.
—If he ________(tell) me about it, I would have gone with him.
30．(2010·陕西卷)If we ________(take) the other road, we might have arrived here in time for the meeting.
答案与解析
1．should/could/would/might be 句意：如果你没有丢掉地图，我们现在就回到宾馆了。根据句意可知，if引导的从句是对过去事实的阐述，而主句表示与现在事实相反的虚拟，其谓语动词应为：would/should/could/might＋do结构。
2．Had he caught 句意：要是他赶上了早晨的火车，那他就不会开会迟到了。根据句意，此处是与过去事实相反的假设，条件状语从句应该用过去完成时。本题为省略if的虚拟条件句，应把助动词had提到句首，变为倒装句式。
3．had done 句意：是约翰打坏的窗户，你为什么和我说呢？好像是我打坏的一样。第一句已经说明是John打坏的窗户，所以第二句中as if后面要用虚拟语气，而且是对过去的虚拟，故填had done。
4．Were 句意：要是没有现代化的通讯工具，我们要等上几周才能获取世界各地的资讯。根据主句谓语结构would have to可知设空处表示与现在事实相反的假设，if条件从句谓语应为“动词的过去式”，即If there were...，在虚拟条件句中可以省略if，把were提到句首。
5．would have come 句意：我们在做调查的那几个月，他们在国外，否则他们会来给我们帮忙的。由句意可知设空处表示与过去事实相反的假设。
6．would have thrown 句意：人们现在回收的许多东西要是在以前就会被扔掉了。本题中定语从句部分为含蓄条件句，表示“要是过去的话，这些东西就会被扔掉了”。根据句意可知此处表示与过去事实相反的假设，故用would have done形式。
7．had been 句意：如果Dewey先生当时在场的话，他会为那里的人们提供任何可能的帮助。根据题干中的would have offered及上下文逻辑可知设空处与过去事实相反，故答案为had been。在虚拟语气中，如果条件从句和主句均与过去事实相反，条件从句谓语动词为：had＋过去分词，主句谓语动词为：would/should/could/might＋have＋过去分词。
8．stayed 句意：我们希望女儿待在家里和我们在一起，但这是她的选择，她不再是个孩子了。would rather... 表示“宁愿，希望”，其后的从句要用虚拟语气。表示与现在或将来事实相反的假设时，从句用一般过去时；表示与过去事实相反的假设时，从句用过去完成时。如：I'd rather I had not gone wrong yesterday.要是我昨天不出错就好了。
9．had booked 句意：如果我们早些订位子，现在也就不用站在这里排队了。分析语境可知，if引导的从句是与过去事实相反的假设，故用过去完成时。
10．would be 句意：如果他以前花更多的时间练习说英语，他现在就能说得更好些。本题为错综时间条件句，即if从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反。与现在事实相反的主句谓语部分为“would/should/could/might＋动词原形”。
11．would/should have gone 句意：我昨天晚上本来想要/本应该去我表兄的生日聚会，但是没有空。句中的时间状语last night明确表示应该是对过去事实的虚拟，故答案是would/should have gone。
12．should 句意：妈妈建议我们这个周末出去吃饭来换换口味。suggest作“建议”讲时，后面的从句要用虚拟语气，从句谓语动词用“(should＋)动词原形”形式。
13．(should)be 句意：眼科医生建议，孩子的第一次眼睛检查应该在6个月大时进行。recommend建议，其后的宾语从句中用should＋动词原形，且should可以省略。
14．hadn't 句意：——今天早上下了滂沱大雨。很高兴我们带了伞。——是的。要是我们没带的话就全身湿透了。与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，从句使用过去完成时。本题中if从句采用省略形式，补充完整后为：...if we hadn't taken an umbrella.
