专题十 阅读理解
一、记叙文
高考精萃
Passage 1
(2017·四川卷)
In 1943, when I was 4, my parents moved from Coeur d'Alene, Idaho, to Fairbanks,
Alaska, where adventure was never very far away.
We arrived in the summer, just in time to enjoy the midnight sun. All
that
sunlight
was
fantastic
for
Mom's vegetable garden. Working in the garden at midnight tended to throw her timing off,
so she didn't care much about my bedtime.
Dad was a Railway Express agent and Morn was his clerk. That left me in a mess. I usually managed to find some trouble to get into. Once I had a little fire going in the dirt basement of a hotel. I had tried to light a barrel(桶) of paint but couldn't really get a good fire going. The smoke got pretty bad, though, and when I made my exit, a crowd and the police were there to greet me. The policemen took my matches and drove me home.
Mom and Dad were occupied in the garden and Dad told the police to keep me, and they did! I had a tour of the prison before Morn rescued me. I hadn't turned 5 yet.
As I entered kindergarten, the serious cold began to set in. Would it surprise you to know that I soon left part of my tongue on a metal handrail at school?
As for Leonhard Seppala, famous as a dog sledder (驾雪橇者), I think I knew him well because I was taken for a ride with his white dog team one Sunday.
At the time I didn't realize what a superstar he was, but I do remember the ride well. I was wrapped (包裹)heavily and well sheltered from the freezing and blowing weather.
In 1950, we moved back to Coeur d'Alene, but we got one more Alaskan adventure when Leonhard invited us eight years later by paying a visit to Idaho to attend a gathering of former neighbors of Alaska.
1．What can be inferred about the author's family?
A. His father was a cruel man.
B. His parents didn't love him.
C. His parents used to be very busy.
D. His mother didn't have any jobs.
2．What happened when the author was 4?
A. He learned to smoke.
B. He was locked in a basement.
C. He was arrested by the police.
D. He nearly caused a fire accident.
3．Which of the following is true?
A. Leonhard was good at driving dog sleds.
B. The author spent his whole childhood in Alaska.
C. Leonhard often visited the author's family after 1950.
D. The author suffered a lot while taking the dog sled in Alaska.
4．What is the author's purpose of writing the text?
A. To look back on his childhood with adventures.
B. To describe the extreme weather of Alaska.
C. To express how much he misses Leonhard.
D. To show off his pride in making trouble.
答案与解析
作者四岁的时候，一家人搬到了阿拉斯加州居住。在这个天寒地冻的地方，作者经历过很多的冒险和奇遇，这些成为作者日后难忘的回忆。
1．C 推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句、第三段的前两句和第四段第一句可推断出，作者小时候，父母总是很忙，根本没有时间照顾他。
2．D 细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知，喜欢惹是生非的作者有一天差点引发一场火灾。
3．A 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段第一句中的定语“famous as a dog sledder”可知，莱昂纳德擅长驾驶狗拉的雪橇。
4．A 主旨大意题。作者通过写这篇文章主要回忆了自己小时候在阿拉斯加州居住时那些充满冒险和奇遇的童年故事。
Passage 2
(2017·重庆卷)
One moment it was quiet and calm in the forest, the next, the air was charged with tension. The elephant had heard the distant alarm calls of animals and her mood suddenly changed. I urged the elephant deeper into the forest. We sounded like a forest fire—crackling，snapping，trailblazing. But through all the noise came a sharp warning cry. The elephant stopped and we heard it again—the telltale call of a spotted deer.
I looked quickly around the shadows of the forest. Rays of sunlight shone through tree branches, beneath which the patchwork(交错) of green plants and shadowswithinshadows would make tiger stripes (条纹) look more attractive. Apart from an occasional noise from the elephant's stomach, the forest was silent.
Gradually, the tension slipped from our bodies. The elephant seized a nearby branch and put it into her mouth. I reached forward and gently moved my hand over the elephant's neck；there was a soft part, free of wrinkles and hairs, behind her ear.
This was my fourth time to_sense_the_aura of the forest in Corbett，although I saw no tigers in the end. Located at the foot of the Himalayan mountains，Corbett is home to about 135 Bengal tigers, but the forest seemed to be guarding their whereabouts(出没处), a silent reminder of their secrecy and rarity. Still，I was happy enough touching the elephant behind the ear. If I had so desperately wanted to see a tiger，I could have gone to a zoo. After all，spotting tigers merely confirms their beauty; tracking them can make you aware of something more.
1．Which of the following was a clear signal of alarm?
A. The elephant stopped.
B. A spotted deer called.
C. The elephant seized a branch.
D. The forest was silent for a while.
2．The author begins his account of the tour in the forest mainly by ________.
A. describing various sounds
B. comparing different animals
C. listing different activities
D. introducing various plants
3．What does the underlined part “to sense the aura” most probably mean?
A. To see the diversity.
B. To enjoy the scenery.
C. To feel the atmosphere.
D. To experience the freedom.
4．How does the author feel after several visits to Corbett?
A. Seeing a Bengal tiger is quite thrilling.
B. It is very timeconsuming to travel in Corbett.
C. It is really worthwhile to study the animals in Corbett.
D. The process of finding Bengal tigers is most appealing.
答案与解析
作者去科比特国家公园寻找孟加拉野生虎，虽然这一过程充满了危险、神秘和惊悚，而且毫无结果，但是作者却乐此不疲，觉得寻找老虎的过程最有趣。
1．B 细节理解题。根据第一段倒数第二句中的“a sharp warning cry”以及it 所指代的“the telltale call of a spotted deer”可知梅花鹿的叫声是一种警告的信号。
2．A 细节理解题。根据第一段内容可知，作者主要是通过描述各种各样的声音开始讲述他的森林之旅的。
3．C 推理判断题。根据上文，特别是第一、二段可推断出，画线部分指的是“感觉到那种氛围”。
4．D 推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“After all, spotting tigers merely confirms their beauty; tracking them can make you aware of something more.” 可推断出，作者觉得发现孟加拉虎的过程最吸引人。
Passage 3
(2017·山东卷)
It was one of those terribly hot days in Baltimore. Needless to say, it was too hot to do anything outside. But it was also scorching in our apartment. This was 1962, and I would not live in a place with an air conditioner for another ten years. So my brother and I decided to leave the apartment to find someplace indoors. He suggested we could see a movie. It was a brilliant plan.
Movie theaters were one of the few places you could sit all day and—most important—sit in air conditioning. In those days, you could buy one ticket and sit through two movies. Then, the theater would show the same two movies again. If you wanted to, you could sit through them twice. Most people did not do that, but the manager at our theater, Mr. Bellow, did not mind if you did.
That particular day, my brother and I sat through both movies twice, trying to escape the heat. We bought three bags of popcorn and three sodas each. Then, we sat and watched The Music Man followed by The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance. We'd already seen the second movie once before. It had been at the theater since January, because Mr. Bellow loved anything with John Wayne in it.
We left the theater around 8, just before the evening shows began. But we returned the next day and saw the same two movies again, twice more. And we did it the next day too. Finally, on the fourth day, the heat wave broke.
Still, to this day I can sing half the songs in The Music Man and recite half of John Wayne and Jimmy Stewart's dialogue from The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance! Those memories are some of the few I have of the heat wave of 1962. They're really memories of the screen, not memories of my life.
1．In which year did the author first live in a place with an air conditioner?
A．1952.B．1962.
C．1972.
D．1982.
2．What does the underlined word “It” in Paragraph 3 refer to?
A．The heat.
B．The theater.
C．The Music Man.
D．The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance.
3．What do we known about Mr. Bellow?
A．He loved children very much.
B．He was a fan of John Wayne.
C．He sold air conditioners.
D．He was a movie star.
4．Why did the author and his/her brother see the same movies several times?
A．The two movies were really wonderful.
B．They wanted to avoid the heat outside.
C．The manager of the theater was friendly.
D．They liked the popcorn and the soda at the theater.
5．What can we learn from the last paragraph?
A．The author turned out to be a great singer.
B．The author enjoyed the heat wave of 1962.
C．The author's life has been changed by the two movies.
D．The author considers the experience at the theater unforgettable.
答案与解析
本文为记叙文。1962年天气炎热，家中没有空调，作者与其弟弟两人来到电影院看电影躲避酷暑。
1．C 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“This was 1962, and I would not live in a place with an air conditioner for another ten years.”可知，那年是1962年，作者在没有空调的房子里又生活了十年。所以可以得知，作者第一次生活在有空调的屋子里应是1972年。
2．D 代词指代题。根据文章第三段中“Then, we sat and watched The Music Man follwed by The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance. We'd already seen the second movie once before.”可知，画线词it 指的是上文提到的电影The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance，故D项正确。
3．B 细节理解题。根据文章第三段最后一句“It had been at the theater since January, because Mr. Bellow loved anything with John Wayne in it.”可知他是约翰·韦恩的一位影迷。故B项正确。
4．B 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段最后一句“Finally, on the fourth day, the heat wave broke.”以及第二段第一句和第三段第一句可知，他们反复看同样的影片，就是为了在电影院避暑。故B项正确。
5．D 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段所述内容可知，直到今天，当时的情景历历在目，甚至其中的一些台词作者都能背诵。因此可以看出，这段经历对作者来说是难忘的。故D项正确。
Passage 4
(2017·福建卷)
It was Mother's Day morning last year and I was doing shopping at our local supermarket with my fiveyearold son, Tenyson. As we were leaving, we found that only minutes earlier an elderly woman had fallen over at the entrance and had hit her head on the concrete. Her husband was with her, but there was blood everywhere and the woman was embarrassed and clearly in shock.
Walking towards the scene, Tenyson became very upset about what had happened to the couple. He said to me, “Mum, it's not much fun falling over in front of everyone.”
At the front of the supermarket, a charity(慈善) group had set up a stand selling cooked sausages and flowers to raise funds. Tenyson suggested that we should buy the lady a flower. “It will make her feel better，” he said. I was amazed that he'd come up with this sweet idea. So we went over to the flower seller and asked her if we could buy a flower for the lady to cheer her up. “Just take it，”she replied. “I can't take your money for such a wonderful gesture.”
By now paramedics(急救人员) had arrived, and were attending to the injured woman. As we walked up to her, my son became intimidated by all the blood and medical equipment. He said he was just too scared to go up to her.
Instead I gave the flower to the woman's husband and told him, “My son was very upset for your wife and wanted to give her this flower to make her feel better.”
At that, the old man started crying and said, “Thank you so much, you have a wonderful son. Happy Mother's Day to you.”
The man then bent down and gave his wife the flower, telling her who it was from. Though badly hurt and shaken, the old lady looked up at Tenyson with love in her eyes and gave him a little smile.
1．What does the author intend to tell us?
A．One can never be too careful.
B．Actions speak louder than words.
C．Love begins with a little smile.
D．A small act of kindness brings a great joy.
2．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A．The elderly woman was knocked down by Tenyson.
B．Tenyson's idea of buying a flower gained his mother's support.
C．Tenyson's care for the elderly woman puzzled the flower seller.
D．The elderly woman was moved to tears by Tenyson's gesture.
3．The underlined word “intimidated” in the fourth paragraph probably means “________”．
A．astonished
B．struck
C．frightened
D．excited
4．What would be the best title for the passage?
A．Flower Power
B．Mother's Day
C．An Accidental Injury
D．An Embarrassing Moment
答案与解析
在母亲节这天，儿子为在超市门前摔倒的老妇人买花以使她感觉好点，这个小小的善举让我们体会到爱无处不在。
1．D 目的意图题。本文主要介绍的是儿子细小的善举为老妇人带来了快乐，故选D项。A项“一个人越小心越好”；B项“行动胜过语言”；C项“爱始于微笑”；D项“小小善举能带来快乐”。
2．B 细节理解题。根据第三段“So we went over to the flower seller and asked her if we could buy a flower for the lady to cheer her up.”可知小男孩的举动得到了妈妈的支持。根据第一段第二句可知A项错误；根据第三段最后一句可知C项错误；根据最后一段可知D项错误。
3．C 词义猜测题。根据下文“He said he was just too scared to go up to her.”可知此处intimidated 应是“害怕”，故选C项。
4．A 文章标题题。本文主要介绍的是儿子提议为在超市门前摔倒的老妇人买一束花以便使她心情好起来和这一善举的影响的故事，故最佳标题是A项“花的力量”。B项“母亲节”；C项“意外伤害”；D项“尴尬时刻”均不符合题意。
Passage 5
(2017·山东卷)
One morning, Ann's neighbor Tracy found a lost dog wandering around the local elementary school. She asked Ann if she could keep an eye on the dog. Ann said that she could watch it only for the day.
Tracy took photos of the dog and printed off 400 FOUND fliers(传单), and put them in mailboxes. Meanwhile，Ann went to the dollar store and bought some pet supplies, warning her two sons not to fall in love with the dog. At the time, Ann's son Thomas was 10 years old, and Jack，who was recovering from a heart operation，was 21 years old.
Four days later Ann was still looking after the dog，whom they had started to call Riley. When she arrived home from work，the dog threw itself against the screen door and barked madly at her. As soon as she opened the door, Riley dashed into the boys' room where Ann found Jack suffering a heart attack. Riley ran over to Jack，but as soon as Ann bent over to help him the dog went silent.
“If it hadn't come to get me, the doctor said Jack would have died，”Ann reported to a local newspaper. At this point，no one had called to claim the dog, so Ann decided to keep it.
The next morning Tracy got a call. A man named Peter recognized his lost dog and called the number on the flier. Tracy started crying, and told him，“That dog saved my friend's son.”
Peter drove to Ann's house to pick up his dog, and saw Thomas and Jack crying in the window. After a few moments Peter said, “Maybe Odie was supposed to find you，maybe you should keep it.”
1．What did Tracy do after finding the dog?
A. She looked for its owner.
B. She gave it to Ann as a gift.
C. She sold it to the dollar store.
D. She bought some food for it.
2．How did the dog help save Jack?