15．would have driven 句意：——你认为乔治通过驾照考试了吗？——没有。如果通过了，昨天他就会开车去我们大学了。由yesterday可知本句是与过去事实相反的假设，空格处应填主句的谓语动词，故用would have
driven。
16．had thought 句意：如果我(当时)认为你是认真的，我就不会笑了。主句中谓语动词使用should not have laughed，表明与过去的事实相反，从句谓语动词应该使用had done形式。
17．did/should do 句意：杰克是一个大空谈家，到他该做事情而不是空谈的时候了。根据虚拟语气句型It is high time that sb.did sth.或It is high time that sb.should do sth.(到某人该做某事的时候了)可得出答案。
18．were 句意：不要把那个花瓶当作是钢做的那样搬运。as if引导的是与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，谓语动词应用一般过去时，be动词用were。
19．hadn't offered 句意：昨天如果Harold不让我们搭车回家的话，我们就会叫出租车了。根据would have called及yesterday可知此句为与过去事实相反的假设，所以设空处为过去完成时，又根据句意得知此处应为否定，所以填hadn't offered。
20．hadn't made 句意：如果我们没有做好充分准备的话，会议就不会如此成功。分析句子结构可知本句是一个虚拟语气句式，根据主句中的wouldn't have been可知是对过去事情的虚拟，因此if条件从句要用had done 形式来表示对过去发生事情的虚拟。
21．had been 句意：如果我的车(性能)更可靠些的话，去年夏天我就开车去拉萨而不是坐飞机去了。根据语境可知题干为与过去事实相反的假设，if引导的条件从句应该使用过去完成时。
22．were to live/lived/should live 句意：格雷丝不想搬到纽约去，因为她认为如果她住在那里，她就不能经常见到父母了。主句说明了客观事实，if从句是对将来事实的假设，故在条件状语从句中用were to live/lived/should live。
23．had 句意：对不起，我现在太忙了。如果我有时间，一定会跟你去远足。根据前一句可知设空处是对现在的假设，故if从句谓语动词用过去式。
24．wouldn't have missed 句意：要不是用了一张过期的火车时刻表，我们就不会误了火车。表示与过去事实相反的假设，结合句意主句谓语动词应该用wouldn't have done 形式。
25．weren't 句意：——孩子们都到哪里去了？晚宴就要被他们给彻底破坏了。——我希望他们不要总是迟到。wish后跟that从句，从句部分采用虚拟语气。wish与be同时发生，再结合语境可知填weren't。
26．had studied 句意：也许如果当时我学习的是科学而不是文学的话，那么我现在就可以给你更多的帮助了。根据then一词可以确定此处表示与过去事实相反，if引导的从句部分用“had done”形式。
27．would have come 句意：我不知道他们一直在等我，否则，我就会快点来了。根据but后面内容可知设空处表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，其主句谓语动词形式：would/should/could/might have done。
28．couldn't/wouldn't have gone 句意：如果没有你的慷慨相助的话，我不可能熬过那段痛苦的时期。根据题干中的“that bitter period”可判断本句与过去事实相反的虚拟语气；without your generous help 相当于含蓄条件从句If there hadn't been your generous help；主句部分采用couldn't/wouldn't have done 结构。
29．had told 句意：——约翰一个人去了医院。——他那时要是告诉我，我就陪他去了。根据would have gone 得知本句是与过去事实相反的假设，所以设空处应填had told。
30．had taken 句意：如果我们走另一条路，我们可能就会及时到这儿参加会议了。根据句意及后边主句谓语might have arrived 可知if 从句表示与过去事实相反的假设，故if 从句谓语动词用过去完成时形式。
模拟精选
1．(2017·杭州高考科目教学质检)The voluntary service saved you a sum of money that you otherwise ________ (spend) on the agency responsible for finding your pets.
2．(2017·河南洛阳统考)No sooner had the words been spoken than he realized that he ________(remain) silent.
3．(2017·福州质量检测)—What if you ________(forget) to send an essay with your application?
—I would have been rejected.
4．(2017·陕西质量检测一)We are close friends. We ________ (face) the problem together, but why didn't you let me know?
5．(2017·河北唐山统考)It was suggested that an armed guard ________(stand) in readiness, protecting the president.
6．(2017·北京东城统一检测)—Do you like the school?
—Yeah. I only wish the classes ________(be) a little smaller.
7．(2017·浙江金丽衢十二校第二次联考)The upset mother thought to herself, “If only I ________(know) what's going on in my little boy's head right now.”
8．(2017·安徽安庆二模)Had Yeats stopped writing at age 40, probably he ________(be) valued as a minor poet now.
9．(2017·辽宁沈阳一模)—It ________(be) cool if I won this contest. I don't think I'm good enough, though.
—Give it a shot. You never know.
10．(2017·辽宁大连三中期末)—Did you make it at last?
—Yes. But for your help, it ________ (cause) a serious loss.
11．(2017·湖南湘中名校一联)—Max looks nervous.
—So ________ you if you had so fierce a competiton.
12．(2017·浙江湖州八校二次联考)—It's a shame that you missed the lecture on the British culture given by Thompson.
—I ________(attend) it, but I was busy preparing for the coming exam.
13．(2017·湖南师大附中一次月考)They could have escaped from the big fire, but unfortunately, someone ________ (lock) the door.
14．(2017·湖南衡阳八中月考)—Our company will organize a trip to Hong Kong next month. I am taking my mother there.
—I'd rather you ________(do). After all she has just recovered from her illness and she still feels weak.
15．(2017·湖南长沙雅礼中学月考)We ________(finish) the project on time without your timely help.
16．(2017·辽宁大连双基测试)If the world had ended on Dec. 21st, 2017, we ________ (be) able to enjoy the wonderful life now.
17．(2017·吉林延吉质检)The Antarctic is so mystically described by some people. If only I ________(be) there before!
18．(2017·北京东城一模)I wish I ________(share) the car journey home with my friends. Now they are watching the football match at home.
19．(2017·辽宁大连二十四中期末)—Mum, can I watch the TV program for another twenty minutes?
—Sorry, dear, it's time you ________(go) to bed.
20．(2017·安徽名校联考)I can't thank you too much for your help. Without it I ________(succeed) in finding my lost son.
答案与解析
1．would have spent 句意：本来你要花一大笔钱给负责帮你找宠物的那家机构的，(但)这个志愿者服务机构帮你省下了这笔钱。根据主句的时态和句中的otherwise 判断，这里表示与过去事实相反的假设，定语从句中用would have done 表示“本来要做某事”。
2．should have remained 句意：这些话刚一说出口，他就意识到自己本该保持沉默的。由句意可知，此处是对已经发生的动作的虚拟，故用should have done，表示“本该做(但没有做)某事”。
3．had forgotten 句意：——如果你在寄申请的时候忘记发送一篇论文会怎么样？——我会被拒绝的。根据答语可知，问句表示与过去事实相反的假设，故应用过去完成时。
4．should have faced 句意：我们是好朋友，本该一起面对这个问题的，可是你为什么不告诉我？题干中的but表明这里说的是与过去事实相反的假设，故用should have faced。
5．(should) stand 此处suggest 表示“建议”，此时that 引导的宾语从句应用虚拟语气，谓语动词用“should＋动词原形”，且should 可以省略。
6．were 句意：——你喜欢这个学校吗？——是的。我只希望我们的班级小一些。在wish 后的宾语从句中，谓语动词要用虚拟语气，此处表示对现在情况的一种假设，谓语动词要用过去式。
7．knew if only 表示“要是……就好了”，谓语动词使用虚拟语气。根据“right now”可知，此处表示对现在的虚拟，因此谓语动词用过去式。
8．would be 句意：假设Yeats 在40岁时就不写诗了，那么现在他或许就会被评价为一位名不见经传的诗人了。从句意看，状语从句叙述的是与过去事实相反的假设，从句使用了过去完成时，而主句的时间状语now 表示这里叙述的是与现在事实相反的结果，应用“would＋动词原形”。
9．would be 句意：——我要是能赢这场比赛就太好了。但是我想我不够出色。——试试看，很难说。通过句意和won得知，本句为表示将来的虚拟，所以设空处填would be。
10．would/could have caused 句意：——最后你成功了吗？——是的，要不是你的帮助，将/可能会有很大的损失。本句为与过去事实相反的假设，所以可用should/would/could/might have done 的形式。但should常用于第一人称，might 常用于可能性很小。
11．would 句意：——马克斯看上去很紧张。——如果是你参加这么激烈的比赛，你也会紧张的。本句中主句和if 条件从句都表示和现在事实相反的假设，可改为：You would also look nervous if you had so fierce a competiton.然后考虑采用“so＋be动词/助动词/情态动词＋主语”句型替换主句形式。
12．would/should have attended 句意：——真遗憾你错过了汤普森所作的有关英国文化的讲座。——我本想/应该参加的，但是我正忙于准备即将到来的考试。根据题干中的was busy 可知设空处表示与过去事实相反，故答案为would/should have attended。
13．had locked 句意：他们本可以从大火中逃出来，但不幸的是，有人把门锁上了。根据题干中“could have escaped”可判断该句为与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，故设空处表示过去；lock 先于could have escaped，即表示“过去的过去”，故用过去完成时态。
14．didn't 句意：——我们公司下个月将组织到香港旅游，我打算带我妈妈去那里。——我宁可你不带她，毕竟她刚刚从病中恢复，身体还很虚弱。would rather 接从句的时候，从句的谓语用一般过去时表示对现在或将来的虚拟。
15．wouldn't/couldn't have finished 句意：如果没有你的及时帮助，我们就不能按时完成那项工程了。without your timely help 相当于含蓄条件从句，即if it hadn't been for your timely help，是和过去事实相反的虚拟语气，故句子谓语动词用wouldn't/couldn't have done 形式。
16．wouldn't be 句意：如果世界在2017年12月21日灭亡了的话，我们现在就不会享受精彩的生活了。if 从句与过去事实相反，而主句与现在事实相反，故答案为wouldn't be。
17．had been 句意：南极地区被一些人描述得很神奇。我要是去过那里就好了！If only＋句子(过去完成时)，表示与过去相反的假设。