A. By breaking the door for Ann.
B. By leading Ann to Jack's room.
C. By dragging Jack out of the room.
D. By attending Jack when Ann was out.
3．What was Ann's attitude to the dog according to Paragraph 4?
A. Sympathetic.
B. Doubtful.
C. Tolerant.
D. Grateful.
4．For what purpose did Peter call Tracy?
A. To help her friend's son.
B. To interview Tracy.
C. To take back his dog.
D. To return the flier to her.
5．What can we infer about the dog from the last paragraph?
A. It would be given to Odie.
B. It would be kept by Ann's family.
C. It would be returned to Peter.
D. It would be taken away by Tracy.
答案与解析
本文为记叙文。主要讲述翠西发现一条流浪的小狗，嘱咐安照看一下。有一次小狗救了安的儿子杰克。最终感动了它原来的主人，答应让它留在安家。
1．A 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“She asked Ann if she could keep an eye on the dog.”以及第二段第一句可知，当翠西发现小狗之后，想让安帮忙照看，而她给狗拍照并印发传单投入邮箱，故只有A项正确。
2．B 细节理解题。根据第三段第二、三句可知，当安回家时，小狗朝她叫，然后冲到男孩们的房间，在那里安发现杰克的心脏病犯了。
3．D 推理判断题。根据文章第四段安跟当地报纸说如果不是这条狗引导她进入杰克的房间，杰克就没命了。由此可知安对这条狗是怀有感激之情的，故D项正确。
4．C 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段第一句“Peter drove to Ann's house to pick up his dog...”可知彼得开车来到安家来认领他的狗。因此C项正确。
5．B 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中“...Peter siad, ‘Maybe Odie was supposed to find you, maybe you should keep it.’”可知，彼得最终让这条狗留在了安家。故B项正确。
Passage 6
(2017·重庆卷)
I was never very neat, while my roommate Kate was extremely organized. Each of her objects had its place, but mine always hid somewhere. She even labeled (贴标签 ) everything. I always looked for everything. Over time, Kate got nearer and I got messier. She would push my dirty clothing over, and I would lay my books on her tidy desk. We both got tired of each other.
War broke out one evening. Kate came into the room. Soon, I heard her screaming, “Take your shoes away! Why under my bed！” Deafened, I saw my shoes flying at me. I jumped to my feet and started yelling. She yelled back louder.
The room was filled with anger. We could not have stayed together for a single minute but for a phone call. Kate answered it. From her end of the conversation, I could tell right away her grandma was seriously ill. When she hung up, she quickly crawled (爬) under her covers, sobbing. Obviously, that was something she should not go through alone. All of a sudden, a warm feeling of sympathy rose up in my heart.
Slowly, I collected the pencils, took back the books，made my bed, cleaned the socks and
swept the floor, even
on her side. I got so into my work that I even didn't notice Kate had sat up. She was watching, her tears dried and her expression was one of disbelief. Then, she reached out her
hands to grasp mine. I looked up into her eyes. She smiled at me, “Thanks.”
Kate and I stayed roommates for the rest of the year. We didn't always agree, but we learned the key to living together: giving in, cleaning up and holding on.
1．What made Kate so angry one evening?
A．She couldn't find her books.
B．She heard the author shouting loud.
C．She got the news that her grandma was ill.
D．She saw the author's shoes beneath her bed.
2．The author tidied up the room most probably because ________.
A．she was scared by Kate's anger
B．she hated herself for being so messy
C．she wanted to show her care
D．she was asked by Kate to do so
3．How is Paragraph 1 mainly developed?
A．By analyzing causes.
B．By showing differences.
C．By describing a process.
D．By following time order.
4．What might be the best title for the story?
A．My Friend Kate
B．Hard Work Pays Off
C．How to Be Organized
D．Learning to Be Roommates
答案与解析
作者与室友在生活习惯上有天壤之别，作者特别邋遢，而室友特别整洁有条理，两人生活在一起难免有摩擦。但是偶然发生的一件事让作者明白了友好相处的秘诀。
1．D 细节理解题。根据第二段第三句可知，那天晚上，凯特非常生气，因为作者把鞋了放在了她的床下。
2．C 推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句“All of a sudden, a warm feeling of sympathy rose up in my heart.”可推断出，作者主要是想通过收拾房间这种行为表达对凯特的关心。
3．B 细节理解题。根据第一段内容可知，该段主要通过对比的方式说明两个人在生活习惯方面的巨大差异。
4．D 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，最后一段最后一句起到了画龙点睛的作用，点明了文章的主旨，即：学会成为室友。
Passage 7
(2017·课标全国卷Ⅱ)
Arriving in Sydney on his own from India, my husband, Rashid, stayed in a hotel for a short time while looking for a house for me and our children.
During the first week of his stay, he went out one day to do some shopping. He came back in the late afternoon to discover that his suitcase was gone. He was extremely worried as the suitcase had all his important papers, including his passport.
He reported the case to the police and then sat there，lost and lonely in a strange city, thinking of the terrible troubles of getting all the paperwork organized again from a distant country while trying to settle down in a new one.
Late in the evening, the phone rang. It was a stranger. He was trying to pronounce my husband's name and was asking him a lot of questions. Then he said they had found a pile of papers in their trash can(垃圾桶)that had been left out on the footpath.
My husband rushed to their home to find a kind family holding all his papers and documents. Their young daughter had gone to the trash can and found a pile of unfamiliar papers. Her parents had carefully sorted them out, although they had found mainly foreign addresses on most of the documents. At last they had seen a halfwritten letter in the pile in which my husband had given his new telephone number to a friend.
That family not only restored the important documents to us that day but also restored our faith and trust in people. We still remember their kindness and often send a warm wish their way.
1．What did Rashid plan to do after his arrival in Sydney?
A．Go shopping.
B．Find a house.
C．Join his family.
D．Take a vacation.
2．The girl's parents got Rashid's phone number from ________.
A．a friend of his family
B．a Sydney policeman
C．a letter in his papers
D．a stranger in Sydney
3．What does the underlined word “restored” in the last paragraph mean?
A．Showed.
B．Sent out.
C．Delivered.
D．Gave back.
4．Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A．From India to Australia
B．Living in a New Country
C．Turning Trash to Treasure
D．In Search of New Friends
答案与解析
“我”丈夫到达悉尼之后，把他的重要文件和护照丢了，就在他陷入绝望的时候，一个陌生人打来电话并把他女儿在垃圾桶捡到的文件完好无损地归还给他。
1．B 细节理解题。从第一段中的“...looking for a house for me and our children.”可知，Rashid 到了悉尼之后，计划为家人寻找一座房子。
2．C 细节理解题。从倒数第二段最后一句可知，女孩的父母是从文件的一封信中找到了Rashid 的电话号码。
3．D 词义猜测题。从最后一段最后一句“We still remember their kindness...”可知，那一家人把Rashid 的文件还给了他。由此推出画线词restored 意为“归还”，故选D项。
4．C 主旨大意题。标题要与文章的内容相关，既要有高度的概括性，同时又能吸引读者的注意力。Turning Trash to Treasure 既能体现出本文出现的trash，也能体现出所捡到的文件的重要性。该标题中的treasure 与trash 相呼应，既概括出了故事的内容又能引起读者的兴趣。
Passage 8
(2017·辽宁卷)
China is a land of bicycles. At least it was back in 1992 when I traveled the country. Back then everyone seemed to be riding a bicycle. Millions of them, all black. Cars were rare. Yet since my arrival in Beijing last year, I've found the opposite is true. There are millions of cars. However, people still use their bicycles to get around. For many, it's the easiest and cheapest way to travel today. Bicycles also come in different colorssivler, green, red, blue, yellow, whatever you want.
It's fun watching people biking. They rush quickly through crossroads, move skillfully through traffic, and ride even on sidewalks(人行道). Bicycles allow people the freedom to move about that cars just can't provide.
Eager to be part of this aspect of Chinese culture, I decided to buy a bicycle. Great weather accompanied my great buy. I immediately jumped up on my bicycle seat and started home.
My first ride home was orderly (守秩序的). To be safe, I stayed with a “pack” of bikers while cars on the streets came running swiftly out of nowhere at times. I didn't want to get hit. So I took the ride carefully.
Crossing the streets was the biggest problem. It was a lot like crossing a major highway back in the United States. The streets here were wide, so crossing took time, skill and a little bit of luck.
I finally made it home. The feeling on the bicycle was amazing. The air hitting my face and going through my hair was wonderful. I was sitting on top of the world as I passed by places and people. Biking made me feel alive.
1. According to the author, why are bicycles still popular in China today?
A. Because they are traditional and safe.
B. Because they are convenient and inexpensive.
C. Because they are colorful and available.
D. Because they are fast and environmentfriendly.
2. The author decided to buy a bicycle because he intended
________.
A. to ride it for fun
B. to use it for transport
C. to experience local culture
D. to improve his riding skills
3. How did the author feel about his street crossing?
A. It was boring.
B. It was difficult.
C. It was lively.
D. It was wonderful.
4. Which of the following best describes the author's biking experience?
A. The author enjoyed showing off his biking skills.
B. The author was annoyed by the air while riding.
C. The author was praised by the other bikers.
D. The author took great pleasure in biking.
答案与解析
作者发现虽然轿车在中国十分普及，但自行车也风头不减。为了体验当地的文化，作者买了一辆自行车，穿行在城市的大街小巷，他体会到别样的快乐。
1．B 细节理解题。根据第一段倒数第二句可知，自行车目前在中国仍然十分普及，因为对很多人来说，它是一种便利而廉价的交通方式。
2．C 推理判断题。根据第三段第一句可知，作者也决定买一辆自行车，因为他想成为中国文化的一部分，也就是说，他打算亲身体验中国文化。
3．B 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段内容可知，作者觉得骑着自行车穿过马路是最大的问题，换言之，是有难度的事情。
4．D 推理判断题。根据最后一段中出现的“amazing, wonderful, on top of the world, alive” 等信息词可以推断，骑自行车的经历让作者觉得很快乐。
模拟精选
Passage 1
(2017·河北唐山统考)
My decision to travel around China lay merely with my curiosity about the place. Before coming here, China seemed alien to me—a place that I expected to be hugely dissimilar from my own British culture.
After travelling from Beijing up to Xi'an，I wanted to challenge myself by choosing a smaller town—Xiahe, in Gansu Province. I arrived in Lanzhou at around 5 am, but there were no buses to Xiahe. I managed to spot a policeman and attempted to explain my destination to him in simple English，praying that he would understand. I wasn't sure that he did but I just followed him anyway as I had no choice. He took，me on a bus and I didn't know where I was going. Luckily，I met a student who explained to me in English that the policeman was taking me to another bus station where I could take a bus to Xiahe. During this conversation a third man said he was also a policeman and would help me buy tickets. But as he was not in uniform，I was a little doubtful. The uniformed policeman told me it was OK to go with the third man, so I got off the bus with the socalled policeman who，at this point，disappeared and I was left in the middle of nowhere. I stood panicking. Around one minute later a police car came and stopped right by me.
It was the ununiformed policeman. I got into the car and he dropped me directly at the bus station，and helped me buy the ticket.
This is one of many experiences that I have had in China. I realized that however different this culture was, there was one thing that would always stand out—kindness. In the west we seem to lack the foundation of trust, yet in China it seems that there will always be someone to answer your questions and lead you the right way.
1．Which of the following is the closest in meaning to the underlined word “alien”？
A. Unfriendly.
B. Familiar.
C. Strange.
D. Attractive.
2．What can we learn from the second paragraph?
A. The author doubted the socalled policeman.
B. The third man could speak English fluently.
C. The author followed a student to another bus station.
D. A police car took the ununiformed policeman away.
3．Why did the ununiformed policeman disappear after the author got off the bus?
A. He hurried to buy a ticket for the author.
B. He went to get a car to pick the author up.
C. The author didn't behave in a friendly way.
D. The author found a uniformed policeman to help him.
4．According to the text, what impressed the author deeply in China?
A．Beautiful scenes.
B．Terrible transportation.
C．Troubles in small towns.
D．People's kindness.
答案与解析
出于对中国的好奇，作者独自来到中国旅行，并得到了中国警察和路人的热心帮助。中国人的友善给他留下了深刻的印象。
1．C 词义猜测题。根据下文的“a place that I expected to be hugely dissimilar from my own British culture”可知，作者对中国是陌生的，他认为那是一个与自己的英国文化有巨大差异的地方，因此选strange “陌生的”。
2．A 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“But as he was not in uniform, I was a little doubtful.”可知，作者对这个没有穿制服的自称警察的人有所怀疑，因此选A项。
3．B 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Around one minute later a police car came and stopped right by me...he dropped me directly at the bus station...”可知，便衣警察消失的原因是他去找车接作者去车站，所以选B项。
4．D 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“there was one thing that would always stand out—kindness.”可知，在中国，人们的友善给作者留下了深刻的印象。
Passage 2
(2017·长春第一次调研)
Paddling out to catch the next wave at a competition in Christchurch, New Zealand, James Tuhikarama had a heart attack，which knocked him off his surfboard (冲浪板). He almost choked to death in the water, lost consciousness, and was soon floating facedown in the ocean.
For a few moments, no one noticed as he drifted away from the main competition area. About that time, Hira Edmonds, 25, a lifeguard and senior instructor for a surfsafety company, was teaching 14 other lifeguards the finer points of emergency rescue on the second floor of a building overlooking New Brighton Beach. Edmonds had watched dozens of suffers ride the waves that day. As he glanced out of the window, he saw someone in a wet suit facedown in the water. “It doesn't take much to realize someone's in trouble，” says Edmonds. “Lifeguards are never really off duty.” Edmonds called the team, grabbed first aid equipment, and rushed down to the water. The lifeguards dragged Tuhikarama, 47 and a father of two, to the beach. More than a dozen rescuers took turns pumping oxygen and pressing his chest to start his breathing again. For nearly an hour—far longer than a single lifeguard would have been able to continue the lifesaving technique—the team continued all these. An ambulance finally arrived and took Tuhikarama to the hospital, where he spent a week unconscious in Intensive Care Unit(ICU) while his brain and heart healed.
A month after he recovered, Tuhikarama was reunited with six of the teenage lifeguards who saved him. “Being spotted by a group of lifeguards was the only thing that saved me，” he says. “I've been given a second chance.”
1．What was James Tuhikarama doing when he had a heart attack?
A．Surfing the Internet.
B．Taking part in a competition.
C．Paddling a boat in the ocean.
D．Swimming in the swimming pool.
2．What can we learn from the text?
A．James called for help before he drifted away.
B．James had two sons watching him on the beach then.
C．No one was willing to help James except the lifeguards.
D．James met the lifeguards after he came out of hospital.
3．Which of the following is TRUE according to the text?
A．Lifeguards are always off duty.
B．James didn't know who saved his life.
C．It took James several days to come back to life.
D．Hira was learning to rescue lives when he spotted James.
4．Where will you probably read this text?
A．In a newspaper. B．In a textbook.
C．In a fashion magazine.
D．In science fiction.
答案与解析
本文讲述了一个参加冲浪比赛的人落水被救的故事。
1．B 细节理解题。根据第一段的第一句中的“Paddling out to catch the next wave at a competition in Christchurch，New Zealand，James Tuhikarama had a heart attack”可知，詹姆斯在比赛的时候突发心脏病，故选B项。
2．D 推理判断题。从文章最后一段的“A month after he recovered，Tuhikarama was reunited with six of the teenage lifeguards who saved him.”可推出答案。
3．C 判断正误题。根据第二段中的“Lifeguards are never really off duty.”可知A项不正确；从最后一段可知詹姆斯知道是谁救的他，B项不正确；根据第二段的最后一句可知C项正确；根据第二段的第二句可知D项不正确。
4．A 推理判断题。这是一篇资讯报道，可以在报纸上看到，故选A项。
Passage 3
(2017·沈阳质监一)
Jaguars(美洲虎) are the largest cat in North and SouthAmerica.
Their range
extends from
south
of Mexico toArgentina. But in the past hundred years' logging(伐木), thegrowth of cities have disturbed more than half of the cats’ mainhabitat, forcing them into living in small groups in differentplaces.
Conservationists
used
to
focus
on
protecting
these habitats. But biologists realize now that young jaguars move from one place to another in their hunt for mates and newland. They may trek(长途跋涉) up to 500 miles through theedges of civilization. It is a dangerous journey that takes them far from the shelter of the jungle.
Scientist Alan Rabinowitz is president of an organization devoted to saving wild cats. One day, while studying a map of all the known areas jaguars live in, Rabinowitz decided to play a game of connecting the dots. He drew a line between one area and another area. Suddenly he was struck by an idea that could help save this threatened species.
Rabinowitz realized that protecting the pathways was just as important as protecting the habitats themselves. He began an international project called
“Path of the Jaguar” to check these pathways and make sure they won't become dead ends. “A jaguar, unlike a human, is not stopped by many things，”Rabinowitz says.
“It's not stopped by a river or even a mountain covered in snow.” But things such as factories, highways and dams will halt a jaguar in its tracks, forcing it off course.
Rabinowitz's project works to persuade countries to limit industrial development that would block jaguars' pathways. These protected areas are not always connected. But these cats are smart — they run across open land in the dark. If they find a jungle with something to eat, they'll stop to rest, just as you might pull over at a restaurant during a family road trip.
1. Alan Rabinowitz studied a map one day in order to________.
A. find ways to save jaguars
B. join all the small dots
C. search for young jaguars
D. play an interesting game
2. Why did Rabinowitz begin the project “Path of the Jaguar” ?
A. To find out why jaguars like to move.
B. To help jaguars find a better place in the wild.
C. To make sure jaguars travel smoothly.
D. To prove other conservationists' opinions are wrong.
3. The underlined word “halt” in Paragraph 4 can be replaced by“________”．
A. kill
B. stop
C. help
D. keep
4. Which would be the best title for the passage?
A. Connecting the Dots
B. Protecting Threatened Species
C. Finding Jaguars in America
D. Limiting Industrial Development
答案与解析
本文讲述的是群体规模逐渐变小的美洲虎，其面临的主要威胁是栖息地范围的缩小。科学家Alan Rabinowitz为了挽救美洲虎而研究地图彻查美洲虎的迁徙路径。
1．A 细节理解题。根据第三段的第一句“Scientist Alan Rabinowitz is president of an organization devoted to saving wild cats.”可知，应选A项。
2．C 细节理解题。根据第四段的第二句 “He began an international
project called‘Path of the Jaguar’to check these pathways
and make sure they won't become dead ends.”可知，这个计划的目的是保护美洲虎顺利迁徙。故选C项。
3．B 词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句子的前一句“It'snotstopped by a river or even a mountain covered in snow.”可推断，工厂、高速公路和大坝会阻挡美洲虎的前进步伐，故可以用stop“(使)中断”来替代。选B项。
4．A 主旨大意题。本文讲述了科学家Alan Rabinowitz为了挽救美洲虎而研究地图彻查美洲虎的迁徙路径的事。由此可知A项最适合作文章标题。
Passage 4
(2017·甘肃兰州、张掖联合诊断)
On Jan. 23,2017, I was aboard a ship on the Yangtze River, listening to the sound of fireworks and eating plate after plate of dumplings.
On Sunday Feb. 10, 2017, I was preparing to celebrate Chinese New Year again—in London's Chinatown.
It was raining. It was cold. But ever since I left Beijing in August，I had promised myself I would celebrate Chinese New Year—if only to help with my Beijing “homesickness”．
Central London was dressed up for the occasion. There was a stage for a big fireworks display for the evening. Even so，it wasn't like my real Beijing chunjie.
Even buying a jiaozi didn't cheer me up. It cost about 10 times as much as the real thing does in Beijing and got stuck to its rain－ruined paper bag.
Cold, wet and depressed, I ran into a shop for shelter. Suddenly，there it was. Between the packets of dried meat and fish, the bags of rice and the smell of dried noodles in this little Chinese supermarket，I found home.
An hour later，I hurried into my house with bags of frozen jiaozi，packets of sauce and a large bottle of vinegar from the Chinese supermarket. I boiled water, tore open the packets, grabbed my chopsticks and settled down to a feast. This, I thought，was a happy Chinese New Year.
I even watched the fireworks on TV. After all, why face the British weather when I can bring China home in one bite?
1．We can conclude from the first three paragraphs that the author________.
A. likes watching fireworks on the boat
B. misses Chinese food more than anything else
C. finds it great fun to celebrate Chinese New Year
D. misses her life in Beijing very much
2．How did the author feel when she found some Chinese foods in a supermarket?
A. A little curious.
B. Rather tired.
C. A bit comfortable.
D. Very depressed.
3．Why did the author watch the fireworks on TV?
A. She didn't want to get wet and cold again.
B. The square was far away from where she lived.
C. She didn't like fireworks very much.
D. She was too hungry to go out.
4．What is the best title of the passage?
A. Unforgettable Chunjie in Beijing
B. Wonderful Experience in Britain
C. Finding Home in London
D. Festival in London
答案与解析
春节时，身在伦敦的作者想尽办法缓解乡愁，最后在超市买到的中国食物让作者找到了家的感觉。
1．D 推理判断题。根据前三段，尤其是第三段可知，作者离开北京时就决定要以过春节的方式缓解乡愁，由此可推知作者想念北京的生活，应选D项。
2．C 细节理解题。根据第六段，尤其是最后一句话可知，作者在超市意外发现了中国食物时心情好了一些，因此选C项。
3．A 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“It was raining. It was cold.”及第六段的第一句“Cold, wet and depressed, I ran into a shop for shelter.”和最后一段中的“After all, why face the British weather when I can bring China home in one bite？”可知，作者之所以在电视上看烟花是不想再淋雨受冻。
4．C 标题判断题。身在他乡的作者想庆祝春节以解乡愁，但在阴雨、寒冷的天气出门买回昂贵且被雨淋毁了的饺子让作者高兴不起来，最后意外在超市买到的中国食物让作者找到了家的感觉，因此C项最适合做文章标题。
创新预测
Passage 1
The day when the jobs were banded out was one of the most exciting moments for all the children in the class. It took place during the first week of the term. Every kid was given a job for which they would be responsible for the rest of that school year.
Some jobs were more interesting than others, and the children were eager to be given one of the best ones. When giving them out, the teacher took into account which pupils had been most responsible during the previous year. During the previous year Rita had carried out the teacher's instructions perfectly. All the children knew Rita would be given the best job.
But there was a big surprise. Each child received a normal job. But Rita's job was very different. She was given a little box containing some sand and one ant. Though the teacher insisted that this ant was very special, Rita felt disappointed. Most of her classmates felt sorry for her. Even her father became very angry with the teacher and he encouraged Rita to pay no attention to this insignificant pet. However, Rita preferred to show the teacher her error by doing something special with that job of little interest.
Rita started investigating all about her little ant and gave the ant the best food, and it grew quite a bit bigger.
One day, a man, who looked very important, came into their classroom and declared, “Your class has been chosen to accompany me, this summer, on a journey to the tropical rainforest, where we will investigate all kinds of insects. Among all the schools of this region, your class has best cared for the little ant.”
That day the school was filled with joy and celebration. Everyone thanked Rita for having been so patient and responsible. And many children learnt that to be given the most important task you have to know how to be responsible even in what are the smallest tasks.
1．What did the teacher base her decision on when giving out jobs to the children?
A．Their characters and interests.
B．Their class performance during this year.
C．Their working performance during the previous year.
D．Their ability of managing their accounts during the previous year.
2．What is Rita's attitude to her father's suggestion?
A．Negative.
B．Uncertain.
C．Totally positive.
D．Acceptive.
3．We can infer that the man who made the declaration is a ________.
A．hunter
B．director
C．biologist
D．principal
4．What would be the best title for the passage?
A．Never complain about life.
B．Small tasks can lead to fortunes.
C．Men are best known by their friends.
D．Responsibility and intelligence bring good luck.
答案与解析
1．C 细节理解题。根据第二段When giving them out, the teacher took into account which pupils had been most responsible during the previous year.可知，在分配任务的时候，老师会参考学生上一年的学习表现。故选C。
2．A 细节理解题。根据第三段However, Rita preferred to show the teacher her error by doing something special with that job of little interest. 可知，虽然她父亲建议她不要照顾那只小蚂蚁，可是Rita却想做好这个无趣的工作来表明老师的决定是错误的，即她没有听从父亲的建议。故选A。
3．C 推理判断题。根据Your class has been chosen to accompany me, this summer, on a journey to the tropical rainforest, where we will investigate all kinds of insects. 可知，学生要跟他去热带雨林研究昆虫，所以他应该是生物学家。故选C。
4．B 主旨大意题。根据最后一句总结性的话And many children learnt that to be given the most important task you have to know how to be responsible even in what are the smallest tasks. 可知小的工作带来大幸运。故选B。
Passage 2
Harli Jordean is not your average eight year old. While his friends are playing computer games, he is busy with the daytoday operations of his Internet marble (弹珠)kingdom.
Little Harli, from London, has been running successfully the marbleking.co.uk website for two years, selling anything from common marbles that are worth a few pounds to ￡599 limited edition Duke of York solitaire(单人跳棋) tables. The company is now turning over thousands of pounds each year—with orders flooding in from as far away as America.
Harli said, “My dream is to have a chain of stores—it will be one of the biggest toy stores in the world but selling all sorts of marbles.”
Harli started his way to becoming a millionaire when he innocently began trading marbles with friends in the playground. When some older kids took all his marbles, Harli turned to the bank of mum to buy him some more on the net.
And after they struggled to find anywhere completely designed to sell Harli's favourite toy, he begged his mum, Tina, to let him start his own site. He said, “In my marbles store, anyone who likes marbles will not become frustrated with the lack of marble choice.”
Tina, 51, said, “My thinking was it would be a good way to teach Harli some great life skills and show him responsibility. I never though it would become so popular—we are struggling to cope with the number of orders at times.”
Tina added, “Harli has a hand in everything. He picks out products by himself and when orders come in he handles it all, packing, sending—everything. All I do is the accounts and try and move in his overenthusiastic ideas. He's very enthusiastic even getting me to drive him to deliver a package when we realized it wouldn't get there on time in the post.”
1．While his friends are playing computer games, Harli is ________.
A．playing marbling games online
B．exploring websites about marbles
C．selling marbles on his own website
D．running his marble business in America
2．What directly makes Harli want to start his own marble website?
A．The marble trading between his friends and him.
B．The popularity of the online shopping in schoolboys.
C．The difficulty finding an online store just selling marbles.
D．The frustration that he couldn't get enough marble choice.
3．When Harli began to build his website, Tina expected it could ________.
A．make Harli learn more skills and be responsible
B．get popular and earn the family more money
C．lay the foundation for his future chain of stores
D．help him to realize his dream to be the Marble King
答案与解析
1．C 细节理解题。抓住首段寻找要素(who, what, how), 从第一段“he is busy with the daytoday operations of his Internet marble kingdom”及第二段“...selling anything from common marbles that are worth a few pounds to ￡599 limited edition Duke of York solitaire tables”可知，Harli 在朋友们玩电脑游戏的时候，却忙于经营自己的“弹珠王国”网站，在网店中销售从价值几英镑的普通“玻璃弹珠”到价值599英镑的限量版“约克公爵弹珠跳棋”。
2．C 细节理解题。从第五段“And after they struggled to find anywhere completely designed to sell Harli's favourite toy, he begged his mum, Tina, to let him start his own site.”可知，在Harli和母亲Tina 在网上很费力地找专门销售弹珠的网店之后，Harli意识到基本没有销售“玩具弹珠”的网店，于是他想要自己来开网店卖弹珠。
3．A 细节理解题。从倒数第二段可知当Tina 允许Harli 建网站时，她本意是想教Harli 一些生存技巧，好让他拥有一种责任感。
Passage 3
No one knows how much money Dr. Lyle Tullis gave away to students.