18．had shared 句意：我要是和朋友拼车回家就好了。现在他们都在家看足球赛了。在I wish 后的宾语从句中，如果表示与过去事实相反的假设，时态要用过去完成时。
19．went/should go 句意：——妈妈，我可以再看20分钟电视节目吗？——对不起，宝贝，你该睡觉了。根据it's time that＋从句(did/should do)可知填went/should go。
20．wouldn't/couldn't have succeeded 句意：我对你的帮助怎么感谢也不为过。没有你的帮助，我就找不到丢失的儿子。can't 与 too/too much/enough 连用，意为：再……也不为过。根据句意可知空处为与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，其谓语的形式为：would/could＋have＋过去分词。
创新预测
1．The doctor recommended that you ________ not swim after eating a large meal.
2．If only I ________(have) more confidence in the English speech contest held last week!
3．How I wish I ________(be) free now!
4．________ it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge.
5．If I were young, I ________(take) part in this camp.
6．My teacher urged I ________(keep) a diary to improve my writing skills.
7．I'd rather he ________(go) to the seaside with me the day before yesterday.
8．My suggestion is that we ________ (put) up our tents before dark.
9．It's vital that we ________(take) our safety driving along the road seriously.
10．It's high time that she ________(get) down to writing her graduation paper.
11．—We had great fun on the beach last weekend.
—Really? How I wish I ________ (go) there with you.
12．If my father ________ (be) here yesterday, he would have stopped me from going surfing.
13．My sister insisted I ________ (accompany) her to the supermarket.
14．But for her timely help, I ________ (drown) in the river.
15．I was too busy with my coming exam. Otherwise, I ________ (attend) your birthday party.
16．I made a suggestion that he ________ (set) aside some money for later use.
17．We were caught in the heavy rain. If only we ________ (stay) at home.
18．If he had seen the film, he ________ (tell) me about it.
19．The teacher recommended I ________ (pay) attention to protecting my eyesight.
20．My grandmother required that I ________ (form) the good habit of being polite.
答案与解析
1．should recommend 后的宾语从句用虚拟语气(should)do。
2．had had If only 与虚拟语气连用，表示与过去事实相反用过去完成时。
3．were I wish 与虚拟语气连用，表示与现在事实相反用一般过去时，be 动词一律用were。
4．Should 虚拟条件句用should do，省略if, should 提到句首，意为“万一”。
5．would take 虚拟条件句表示与现在事实相反，从句用一般过去时，主句用would do。
6．(should) keep urge 后的宾语从句用虚拟语气(should)do。
7．had gone I'd rather... 从句中用虚拟语气，表示与过去事实相反，用过去完成时。
8．(should)put suggestion 等后的同位语从句或表语从句中用虚拟语气(should)do。
9．(should)take It's vital that... 从句中用虚拟语气(should)do。
10．got/should get It's(high) time that... 从句中用虚拟语气表示与现在事实相反用一般过去时或should do，should 不可以省略。
11．had gone I wish 后的宾语从句用虚拟语气，表示与过去事实相反，用过去完成时。
12．had been 虚拟条件句表示与过去事实相反时，从句用过去完成时，主句用 would have done。
13．(should) accompany insist 意为“坚持要求”时，其后从句用虚拟语气(should) do。
14．would have been drowned but for...与虚拟语气连用，表示与过去事实相反，用 would have (been) done。
15．would have attended otherwise 与虚拟语气连用，表示与过去事实相反，用 would have done。
16．(should) set suggestion 后的同位语从句用虚拟语气(should) do。
17．had stayed if only 与虚拟语气连用，表示与过去事实相反，用过去完成时。
18．would have told 虚拟条件句与过去事实相反，主句用 would have done。
19．(should) pay recommend 后的宾语从句用虚拟语气(should) do。
20．(should) form require 后的宾语从句用虚拟语气(should) do。