I was his colleague for nearly a decade and I never stopped being amazed at his generosity. Our college has a program of providing crosscultural experiences for students. Lots
of
students
take
advantage
of
summer
experience overseas. I discovered that no group left for overseas without some of its members receiving financial help from Dr. Tullis.
It wasn't that he made a lot of money. For one thing, he taught in a churchrun school. There, his salary was half of what those people earned in a taxsupported school.
Other colleagues occasionally complained about the low pay.
Not Lyle Tullis.
Occasionally some professors would leave our campus for a betterpaid position. They told me they did so because, with better pay, they could provide for their families.
The size of Lyle Tullis' paycheck never seemed to be the most important thing to him.
I realized that one day when I was thanking him for helping a student, his eyes shone as he said to me, “I've got so much money that I don't know what to do with it. So, I just give it away.”
Most people wouldn't have thought that way.
Dr. Tullis drove one of the oldest cars on campus. It was even older than almost any of the students' cars.
His home, while comfortable, was not fancy at all. But Lyle Tullis lived with the feeling that he had so much money that he needed to give it away.
He was one of the favorite on campus. Cynics(愤世嫉俗者) might say he bought fame. But they would misunderstand. Lyle wanted to devote his life, all of it, to helping others.
1．What does the first paragraph mainly talk about?
A．Dr. Tullis was very popular with his students.
B．The author was wondering why Dr. Tullis gave students money.
C．Dr. Tullis was generous in giving his students financial help.
D．The author had a program of providing crosscultural experiences for students.
2．Why did Dr. Tullis give his money away?
A．He had a good fortune.
B．He wanted to buy fame.
C．He was ready to help the students in need.
D．He didn't know where to put it away.
3．We can learn from the text that ________.
A．Dr. Tullis was very content with his low pay
B．Dr. Tullis cared little about his family
C．the author felt confused about Dr. Tullis' generosity
D．many people would misunderstand Dr. Tullis
4．Which of the following can best describe Dr. Tullis?
A．Honest.
B．Generous.
C．Friendly.
D．Conservative.
答案与解析
本文是一篇记叙文，介绍了慷慨大方的Lyle Tullis 教授的事迹，他自己开着破旧的汽车，过着简朴的生活，而且挣的工资并不多，却一直在资助那些参加文化交流的学生。
1．C 段落大意题。根据文章的第一段可知，在作者和Lyle Tullis 教授做同事的近十年里，每一次参加文化交流的学生中都有受到Lyle Tullis 教授经济帮助的。故选C项。
2．C 推理判断题。根据文章第二段的第二、三句话可知，Lyle Tullis 教授在教会学校教书，工资是其他靠税收支持的学校教师的一半，因此A项不正确；根据文章最后一段的最后三句话可知，B项的说法不正确；根据文章第四段中的“I've got so much money that I don't know what to do with it. So I just give it away”可知，D项的说法不正确；只有C项Lyle Tullis 教授准备帮助那些需要帮助的学生，符合文章意思。故选C项。
3．A 细节理解题。根据文章第五段的最后一句“But Lyle Tullis lived with the feeling that he had so much money that he needed to give it away”可知，Lyle Tullis 教授对他的低工资感到满足。故选A项。
4．B 推理判断题。根据全文可知，Lyle Tullis 教授挣的工资不多，过着简朴的生活，却每次都资助那些参加文化交流的学生，故选B项，他是慷慨的。
Passage 4
Since I started working parttime at a grocery store, I have learned that a customer is more than someone who buys something. To me, a customer is a person whose memory fails entirely once he or she starts to push a shopping cart(购物手推车). One of the first things customers forget is how to count. There is no other way to explain how so many people get in their express line, which is clearly market 15 items or less, with 20, 25 or even a cart load of items.
Customers also forget why they came to
the store in the first place. Just as I finish ringing up an order, a customer will say, “Oops, I forgot to pick up a fresh loaf of bread. I hope you don't mind waiting while I go to get it.” Five minutes later, he's back with the bread, a bottle of milk, and three rolls of paper towels. What is strange is that customers also seem to forget that they have to pay for their groceries. Instead of writing a check or looking for a credit care while I am ringing up the groceries, a customer will wait until I announce the total. Then, in surprise, she says, “Oh, no, what did I do with my check book？”
After 5
minutes of digging through her purse, she borrows my pen because she's forgotten hers. But I have to tolerate customers because they pay my salary, and that's something I can't afford to forget.
1．What does the author say about his customers?
A. They can not count numbers.
B. They sometimes jump the queue.
C. They don't know how to express themselves.
D. They behave as if their memories have totally failed.
2．According to the text, who are supposed to be in the express line?
A. Customers with nothing purchased.
B. Customers with not more than 15 items.
C. Customers with items between 15 and 25.
D. Customers with 25 or even a cart load of items.
3．When customers arrive at the cheekout counter, they______.
A. find their pens lost
B. go back and get more items
C. can not wait to pay for their groceries
D. prefer paying by check to paying with a credit card
4．We can infer from the text that ________.
A. business in the grocery store runs well
B. the author finds his present job full of fun
C. the author's parttime job calls for patience
D. customers go to grocery stores without planning
答案与解析
本文是一篇记叙文，作者讲述自己在超市做兼职时观察到的消费者在购物时健忘的各种表现。
1．D 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“a customer is a person whose memory fails entirely once he or she starts to push a shopping cart(购物手推车)”可知，顾客一旦开始推购物手推车，自己的记性就完全不管用了。故选D项。
2．B 细节理解题。文中第一段最后一句说，很多人买了东西之后进入快速结账柜台，这里标着的是买了15件甚至更少商品的顾客在此结账，但他们却拿着20、25件甚至推着满满一车商品。句中的“15 items or less”与B项中的“not more than 15 items”意思相同。故选B项。
3．B 推理判断题。第二段中说，当作者把一个顾客买的商品结账之后，顾客会再回头去买一大推其他商品，因此选B项。注意文中该句的ring up 表示“把(收进的钱)记入现金出纳机”，也就是此时顾客已经结账了。
4．C 推理判断题。作者在文中叙述了消费者的几种健忘的表现。并在文章的最后说“But I have to tolerate customers because they pay my salary, and that's something I can't afford to forget”，故选C项，表示这一工作需要耐心。
二、议论文
高考精萃
Passage 1
(2017·安徽卷)
Should we allow modern buildings to be built next to older buildings in a historic area of a city? In order to answer this question，we must first examine whether people really want to preserve the historic feel of an area. Not all historical buildings are
attractive. However, there
may
be other
reasons—for example, economic (经济的)
reasons—why they should be preserved. So, let us assume that historical buildings are both attractive and important to the majority of people. What should we do then if a new building is needed?
In my view, new architectural styles can exist perfectly well alongside an older style. Indeed, there are many examples in my own home town of Tours where modern designs have been placed very successfully next to old buildings. As long as the building in question is pleasing and does not dominate(影响) its surroundings too much，it often improves the attractiveness of the area.
It is true that there are examples of new buildings which have spoilt(破坏) the area they are in，but the same can be said of some old buildings too. Yet people still speak against new buildings in historic areas. I think this is simply because people are naturally conservative(保守的) and do not like change.
Although we have to respect people's feelings as fellow users of the buildings, I believe that it is the duty of the architect and planner to move_things_forward. If we always reproduced what was there before, we would all still be living in caves. Thus, I would argue against copying previous architectural styles and choose something fresh and different, even though that might be the more risky choice.
1．What does the author say about historical buildings in the first paragraph?
A．Some of them are not attractive.
B．Most of them are too expensive to preserve.
C．They are more pleasing than modern buildings.
D．They have nothing to do with the historic feel of an area.
2．Which of the following is true according to the author?
A．We should reproduce the same old buildings.
B．Buildings should not dominate their surroundings.
C．Some old buildings have spoilt the area they are in.
D．No one understands why people speak against new buildings.
3．By “move things forward” in the last paragraph, the author probably means “________”．
A．destroy old buildings
B．put things in a different place
C．choose new architectural styles
D．respect people's feelings for historical buildings
4．What is the main purpose of the passage?
A．To explain why people dislike change.
B．To warn that we could end up living in caves.
C．To admit how new buildings have ruined their surroundings.
D．To argue that modern buildings can be built in historic areas.
答案与解析
本文是一篇议论文。文章议论的是在历史名城的古建筑区域里能否建设现代化的建筑。
1．A 细节理解题。根据第一段第三句“Not all historical buildings are attractive.”可知，作者认为并非所有的古建筑都引人入胜，故选A项。
2．C 细节理解题。根据第三段第一句可知，有些古建筑也同样破坏了它们所在的区域，故C项正确。
3．C 词义猜测题。根据第四段可知，如果我们依然复制以前的建筑样式，那我们现在还住在洞穴里。因此，作者建议使用新的不同的样式来替代，即便会冒一定的风险。故选C项。
4．D 写作意图题。第一段第一句以及最后一段最后一句前后呼应，表明了作者的观点，故选D项。
Passage 2
(2017·福建卷)
As has been all too apparent in recent days at Balcombe, few issues cause greater concern than energy policy. Many village communities feel their countryside is being ruined by the powerproducing machines of wind farms; yet they never take ”direct action”， even though the planning laws put them at a severe disadvantage. And the generous subsidies (财政补贴), which encourage the expansion of wind power, are not favorable to the village communities and set landowners in conflict with other residents(居民)．
Those who disagree with the rapid expansion of wind farms state that the damage they cause is out of proportion(比例) to the benefits they bring, because their energy output cannot match that of the carbonbased power stations they are supposed to replace. Supporters insist that wind must be part of a mix of renewables，nuclear and carbon，and that the country is committed to meeting EU (European Union)targets for noncarbon energy generation.
Against this background, the fact that there is an argument within the Government over whether to publish an official report on wind farms' impact on the countryside becomes even more extraordinary. The two parties in the coalition (联合) government are in disagreement over what it should say.
We have some advice for the two parties: publish the report，and let the country be the judge. Even if it contains evidence that wind farms are harmful, it will hardly be a pleasant surprise to people who do not like them. Equally, supporters
must
argue
their
case
by
acknowledging
the concerns and explaining why they are either misplaced or worthy of much attention.
The suggestion that further negotiations are to take place to produce an “acceptable” report suggests that the politics of coalition government are doing the country harm in a certain way. Given the sensitivities involved，all the information should be available so that people can reach their own conclusions, rather than being left with the suspicion(猜疑) that facts are being replaced by political beliefs.
1．We can learn from the first paragraph that ________.
A．energy policy catches much attention of the public
B．the residents are in favor of the expansion of wind farms
C．many village communities are satisfied with the subsidies
D．the planning laws offer great benefits to the residents
2．Supporters think that the expansion of wind power ________.
A．is more rapid than that of carbonbased power
B．guarantees an increase in energy output
C．is expected to be much better than that of nuclear power
D．agrees with EU targets for noncarbon energy generation
3．It can be inferred from the passage that ________.
A．an official report will settle the energy problem
B．the two parties are divided over the issue of wind farms
C．the two parties have agreed on a further negotiation
D．political beliefs concerning energy issue go against facts
4．Which of the following reflects the author's opinion?
A．Increase political impact on energy policy.
B．Release a statement of supporters on wind farms.
C．Let the nation judge the facts about wind power.
D．Leave the two parties to reach their own conclusions.
答案与解析
风力发电导致了不同社区的分歧，这一问题该如何解决？
1．A 推理判断题。根据第一段第一句在Balcombe，近几天很明显的一个问题就是能源政策引起了人们极大的关注可知A项正确。根据第一段第二句可知B项错误；根据第一段最后一句可知C、D项错误。
2．D 细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“支持者们坚持认为风力是可再生能源、核能和碳的混合体的一部分，并且说国家一直承诺实现欧盟要求的非碳能源发电的目标”可知D项正确，即：支持者们认为风力发电的扩大与欧盟实现非碳能源发电的目标是一致的。
3．B 推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句可知在此问题上两个政党存在不同观点，故B项正确。从第三段可知A项错误；C项未提及；根据最后一段最后一句可知D项错误。
4．C 观点态度题。根据倒数第二段“let the country be the judge”及最后一段“so that people can reach their own conclusions”可知作者赞同将问题留给国家解决，故选C项。
Passage 3
(2017·江苏卷)
However wealthy we may be, we can never find enough hours in the day to do everything we want. Economics deals with this problem through the concept of opportunity cost, which simply refers to whether someone's time or money could be better spent on something else.
Every hour of our time has a value. For every hour we work at one job we could quite easily be doing another, or be sleeping or watching a film. Each of these options has a different opportunity cost—namely，what they cost us in missed opportunities.
Say you intend to watch a football match but the tickets are expensive and it will take you a couple of hours to get to and from the stadium. Why not, you might reason，watch the game from home and use the leftover money and time to have dinner with friends? This—tile alternative use of your cash and time—is the opportunity cost.
For economists, every decision is made by knowledge of what one must forgo—in terms of money and enjoyment—in order to take it up. By knowing precisely what you are receiving and what you are missing out on，you ought to be able to make betterinformed，more reasonable decisions. Consider that most famous economic rule of all: there's no such thing as a free lunch. Even if someone offers to take you out to lunch for free, the time you will spend in the restaurant still costs you something in terms of forgone opportunities.
Some people find the idea of opportunity cost extremely discouraging: imagine
spending
your
entire
life
calculating whether your time would be better spent elsewhere doing something more profitable or enjoyable. Yet, in a sense it's human nature to do precisely that—we assess the advantages and disadvantages of decisions all the time.
In the business world, a popular phrase is“value for money.” People want their cash to go as far as possible. However，another is fast obtaining an advantage: “value for time. ” The biggest restriction on our resources is the number of hours we can devote to something, so we look to maximize the return we get on our investment of time. By reading this passage you are giving over a bit of your time which could be spent doing other activities，such as sleeping and eating. In return, however, this passage will help you to think like an economist, closely considering the opportunity cost of each of your decisions.
1．According to the passage，the concept of “opportunity cost” is applied to ________.
A. making more money
B. taking more opportunities
C. reducing missed opportunities
D. weighing the choice of opportunities
2．The “leftover... time” in Paragraph 3 probably refers to the time ________.
A. spared for watching the match at home
B. taken to have dinner with friends
C. spent on the way to and from the match
D. saved from not going to watch the match
3．What are forgone opportunities?
A. Opportunities you forget in decisionmaking.
B. Opportunities you give up for better ones.
C. Opportunities you miss accidentally.
D. Opportunities you make up for.
答案与解析
本文为议论文。主要阐述了经济学当中的机会成本，告诫我们做决定时要考虑到你所舍弃的那个机会所带来的成本。
1．D 细节理解题。根据文章第一段最后一句“...which simply refers to whether someone's time or money could be better spent on something else.”可知，所谓的机会成本指的是一个人所花的时间与金钱是否更应花在别的地方。因此D项正确。
2．C 词义猜测题。根据文章第三段可知，如果看足球比赛门票很贵，路途遥远，你可能就会思考，为何不在家观看，然后用这些钱和时间请朋友吃饭呢？由此可以得知，leftover...time 指的是上文提到的去体育场来回花在路上的时间。
3．B 推理判断题。根据文章第四段中提及的内容，了解到你会得到或是失去什么，你就应该能更明智更理性地做决定。天下没有免费的午餐。即使有人免费请你吃饭，你花在饭店吃饭的时间相对于你放弃的机会也会让你有所花费。因此forgone opportunities 指的是已经放弃没有去做的选择与机会。故B项正确。
Passage 4
(2017·陕西卷)
One afternoon last week，I saw three tearful children from my son's school being comforted by teachers. That morning, my 11yearold had stomach pains, retching (干呕) into a bowl. Talking to other mothers later, I heard about other children with stomachache or difficulty sleeping the night before.
What caused so much pain? Sports day. Sports day might be necessary at a highlycompetitive independent school，but not at a village primary school. For the children who can fly like the wind，sports day causes no problem. For those who are overweight or just not good at sport，it is a nightmare(噩梦). Even for those who enjoy running but fall halfway down the track in front of the entire school and their parents，it can prove a disaster.
Why do we put our children through this annual suffering? Some may say competition is character building; or it's taking part, not winning, that's important; or that it is a tradition of school life. I just felt great pity for those children in tears or in pain.
Team games at the end of sports day produced some close races, wild enthusiasm, lots of shouting—and were fun to watch. More importantly, the children who were not so fast or quick at passing the ball were hidden a little from everyone's eyes. Some of them also had the thrill of being on the winning side.
I wish that sports day could be abandoned and replaced with some other lesscompetitive event. Perhaps an afternoon of team games, with a few races for those who want them, would be less stressful for the children and a lot more fun to watch.
1．What can we learn about the author's son from Paragraph 1?
A. He talked with some mothers.
B. He comforted his classmates.
C. He had difficulty in sleeping.
D. He suffered from stomachache.
2．Sports day is still an annual event in this school probably because ________.
A. this is an independent school
B. it is a tradition of the school
C. it helps children lose weight
D. children enjoy watching sports
3．What does the author think about team games?
A. They should include more stressful races.
B. They are acceptable to different children.
C. They should be abandoned at primary schools.
D. They are less fun for those who love running.
4．What is the author's attitude towards sports day?
A. Critical. B. Neutral.
C. Positive.
D. Ambiguous.
答案与解析
本文为议论文。本文通过论述运动日给学生带来的负面影响，呼吁取消运动日，给学生减压。
1．D 细节理解题。由第一段第二句“11岁的儿子胃痛、干呕”可知，D项正确。
2．B 细节理解题。由第三段第二句可知，运动日成为该校一年一度的活动的原因可能是“塑造性格”“重在参与”或者“学校生活的传统”，由此可推知B项正确。
3．B 推理判断题。倒数第二段的三句话说明了Team games 的好处：能观看激烈的比赛、展示孩子们的热情；能让一些不擅长传球的孩子逃脱人们的注意；赢得比赛还能带给他们自豪感。综上所述，作者认为Team games 是可以接受的。
4．A 推理判断题。由文章最后一段首句“我希望运动日可以被取消”可知，作者对运动日持批判态度，故选A项。B项意为“中立的”；C项意为“肯定的”；D项意为“模糊的”。
Passage 5
(2017·辽宁卷)
Travis is the manager of G&G where he is responsible for forty employees (雇员) and profits (利润) of over $2 million per year. He's never late to work. He does not get upset on the job. When one of his employees started crying after a customer screamed at her, Travis took her away. “Your working uniform is your shelter，” he told her. “Nothing anyone says will ever hurt you. You will always be as strong as you want to be.”
Travis picked up that lecture in one of his G&G training courses, an education program that began on his first day and continues throughout an employee's occupation. The training has, Travis says, changed his life. G&G has taught him how to live, how to focus, how to get to work on time, and how to master his emotions (情绪). Most importantly, it taught him willpower.
At the center of that education is an extreme focus on an allimportant habit: willpower. Dozens of cases show that willpower is the single most important habit for a person's success.
And the best way to strengthen willpower is to make it into a habit. “Sometimes it looks like people with great selfcontrol aren't working hard—but that's because they've made it automatic，” Angela Duckworth, one of the University of Pennsylvania researchers said. “Their willpower occurs without them having to think about it.”
The company spent millions of dollars developing programs of study to train employees on selfcontrol. Managers wrote workbooks that serve as guides to how to make willpower a habit in workers' lives. Those courses are, in part, why G&G has grown from a sleepy company into a large one with more than seventeen thousand stores and profits of more than $10 billion a year.
1．We learn from Paragraph 2 that employees in G&G must ________.
A．learn to give lectures
B．attend education programs
C．design a working uniform
D．develop a common hobby
2．Willpower will become a habit when employees can ______.
A．focus on the profits
B．benefit from the job
C．protect themselves well
D．control their feelings well
3．What can we infer from the passage?
A．G&G has grown into a large company.
B．G&G will spend half its profits training employees.
C．G&G may become more successful in the future.
D．G&G has to produce more workbooks for managers.
答案与解析
G&G公司对员工有很高的要求并投入大量的资金进行培训，希望员工们能培养良好的自控能力。公司的管理者们以身作则，严于律己。
1．B 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知，该公司的员工必须参加教育培训。
2．D 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段内容可知，当员工们能够很好地控制自己的情感时，意志力就会成为一种习惯，一种无意识的自主行为。
3．C 推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知，G&G公司对员工有很高的要求并投入大量的资金对他们进行培训，由此推断，该公司在未来将会更加成功。易错选A项，文章直接写明的内容，不符合infer 的要求。
Passage 6
(2017·天津卷)
People aren't walking any more—if they can figure out a way to avoid it.
I felt superior about this matter until the other day I took my car to mail a small parcel. The journey is a matter of 281 steps. But I used the car. And I wasn't in any hurry, either. I had merely become one more victim of a national sickness: motorosis.
It is an illness to which I had thought myself immune (免疫的), for I was bred in the tradition of going to places on my own two legs. At that time, we regarded 25 miles as a good day's walk and the ability to cover such a distance in ten hours as a sign of strength and skill. It did not occur to us that walking was a hardship. And the effect was lasting. When I was 45 years old I raced—and beat—a teenage football player the 168 steps up the Statue of Liberty.
Such enterprises today are regarded by many middleaged persons as bad for the heart. But a wellknown British physician, Sir Adolphe Abrahams, pointed out recently that hearts and bodies need proper exercise. A person who avoids exercise is more likely to have illnesses than one who exercises regularly. And walking is an ideal form of exercise—the most familiar and natural of all.
It was Henry Thoreau who showed mankind the richness of going on foot. The man walking can learn the trees, flowers, insects, birds and animals, the significance of seasons, the very feel of himself as a living creature in a living world. He cannot learn in a car.
The car is a convenient means of transport, but we have made it our way of life. Many people don't dare to approach Nature any more; to them the world they were born to enjoy is all threat. To them security is a_steel_river thundering on a concrete road. And much of their thinking takes place while waiting for the traffic light to turn green.
I say that the green of forests is the mind's best light. And none but the man on foot can evaluate what is basic and everlasting.
1．What is the national sickness?
A．Walking too much.
B．Traveling too much.
C．Driving cars too much.
D．Climbing stairs too much.
2．What was life like when the author was young?
A．People usually went around on foot.
B．People often walked 25 miles a day.
C．People used to climb the Statue of Liberty.
D．People considered a tenhour walk as a hardship.
3．The author mentions Henry Thoreau to prove that ________.
A．middleaged people like getting back to nature
B．walking in nature helps enrich one's mind
C．people need regular exercise to keep fit
D．going on foot prevents heart disease
4．What is compared to “a steel river” in Paragraph 6?
A．A queue of cars.B．A ray of traffic light.
C．A flash of lightning.
D．A stream of people.
5．What is the author's intention of writing this passage?
A．To tell people to reflect more on life.
B．To recommend people to give up driving.
C．To advise people to do outdoor activities.
D．To encourage people to return to walking.
答案与解析
本文是夹叙夹议文。能用双脚走路的时候还是走吧，你会体会到大自然的美好。
1．C 细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句可知，人们普遍犯的一种病就是：太过依赖于汽车，故选C项。
2．A 细节理解题。根据第三段第一句中的“I was bred in the tradition of going to places on my own two legs”可知A项正确。根据第三段第二句可知B项错误；根据第三段最后一句可知C项错误；根据“...cover such a distance in ten hours as a sign of strength and skill”可知D项错误。
3．B 细节理解题。第五段第一句Henry Thoreau 向人们展示了步行所带来的优势，根据“...the very feel of himself as a living creature”可知，步行会使人有精神上的满足。故选B项。
4．A 词义猜测题。本段主要说的是人们过分依赖汽车，对他们来说，安全就是一条钢铁长河在混凝土路上呼啸而过，可知a steel river 指的是一长列汽车。
5．D 写作意图题。作者通过自己的经历及现实生活旨在说明现代人类过分依赖交通工具而忘了步行所带来的优势和乐趣，故写作的目的是鼓励人们多步行。
Passage 7
(2017·重庆卷)
The idea of being able to walk on water has long interested humans greatly. Sadly, biological facts prevent us ever accomplishing such a thing without artificial aid—we simply weigh too much，and all our mass pushes down through our relatively small feet, resulting in a lot of pressure that makes us sink.
However, several types of animals can walk on water.
One of the most interesting is the common basilisk Basilicus basilicus, a lizard (蜥蜴) native to Central and South America. It can run across water for a distance of several meters, avoiding getting wet by rapidly hitting the water's surface with its feet. The lizard will take as many as 20 steps per second to keep moving forward.For humans to do this, we'd need huge feet that we could bring up to our ears in order to create adequate “hitting”．
But fortunately there is an alternative: cornflour. By adding enough of this common thickening agent to water (and it does take a lot), you can create a “nonNewtonian” liquid that doesn't behave like normal water. Now, if the surface of the water is hit hard enough, particles (粒子) in the water group together for a moment to make the surface hard. Move quickly enough and put enough force into each step, and you really can walk across the surface of an adequately thick liquid of cornflour.
Fun though all this may sound, it's still rather messy and better read about in theory than carried out in practice. If you must do it, then keep the water wings handy in case you start to sink—and take a shower afterward!
1．Walking on water hasn't become a reality mainly because humans ________.
A．are not interested in it
B．have biological limitations
C．have not invented proper tools
D．are afraid to make an attempt
2．What do we know about Basilicus basilicus from the passage?
A．It is light enough to walk on water.
B．Its huge feet enable it to stay above water.
C．It can run
across water at a certain speed.
D．Its unique skin keeps it from getting wet in water.
3．What is the function of the cornflour according to the passage?
A．To create a thick liquid.
B．To turn the water into solid.
C．To help the liquid behave normally.
D．To enable the water to move rapidly.
4．What is the author's attitude toward the idea of humans' walking on water?
A．It is risky but beneficial.
B．It is interesting and worth trying.
C．It is crazy and cannot become a reality.
D．It is impractical though theoretically possible.
答案与解析
人们一直对在水面上行走的想法很感兴趣，但是水面无法承受人的重量，所以这一梦想至今未能实现。有一种理论认为，如果把玉米淀粉加入水中，让水变得黏稠，人类也许真的可以在水面上行走。
1．B 细节理解题。根据第一段第二句可知，人类在水面上行走的想法无法实现的主要原因是生物的局限性：人们的身体太重，水面无法承受这种压力。
2．C 细节理解题。根据第二段第三、四句可知，这种生活在中美洲和南美洲的蜥蜴能够以20步/秒的步频在水面飞跑。这样的步频能达到一定的速度。
3．A 推理判断题。根据第三段第二句和最后一句可推断出，这种玉米淀粉的作用是让液体变得黏稠。thickening agent “增稠剂”。
4．D 推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句可推断出，作者认为，人类在水面上行走的想法是不切合实际的，虽然这一想法在理论上似乎可行。
Passage 8
(2017·辽宁卷)
Here is an astonishing and significant fact: Mental work alone can't make us tired. It sounds absurd. But a few years ago, scientists tried to find out how long the human brain could labor without reaching a stage of fatigue (疲劳). To the amazement of these scientists, they discovered that blood passing through the brain, when it is active, shows no fatigue at all! If we took a drop of blood from a day laborer, we would find it full of fatigue toxins (毒素) and fatigue products. But if we took blood from the brain of an Albert Einstein, it would show no fatigue toxins at the end of the day.
So far as the brain is concerned, it can work as well and swiftly at the end of eight or even twelve hours of effort as at the beginning. The brain is totally tireless. So what makes us tired?
Some scientists declare that most of our fatigue comes from our mental and emotional (情感的) attitudes. One of England's most outstanding scientists, J. A. Hadfield, says, “The greater part of the fatigue from which we suffer is of mental origin. In fact, fatigue of purely physical origin is rare. ” Dr. Brill, a famous American scientist, goes even further. He declares, “One hundred percent of the fatigue of a sitting worker in good health is due to emotional problems. ”
What kinds of emotions make sitting workers tired? Joy? Satisfaction? No! A feeling of being bored, anger, anxiety，tenseness, worry, a feeling of not being appreciated—those are the emotions that tire sitting workers. Hard work by itself seldom causes fatigue. We get tired because our emotions produce nervousness in the body.
1．What surprised the scientists a few years ago?
A．Fatigue toxins could hardly be found in a laborer's blood.
B．Albert Einstein didn't feel worn out after a day's work.
C．The brain could work for many hours without fatigue.
D．A mental worker's blood was filled with fatigue toxins.
2．According to the author, which of the following can make sitting workers tired?
A. Challenging mental work.
B. Unpleasant emotions.
C. Endless tasks.
D. Physical labor.
3．What's the author's attitude towards the scientists' ideas?
A. He agrees with them.
B. He doubts them.
C. He argues against them.
D. He hesitates to accept them.
4．We can infer from the passage that in order to stay energetic, sitting workers need to ________.
A. have some good food
B. enjoy their work
C. exercise regularly
D. discover fatigue toxins
答案与解析
几年前，科学家们惊讶地发现，人的大脑可以连续工作很长时间而不会感到疲劳，究竟是什么因素导致人感到疲劳呢？
1．C 细节理解题。根据第一段第四句内容可知，几年前，科学家们惊讶地发现，人的大脑可以连续工作很长时间而不会感到疲劳。
2．B 细节理解题。根据最后一段倒数第三句可知，作者认为，一个身体健康的工人感到疲劳是因为各种情绪问题，也就是说，是不愉快的心情让他觉得疲劳。
3．A 推理判断题。作者虽然没有直接表达个人的态度，但是通过文章的措辞和语气不难看出，作者是支持科学家观点的。文章第一句开篇就点明“an astonishing and significant fact”，另外，全文以第一人称复数形式进行陈述，并且穿插了有关科学家的例子和观点，这些都能帮助我们把握作者的弦外之音。
4．B 推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，使工人们感到疲劳的原因是厌倦、愤怒、焦虑、紧张、担忧、不被赏识等情感因素所致。由此可推断，对sitting workers 来说，保持良好的心情，培养对工作的热爱之情当然是保证他们精力充沛的灵丹妙药了。
模拟精选
Passage 1
(2017·河南开封第一次摸底)
From the health point of view we are living in a wonderful age. A large number of once fatal illnesses can now be cured by modern drugs and surgery. But though the possibility of living a long and happy life is greater than ever before, every day we witness the incredible killing of people on the roads. Man is opposite to the motor car!
It is a neverending battle which man is losing. Thousands of people are killed each year and we are quietly sitting back and letting it happen.
It has been rightly said that when a man is sitting behind a steering wheel(方向盘)，his car becomes the extension of his personality. There is no doubt that the motor car often brings out a man's worst qualities. People who are normally quiet and pleasant may become unrecognizable when they are behind a steering wheel. They are rude，illmannered and aggressive. All their hidden frustrations
and
disappointments
seem to be brought to the surface by the act of driving.
The surprising thing is that society smiles on the motorist and seems to forgive the behaviour everything is done for his convenience. Cities and towns are made ugly by huge car parks.
It is high time a world law were created to reduce this senseless waste of human life. With regard to driving，the laws of some countries are not strict and even the strictest are not strict enough. A law which was universally accepted could only have a beneficial effect on the accident rate. Here are a few examples of some things that might be done. The driving test should be made to a fixed standard and far more difficult than it is ; all the drivers should be made to take a test every three years or so；the age at which young people are allowed to drive any vehicle should he raised to at least 21 ; all vehicles should be put through strict annual tests for safety. Present drinking and driving laws(where they exist)should be made much stricter. Driving speed should be limited on all roads. These measures may sound extremely severe. But surely nothing should be considered difficult if it results in reducing the annual toll of human life. After all，the world is for human beings，not motor cars.
1．The main idea of this passage is that ________.
A．traffic accidents are mainly caused by motorists
B．thousands of people in the world are killed each year
C．only stricter traffic laws can prevent accidents
D．the laws of some countries about driving are too strict
2．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A．It is right to build huge car parks in cities and towns.
B．All the drivers must be asked to take a test every year.
C．Working by car can save time and money.
D．Society overlooks drivers' rude driving.
3．Why does the author say “his car becomes the extension of his personality”？
A．Driving can show his real self.
B．Driving can bring out his good character.
C．Driving can make a man excited and joyful.
D．Driving can make a man quiet and pleasant.
4．The attitude of the author is ________.
A．approving
B．critical
C．sympathetic
D．aggressive
答案与解析
文章主要介绍了交通事故每年造成很多人死亡，但是却没有严格的交通法规对交通进行控制和管理，进而呼吁制定严格的法规来减少交通事故的发生。
1．C 主旨大意题。文章主要讲述了交通事故每年造成很多人死亡，但却没有严格的交通法规对交通进行控制和管理，再结合文章最后一段的内容可知，只有严格的法规才能减少交通事故的发生，故选C项。
2．D 判断正误题。根据第三段的“Cities and towns are made ugly by huge car parks.”可知A项表述不正确；根据第四段的“all the drivers should be made to take a test every three years or so”可知，B项表述不正确；C项文章中没有提到。故选D项。
3．A 细节理解题。从第二段中本句后面的内容可知，开车能使一个人表现出真正的自己，故选A项。
4．B 作者态度题。从文章的最后一句“After all, the world is for human beings, not motor cars.”可以看出，作者对目前的交通法规持批判的态度，故选B项。
Passage 2
(2017·重庆联合测试)
There are many things people don't believe in. But, some people do have doubts about things that do not appear to be believable at first, one of which is Santa Claus. I am not saying that most adults believe in the Santa Claus of their youth, but what about a real Santa Claus? You doubt this, I'm sure.
Well, the real Santa Claus can be alive and well through you. Yes, the real Santa Claus lives in the spirit of the human mind, represented by the deeds that are done for no reward or recognition. You don't need a Santa suit, or a beard. You can exercise your Santa Claus spirit throughout the year without having to wait for December, or snow.
You see, the spirit of giving says more about helping those in need; those who cannot afford the basics of life, or who are struggling to feed or clothe their family, or those seniors who are living alone on a fixed budget that is being constantly eroded through the continuous increase in living costs.
In is the spirit that means you help, give or assist without expecting anything in return. It means that you pass on good intentions, good deeds, and good will unselfishly. There are a number of people who share the spirit of Santa Claus throughout the year. If you doubt this, just make a visit to any number of community organizations and count the number of people volunteering their time and energy.
Santa Claus does not and should not only represent the commercialism we see during the holiday season where millions have been influenced to buy presents. The true spirit of Santa Claus goes well beyond. And, if you want to be a Santa Claus, go for it—there is no greater feeling than giving.
1．According to the author, a real Santa Claus ________.
A．needs to be dressed in a Santa suit
B．does good deeds just in snowy December
C．never expects anything in return
D．does not exist in the real world
2．What does the underlined word “eroded” in Paragraph 3 mean?
A．Decreased.
B．Calculated.
C．Fixed.
D．Maintained.
3．Why does the author suggest counting the number of people volunteering?
A．To publicize the spirit of real Santa Claus.
B．To confirm that more volunteers are still needed.
C．To advertise for the community organizations.
D．To show that many people are willing to give.
4．In the last paragraph, the author wants to ________.
A．criticize the commcercial use of Santa Claus
B．warn people not to be influenced by others
C．encourage people to be real Santa Clauses
D．persuade people to save for holidays
答案与解析
本文是一篇议论文。成年人都知道圣诞老人是假的，但是在我们的日常生活中，圣诞老人的精神却无处不在。因此从某种意义上讲，圣诞老人是真实存在的。
1．C 细节理解题。第二段说，圣诞老人活在人们的心中，他做好事从不求回报，这就是圣诞老人所代表的含义，因此选C项。
2．A 词义猜测题。该词所在部分说到这些退休老人的收入是固定的，而生活费则在不断上涨，因此这里表示他们的收入实际上是在下降，由此判断该词的含义是“降低”。
3．D 推理判断题。第四段说，正是圣诞老人的奉献精神鼓励我们传递正能量，帮助他人。如果你对此感到怀疑，那么你就去数一数那些愿意奉献出自己的时间和精力的人数。由此推断，作者建议我们去数一数这些志愿者的人数是为了说明很多人都愿意奉献，愿意给予。
4．C 推理判断题。最后一段说，圣诞老人代表的不只是节日期间的商业行为，而是超越了这一点。如果你想当圣诞老人，就去当吧！没有什么情感比奉献更美妙了！作者是在鼓励大家去做圣诞老人，奉献自己的时间和精力，因此选C项。
Passage 3
(2017·武汉高中毕业生调研)
A spelling mistake on a sign outside a state primary school had me banging my head in despair—but don't be panicked into thinking state education is fundamentally disabled.
There's a notice on our local park gate, made by a local state primary school pupil, saying, “There is know things like the poo fairy.” What a good idea—a campaign to encourage the dog owners among us to pick up their dogs' waste! And what an attractive and eyecatching poster! But “KNOW poo fairy”？ Why didn't the teacher check the spelling before the poster was completed and displayed before the public? Didn't he/she realize that not only is bad spelling a worry，but even worse—this is the sort of thing that could easily bring joy to Mr. Gore's heart, because it seems to prove him right—ordinary state schools bad and academies good? And the country may take his propaganda(宣传) seriously. Show the panicking parents one had spelling from a nonacademy school, suggesting that it's filled with wild and unqualified staff，and they'll be scared that their children will come out walking on all fours, and must be marched straight into an academy—an institution full of exam results and undemocratic management.
Don't fall for it, parents. Like thousands of teachers instate schools, and local authorities, you can care about children's education and standards of literacy, you can even love Latin，without signing up to the Gove brigade(队列). Just because he has had an insight into our terrors and recognized our dreams, it does mean that he just knows how to take us in and what works in his favor.
“That 'know poo' teacher has scored an own goal，” says Fielding，“and you're in a dilemma here. You're caught between your enthusiasm for accurate grammar and your wellmeaning social responsibilities.” Even Fielding doesn't get it. You can have the two things together—high standards in comprehensives. We do not need academies. You can manage it!
1. “Know” in the poster should probably be spelled as “__________”．
A. no
B. now
C. new
D. nor
2．Who is Mr. Gore in the passage?
A. A pupil's father concerned about education.
B. A teacher of a state primary school.
C. An advocate for academies.
D. An enthusiast of literacy.
3．We can learn from the passage that the author ________.
A. feels hopeless at the state primary education
B. tries to defend the spelling mistakes in the poster
C. thinks highly of academies' educational standard
D. is opposed to Mr. Gove's misleading propaganda
4．What is the author's attitude towards state primary education?
A. Negative.
B. Cooperative.
C. Encouraging.
D. Praiseful.
答案与解析
这是一篇议论文。一所公立小学的学生在公园竖的告示上写了错字，于是有人觉得公立学校不如私立学校好，作者驳斥了这个观点，说他相信公立学校的教育。
1．A 推理判断题。第二段作者谈到一个小学生在公园里竖的告示上写着“There is know things like the poo fairly.”，他是想让养狗的人把自己的狗的粪便清理干净，因此这里know 本来应该是no，表示“不许”。
2．C 推理判断题。第二段说，看到这个有错别字的告示，Gove先生会很高兴，因为这证明他是对的：普通的公立学校不好，而私立学校则很好。由此推断，他倡导上私立学校。
3．D 推理判断题。第三段作者叫家长不要上当，“你可以重视孩子的教育和识字的水平，你甚至可以喜欢拉丁语，但没必要加入Gove的队列”，由此看出，作者的看法与Gove 的正好相反，因此选D项。
4．C 推理判断题。关于公立小学的教育，作者在最后一段说，实现综合学校的高水准教学，我们不需要私立学校。显然作者对公立学校持鼓励的态度。
Passage 4
(2017·北京海淀期末练习)
Does everyone want a challenging job? In spite of all the attention focused by the media, academicians, and social scientists on human potential and the needs of individuals, there is no evidence to support that the vast majority of workers want challenging jobs. Some individuals prefer highly complex and challenging jobs；others develop in simple，routine work.
The individualdifference variable(变量) that seems to gain the greatest support for explaining who prefers a challenging job and who doesn't is the strength of an individual's needs for personal growth and selfdirection at work. Individuals with these higherorder growth needs are more responsive for challenging work. What percentage of ordinary workers actually desire higherorder need satisfactions and will respond positively to challenging jobs? No current data is available，but a study from the 1970s estimated the figure at about 15%. Even after adjusting for changing work attitudes and the growth in whitecollar jobs, it seems unlikely that the number today exceeds 40%.
The strongest voice advocating challenging jobs has not been workers—it's been professors, social science researchers, and
media
people.
Professors, researchers, and journalists undoubtedly made their career choices, to some degree, because they wanted jobs that gave them autonomy, recognition and challenge. That，of course，is their choice. But for them, to force their needs onto the workforce in general is presumptuous(冒昧的)．
Not every employee is looking for a challenging job. Many workers meet their higherorder need off the job. There are 168 hours in every individual's week. Work rarely consumes more than 30% of this time. That leaves considerable opportunities, even for individuals with strong growth needs, to find higherorder need satisfaction outside the workplace. So don't feel you have a responsibility to create challenging jobs for all your employees. For many people, work is something that will never excite or challenge them. And they don't expect to find their growth opportunities at work. Work is merely something they have to do to pay their bills. They can find challenges outside of work on the golf course, fishing, at their local pub, with their friends in social clubs，with their family，and the like.
1．What makes people choose challenging jobs?
A. Positive responses.
B. Work attitudes.
C. Higherorder growth needs.
D. Personal selfdirection.
2．Who is the least likely to prefer a challenging job?
A. College professors.
B. Construction workers.
C. Social researchers.
D. Media journalists.
3．The passage is intended for ________.
A. jobhunters
B. researchers
C. graduates
D. employers
4．Which is the best title for the passage?
A. Not Everyone Wants a Challenging Job
B. Complex Jobs Offer Growth Opportunities
C. Employers Should Create Challenging Jobs
D. Challenging Jobs Give a Sense of Recognition
答案与解析
这是一篇议论文。研究表明，大多数人并不喜欢有挑战性的工作。
1．C 细节理解题。第二段说，有高端成长需求的人对有挑战性的工作反应更快，由此可知，有些人喜欢有挑战性的工作是因为他们对高端成长的需求。
2．B 细节理解题。第三段说，最喜欢有挑战性的工作的群体是教授、社会科学研究者和媒体人，由此可知应选B项。
3．D 推理判断题。第一段说，没有证据表明大多数工人喜欢有挑战性的工作；最后一段说，不要以为你有责任给你的员工都安排有挑战性的工作。由此推断，本文是写给老板的。
4．A 主旨大意题。全文围绕人们是否需要有挑战性的工作展开讨论，阐述了并非人人都喜欢有挑战性的工作，其实喜欢有挑战性的工作的人比例很小，并分析了哪些人喜欢那样的工作，因此A项“不是每个人都喜欢有挑战性的工作”最适合做本文标题。
创新预测
Passage 1
“When I grow up, I want to be...”
Almost all of us have thought about, or been asked to think about, our future careers.
Our answers may differ greatly. Even now your aspirations (志向) may have changed from when you were in primary school.
However, it seems career options aren't only based on personal taste. In a survey carried out by Teens, doctors, lawyers and bankers were some of the most popular careers that people said they hoped to follow. This is in line with a similar survey carried out in the UK in May 2011 by job website monster.co.uk, in which medicine was the top choice among UK teenagers aged between 13 and 17.
Medicine and law are two of the oldest and best known professions. Their prestige (声望) may come from the fact that doctors and lawyers are some of the most esteemed members of society, and they make good money. Joining these highprofile (引人注目的) professions is often seen as a sign of upward social mobility.
It is equally unsurprising that banking is now one of the most common career choices. Youngsters worldwide think of banking and see the money rolling in. Wealth is increasingly becoming one of the most important indicators of a successful career. British young men list the UK business tycoon (大亨) Alan Sugar, Microsoft founder Bill Gates and Facebook chief Mark Zuckerberg as their top role models “for their wealth”， just as Chinese teenagers see being a banker as a good and fun pathway to “wealth”．
However, not every child has the makings of a doctor, lawyer or banker. There are those who see fulfilhnent (成就感) and happiness in other areas, and many teenagers dare to ink more individuality into their career options. As the Teens' survey discovered, a variety of unconventional (非传统的) jobs—coffee shop owner, gourmet (美食家), waiter at a fast food restaurant—are among teenagers' career choices. They can be equally interesting and rewarding jobs.
With every choice comes responsibility and challenge, and all career paths require specific education and training. You have to learn to balance optimism and confidence with being realistic about your particular talents and skills.
1．What is the top career choice among UK teenagers aged between 13 and 17 according to the article?
A．Law.
B．Medicine.
C．Bank.
D．Working in a coffee shop.
2．According to the article, all of the following are the benefits of being a doctor except ________.
A．the oldest profession
B. respect from others
C．high pay
D．upward social mobility
3．What do youngsters think is increasingly becoming one of the most indicators of a successful career?
A．Prestige.
B．Relationship.
C．Communication.
D．Wealth.
4．What's the passage mainly about?
A．A career in teenagers' mind.
B．Choose a good job is very important.
C．Teenagers in the UK like doctors.
D．The choice of career needs challenge.
答案与解析
1．B 细节理解题。从文章第三段的．..medicine was the top choice among UK teenagers aged between 13 and 17 看出答案。故选B项。
2．A 细节理解题。从文章第四段的Their prestige may come from the fact that doctors and lawyers are some of the most esteemed members of society, and they make good money. Joining these highprofile professions is often seen as a sign of upward social mobility.看出选项B、C、D是选医生这个职业的优势。A选项在本段也提到了，但不是它的优势。故选A项。
3．D 细节理解题。从文章第五段的Wealth is increasingly becoming one of the most important indicators of a successful career. 看出答案。故选D项。
4．A 主旨大意题。抓关键把握中心，从首句着手，文章介绍了通过对青少年的调查发现最受他们欢迎的职业是医生、律师和银行家。文章主要提到了中国和英国的青少年。故选A项。
Passage 2
If you are a recent social science graduate who has had to listen to jokes about unemployment from your computer major classmates, you may have had the last laugh.There are many advantages for the social science major because this hightech “Information Age” demands people who are flexible and who have good communication skills.
There are many social science majors in large companies who fill important positions.For example, a number of research studies found that social science majors had achieved greater managerial success than those who had technical training courses.Studies show that social science majors are most suited for change, which is the leading feature of the kind of highspeed, highpressure, hightech world we now live in.
Social science majors are not only experiencing success in their longterm company jobs, but they are also finding jobs more easily.A study showed that many companies had filled a large percentage of their entrylevel positions with social science graduates.The study also showed that the most soughtafter quality in a person who was looking for a job was communication skills, noted as “very important” by 92 percent of the companies.Social science majors have these skills, often without knowing how important they are.It is probably due to these skills that they have been offered a wide variety of positions.
Finally, although some social science majors may still find it more difficult than their technically trained classmates to land the first job, recent graduates report that they don' t regret their choice of study.
1．By saying that “you may have had the last laugh” in the first paragraph, the author means that you may have ________.
A．shared the jokes with computer majors
B．earned as much as computer majors
C．found jobs more easily than computer majors
D．stopped joking about computer majors
2．Compared with graduates of other subjects, social science graduates ________.
A．are ready to change when situations change
B．are better able to deal with difficulties
C．are equally good at computer skills
D．are likely to give others pressure
3．The underlined word “land” in the last paragraph probably means ________.
A．keep for some time
B．successfully get
C．immediately start
D．lose regretfully
4．According to the text, what has made it easy for social
science graduates to find jobs?
A．Willingness to take lowpaid jobs.
B．Readiness to gain hightech knowledge.
C．Skills in expressing themselves.
D．Parttime work experience.
答案与解析
1．C 句意理解题。根据第一段的内容可知，如果你是社会科学专业的毕生生，你就会比计算机专业的毕业生容易找工作。故选C。
2．A 细节理解题。根据第二段的Studies show that social science majors are most suited for change 可知选A。
3．B 词义猜测题。根据最后一段land 所在的句子可知，land 在此处指“成功找到”。故选B。
4．C 细节理解题。根据第三段的内容可知，很多公司需要用有交流技能的人，社会科学专业的毕业生有这种能力，所以他们很容易找到工作。故选C。
Passage 3
Music lessons in early childhood bring about changes in the brain that could improve its performance far into adulthood, researchers say.
Brain scans of young adults showed those who had formal musical training before the age of seven had thicker brain areas dealing with hearing and selfawareness.
The
findings
note
how
brain
development
can
be influenced by the age when children start to learn a musical instrument ，and how those changes can continue into later life.
“Early musical training benefits kids more than just making them enjoy music. It changes the brain, which could bring about cognitive(认知的)advances as well，” said Yunxin Wang of Beijing Normal University.
“Our results suggest it's better to start musical training before the age of seven, which agrees with what most piano teachers recommend，” she added. She hoped the results might help parents decide when was the best for their children to learn an instrument.
The brain's cortex (皮层)plays a leading role in one's abilities，from thought and language to memory and attention. The area matures rapidly in the early years of life, and its development could be affected more if a person starts musical training before it fully matures.
Wang studied 48 Chinese students aged between 19 and 21 who had received formal music training for at least a year sometime between the ages of 3 and 15. Each had a scan to measure the thickness of the brain's cortex.
After considering sex and the number of years spent having music lessons, Wang found that musical training that started before the age of seven appeared to thicken areas of the brain involved in language skills and executive function, which is a person's ability to plan and accomplish tasks.
“We're not sure why these changes occur, but a reasonable explanation is that early starters might depend more on hearing clues (线索) when learning music, since it might be more difficult for younger children to read music，” Wang said.
1．According to the researchers ，musical training before the age
of seven can ________.
A. contribute to future work
B. create a successful life
C. develop allround abilities
D. deal with puzzling problems
2．When conducting the research with the students, Wang ________.
A. tested their language abilities
B. watched their musical performances
C. focused on school behavior and achievements
D. measured the thickness of the brain's cortex
3．It can be inferred from the last paragraph that ________.
A. it must be hard for kids to read music
B. kids are more likely to learn music by hearing
C. Wang's explanation has been the most reasonable
D. Wang will research into the reasons for the brain change
4．For what purpose does the author write the text?
A. To describe the development of brain.
B. To challenge the previous discoveries.
C. To present the findings of the research.
D. To give advice on how to learn music.
答案与解析
这是一篇议论文。北京师范大学的一项研究发现，儿童早期的音乐训练可以提高成年时的脑力，这一发现强调孩提时期的乐器学习如何对大脑发展产生影响以及这些影响是如何在日后生活中延续的。
1．A 推理判断题。根据文章第二、三、四段可知，7岁之前有过正规音乐训练的人，处理听力和自我意识的大脑区域会相对更厚，而且这些变化能延续到以后的生活中。故选A项。
2．D 细节理解题。根据第七段中的“Each had a scan to measure the thickness of the brain's cortex”可知，选择D项。
3．B 推理判断题。最后一段说不确定为什么会出现这些变化，但有一个合理的解释，那就是儿童早期学习音乐的时候可能很难读音乐，于是他们更多地依靠自己的听觉线索，也就是说，孩子们更可能通过听觉来学音乐，因此选B项。
4．C 写作意图题。本文主要是关于研究人员对于孩子早期学习音乐对大脑发育的研究的介绍，因此本文的写作意图就是介绍一项研究的成果，因此选C项。
Passage 4
Facebook(脸谱网) friends cannot replace the real thing, say psychologists.
People are happier and laugh 50% more when they talk face to face with friends or via webcam(web camera) than when they use social networking sites, a study has found.
Dr. Roberts, a famous lecturer at the University of Chester, said such websites don't appear to help people make true friendships. Based on two questionnaries(调查表), he found there was no link between Facebook use and people with larger groups of friends.
Dr. Roberts, whose work will be presented at the British Psychological Society Annual Conference in Harrogate, said, “The bottom line is that our relationships are not dependent on the quantity of our communication. They depend on quality, and even Skype(网络电话) is better at increasing the quality of our communication than time spent on Facebook.” Even talking on the phone or texting does not make people feel as good as sharing a smile, the research says. The studies suggest quality, not quantity, of communication is the most important for keeping friends for life.
People find the most satisfying relationships come from a small number of close friends, with an outer “ring” of 10 significant others. With these people, it doesn't matter what type of social media you use for communication. But people who want to “contact the world at large” using Facebook can be disappointed, because they_spread_themselves_too_thinly,_claim researchers.
In a third study, Dr. Roberts asked people to communicate with friends face to face or via Skype and keep a 14day diary. This was compared with communicating via phone, text messages or social networking sites. People communicating face to face or on Skype were 50% more likely to laugh, and they rated themselves as significantly happier.
1．Dr. Roberts's finding that there was no connection between Facebook use and people with many friends was ________.
A．based on questionnaires
B．based on conversations
C．through instant messages
D．through social media
2．What is the main idea of the fourth paragraph?
A．Most people contact each other online.
B．Keeping a friend for life is not easy.
C．The quality of communication is the most important for keeping friends for life.
D．Skype is better at understanding us than Facebook.
3．What does the underlined sentence in the fifth paragraph probably suggest?
A．They are too excited to express themselves.
B．They limit their social circle to a small range.
C．They spread their information at a low speed.
D．They lack information to introduce themselves.
4．What is Dr. Roberts's attitude towards the use of Facebook?
A．Positive.
B．Casual.
C．Responsible.
D．Unsupportive.
答案与解析
这是一篇议论文。心理学家说，社交网站并不能让我们得到真正的友情。研究表明，人们与朋友当面交流或者使用Skype 等方式比在脸谱网等社交网站上交流更快乐。
1．A 细节理解题。第三段中说Dr. Roberts 的研究是“Based on two questionnaires(调查表)”，因此选A项。
2．C 段落大意题。第四段的最后一句是该段的中心句，即交朋友最重要的是交流的质量而不是数量，因此选C。
3．B 推理判断题。根据画线部分所在句的转折连词“But”及“disappointed”可知，画线部分的语境与前面的“contact the world at large”相反，因此其含义应是B，他们缩小自己的社交圈。
4．D 推理判断题。文章第一句就说，脸谱网上的朋友不能替代真正的朋友；再根据第三段中的“such websites don't appear to help people make true friendships”可知，Dr. Roberts 对使用脸谱网是不支持的。
三、说明文
高考精萃
Passage 1
(2017·安徽卷)
You are the collector in the gallery of your life. You collect. You might not mean to but you do. One out of three people collects tangible(有形的) things such as cats，photos and noisy toys.
These are among some 40 collections that are being shown at “The Museum Of”—the first of several new museums which, over the next two years, will exhibit the objects accumulated by unknown collectors. In doing so, they will promote a popular culture of museums, not what museums normally represent.
Some of the collections are fairly common—records，model houses. Others are strangely beautiful—branches that have fallen from trees，for example. But they all reveal(显露) a lot of things: ask someone what they collect and their answers will tell you who they are.
Others on the way include “The Museum of Collectors” and “The Museum of Me.” These new ones, it is hoped, will build on the success of “The Museum Of.” The thinkers behind the project want to explore why people collect，and what it means to do so. They hope that visitors who may not have considered themselves collectors will begin to see they，too，collect.
Some collectors say they started or stopped making collections at important points: the beginning or end of adolescence—“it's a growingup thing；you stop when you grow up，” says one. Other painful times are mentioned, such as the end of a relationship. For time and life can seem so uncontrollable that a steady serial(顺序排列的) arrangement is comforting.
1．How will the new museums promote a popular culture of museums?
A. By collecting more tangible things.
B. By showing what ordinary people have collected.
C. By correcting what museums normally represent.
D. By accumulating 40 collections two years from now.
2．What can be learned about collectors from their collections?
A. Who they are.
B. How old they are.
C. Where they were born.
D. Why they might not mean to collect.
3．Which of the following is an aim of the new museums?
A. To help people sell their collections.
B. To encourage more people to collect.
C. To study the significance of collecting.
D. To find out why people visit museums.
4．According to the last paragraph, people may stop collecting when they ________.
A. become adults
B. feel happy with life
C. are ready for a relationship
D. feel time to be uncontrollable
答案与解析
本文向我们介绍了当今一种新型的收藏方式及收藏品的情况。
1．B 细节理解题。根据第二段的“...will exhibit the objects accumulated by unknow collectors. In doing so...”可知B项正确。
2．A 细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句可知A项正确。
3．C 细节理解题。根据第四段可知C项正确。
4．A 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“the beginning or end of adolescence—when you grow up”知A项正确。
Passage 2
(2017·辽宁卷)
Would it surprise you to learn that, like animals, trees communicate with each other and pass on their wealth to the next generation?
UBC Professor Simard explains how trees are much more complex than most of us ever imagined. Although Charles Darwin thought that trees are competing for survival of the fittest, Simard shows just how wrong he was. In fact, the_opposite_is_true:_trees survive through their cooperation and support, passing around necessary nutrition “depending on who needs it”．
Nitrogen (氮) and carbon are shared through miles of underground fungi (真菌) networks, making sure that all trees in the forest ecological system give and receive just the right amount to keep them all healthy. This hidden system works in a very similar way to the networks of neurons (神经元) in our brains, and when one tree is destroyed, it affects all.
Simard talks about “mother trees”， usually the largest and oldest plants on which all other trees depend. She explains how dying trees pass on the wealth to the next generation, transporting important minerals to young trees so they may continue to grow. When humans cut down “mother trees” with no awareness of these highly complex “tree societies” or the networks on which they feed, we are reducing the chances of survival for the entire forest.
“We didn't take any notice of it，” Simard says sadly. “Dying trees move nutrition into the young trees before dying, but we never give them chance.” If we could put across the message to the forestry industry, we could make a huge difference towards our environmental protection efforts for the future.
1．The underlined sentence “the opposite is true” in Paragraph 2 probably means that trees ________.
A．compete for survival
B．protect their own wealth
C．depend on each other
D．provide support for dying trees
2．“Mother trees” are extremely important because they ________.
A．look the largest in size in the forest
B．pass on nutrition to young trees
C．seem more likely to be cut down by humans
D．know more about the complex “tree societies”
3．The underlined word “it” in the last paragraph refers to ________.
A．how “tree societies” work
B．how trees grow old
C．how forestry industry develops
D．how young trees survive
4．What would be the best title for the passage?
A．Old Trees Communicate Like Humans
B．Young Trees Are In Need Of Protection
C．Trees Are More Awesome Than You Think
D．Trees Contribute To Our Society
答案与解析
一位植物学教授认为：在“树木社会”中，它们彼此依赖、相互合作，一棵树遭到毁坏，其他树木就会受到影响。
1．C 句意理解题。根据画线句子后的内容“trees survive through their cooperation and support, passing around necessary nutrition “depending on who needs it”．可知答案为C项。
2．B 细节理解题。根据第四段第一、二句可知。
3．A 推理判断题。代词it 通常用来指代上文的内容，根据第四段最后一句“When humans cut down ‘mother trees’ with no awareness of these highly complex ‘tree societies’ or the networks on which they feed, we are reducing the chances of survival for the entire forest.”可知答案。
4．C 主旨大意题。本文属于科普知识介绍，但作者用寓言故事般的叙述方式告诉我们树木是神奇的，它们有自己的社会，有自己的生存法则，比我们想象的更令人敬畏。
Passage 3
(2017·山东卷)
The kids in this village wear ditty, ragged clothes. They sleep beside cows and sheep in huts made of sticks and mud. They have no school.
Yet they all can chant the English alphabet, and some can make words.
The key to their success: 20 tablet computers (平板电脑)dropped off in their Ethiopian village in February by a U．S. group called One Laptop Per Child.
The goal is to find out whether kids using today's new technology can teach themselves to read in places where no schools or teachers
exist.
The
Massachusetts
Institute
of Technology researchers analyzing the project data say they're already amazed. “What I think has already happened is that the kids have already learned more than they would have in one year of kindergarten，” said Matt Keller, who runs the Ethiopia program.
The fastest learner—and the first to turn on one of the tablets—is 8yearold Kelbesa Negusse. The device's camera was disabled to save memory, yet within weeks Kelbesa had figured out its workings and made the camera work. He called himself a lion, a marker of accomplishment in Ethiopia.
With his tablet, Kelbesa rearranged the letters HSROE into one of the many English animal names he knows. Then he spelled words on his own.
“Seven months ago he didn't know any English. That's unbelievable，” said Keller.
The project aims to get kids to a stage called “deep reading，”
where they can
read
to learn,
it won't be
in Amharic, Ethiopia's first language, but in English, which is widely seen as the ticket to higher paying jobs.
1．How does the Ethiopia program benefit the kids in the village?
A. It trains teachers for them.
B. It contributes to their selfstudy.
C. It helps raise their living standards.
D. It provides funds for building schools.
2．What can we infer from Keller's words in Paragraph 3?
A. They need more time to analyze data.
B. More children are needed for the research.
C. He is confident about the future of the project.
D. The research should be carried out in kindergartens.
3．It amazed Keller that with the tablet Kelbesa could ________.
A. learn English words quickly
B. draw pictures of animals
C. write letters to researchers
D. make phone calls to his friends
4．What is the aim of the project?
A. To offer Ethiopians higher paying jobs.
B. To make Amharic widely used in the world.
C. To help Ethiopian kids read to learn in English.
D. To assist Ethiopians in learning their first language.
答案与解析
本文为说明文。主要介绍了在埃塞俄比亚开启一个“一孩一笔记本电脑”项目，旨在让孩子达到一个“深度阅读”的阶段，以此来学会阅读。
1．B 细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“The goal is to find out whether kids using today's new technology can teach themselves to read in places where no schools or teachers exist.”可知，这个项目的目标是看一看在没有学校和老师的地方，使用新技术的孩子是否能够通过自学学会阅读。故B项正确。
2．C 推理判断题。根据文章第三段中凯勒的话可知，事实证明，通过这个项目，孩子们学到的知识比他们在幼儿园待一年学到的还多。因此他对这个项目的前景是充满信心的，故选C项。
3．A 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段第二句“Then he spelled words on his own.”和其末尾凯勒所说的“Seven months ago he didn't know any English. That's unbelievable...”可知，七个月前Kelbesa 不懂英语，而现在可以重新排列字母HSROE，把它们重新组合成自己所知道的一种动物的名字，然后自己拼写单词，因此A项正确。
4．C 推理判断题。根据最后一段可知这个项目旨在让埃塞俄比亚的孩子们通过深度阅读达到学习英语的目的，故选C项。
Passage 4
(2017·陕西卷)
Why do Americans struggle with watching their weight, while the French, who consume rich food, continue to stay thin? Now a research by Cornell University suggests how life style and decisions about eating may affect weight. Researchers conclude that the French tend to stop eating when they feel full. However, Americans tend to stop when their plate is empty or their favorite TV show is over.
According to Dr. Joseph Mercola, a health expert, the French see eating as an important part of their lifestyle. They enjoy food and therefore spend a fairly long time at the table, while Americans see eating as something to be squeezed between the other daily activities. Mercola believes Americans lose the ability to sense when they are actually full. So they keep eating long after the French would have stopped. In addition, he points out that Americans drive to huge supermarkets to buy canned and frozen foods for the week. The French, instead, tend to shop daily, walking to small shops and farmers' markets where they have a choice of fresh fruits, vegetables, and eggs as well as highquality meats for each meal.
After a visit to the United States, Mireille Guiliano, author of French Women Don't Get Fat, decided to write about the importance of knowing when to stop rather than suggesting how to avoid food. Today she continues to stay slim and rarely goes to the gym.
In spite of all these differences, evidence shows that recent lifestyle changes may be affecting French eating habits. Today the rate of obesity—or extreme overweight—among adults is only 6%. However, as American fast food gains acceptance and the young reject older traditions, the obesity rate among French children has reached 17%—and is growing.
1．In what way are the French different from Americans according to Dr. Joseph Mercola?
A．They go shopping at supermarkets more frequently.
B．They squeeze eating between the other daily activities.
C．They regard eating as a key part of their lifestyle.
D．They usually eat too much canned and frozen food.
2．This text is mainly about the relationship between ________.
A．Americans and the French
B．lifestyle and obesity
C．children and adults
D．fast food and overweight
3．This text is mainly developed ________.
A．by contrast B．by space
C．by process
D．by classification
4．Where does this text probably come from?
A．A TV interview.
B．A food advertisement.
C．A health report. D．A book review.
答案与解析
本文为说明文。文章通过对比美国人与法国人的生活方式，向我们讲述了生活方式对体重的影响。
1．C 细节理解题。由第二段第一句可知，法国人把饮食当作生活方式的重要组成部分，故C项正确。A、B、D三项都是针对美国人。
2．B 主旨大意题。研究、资讯报道类的文章，主旨句往往出现在study, research, report 等词之后。本文首段第二句为中心句，主要讲述了生活方式与肥胖之间的关系。
3．A 篇章结构题。在讲述生活方式对体重的影响时，本文采用了对比的方式，对比了美国人与法国人在生活方式上的差异，故选A项。
4．C 推理判断题。本文的中心内容与健康有关，且由首段第二句中的“research”推断，本文摘自一篇健康报道。A项意为“电视采访”；B项意为“饮食广告”；D项意为“书评”，均不符合文意。
Passage 5
(2017·四川卷)
With around 100 students scheduled to be in that 9 am Monday morning lecture, it is no surprise that almost 20 people actually make it to the class and only 10 of them are still awake after the first 15 minutes; it is not even a surprise that most of them are still in their pyjamas (睡衣). Obviously, students are terrible at adjusting their sleep cycles to their daily schedule.
All human beings possess a body clock. Along with other alerting (警报) systems, this governs the sleep/wake cycle and is therefore one of the main processes which govern sleep behaviour. Typically, the preferred sleep/wake cycle is delayed in adolescents, which leads to many students not feeling sleepy until much later in the evenings. This typical sleep pattern is usually referred to as the “night owl” schedule of sleep.
This is opposed to the “early bird” schedule, and is a kind of disorder where the individual tends to stay up much past midnight. Such a person has great difficulty in waking up in the mornings. Research suggests that night owls feel most alert and function best in the evenings and at night. Research findings have shown that about 20 percent of people can be classified as “night owls” and only 10 percent can be classified as “early birds”—the other 70 percent are in the middle. Although this is clearly not true for all students, for the ones who are true night owls this gives them an excellent excuse for missing their lectures which unfortunately fall before midday.
1．What does the author stress in Paragraph 1?
A．Many students are absent from class.
B．Students are very tired on Monday mornings.
C．Students do not adjust their sleep patterns well.
D．Students are not well prepared for class on Mondays.
2．Which of the following is true according to Paragraph 2?
A．Most students prefer to get up late in the morning.
B．Students don't sleep well because of alerting systems.
C．One's body clock governs the sleep/wake cycle independently.
D．Adolescents' delayed sleep/wake cycle isn't the preferred pattern.
3．Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word “classified”？
A．Criticised.
B．Grouped.
C．Organised.
D．Named.
4．What does the text mainly talk about?
A．Functions of the body clock.
B．The “night owl” phenomenon.
C．Human beings' sleep behaviour.
D．The school schedule of “early birds”．
答案与解析
研究人员发现睡眠模式有三大类，其中一些青少年像猫头鹰一样，喜欢熬夜，但是不能早起。这种睡眠模式到底是好是坏呢？
1．C 细节理解题。根据第一段第一句可知作者描述了学生们的上课状况；根据第一段最后这一总结性语句可知作者想要强调的是学生们对他们的睡眠模式很不适应。
2．D 细节理解题。根据第二段第三句内容可知，青少年推迟睡觉时间不是一种首选的睡眠模式。第二段没有提到A项内容；根据第二段第三句可知B项错误；根据第二段第二句可知C项错误。
3．B 词义猜测题。根据画线单词所在句的句意及关键词语“20 percent”“10 percent”，并结合常识可知，该词意思是“归类，分类”。criticise “批评，指责”；group “分类，分组”；organise “组织”；name “命名”。
4．B 主旨大意题。通读全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了青少年中有一些人喜欢熬夜，不喜欢早起，这种睡眠模式被称为night owl，因此B项最能概括文章主旨。
Passage 6
(2017·课标全国卷Ⅰ)
Passenger pigeons (旅鸽) once flew over much of the United States in unbelievable numbers. Written accounts from the 18th and 19th centuries described flocks (群) so large that they darkened the sky for hours.
It was calculated that when its population reached its highest point，they were more than 3 billlion passenger pigeons—a number equal to 24 to 40 percent of the total bird population in the United States, making it perhaps the most abundant bird in the world. Even as late as 1870 when their numbers had already become smaller, a flock believed to be 1 mile wide and 320 miles (about 515 kilometers) long was seen near Cincinnati.
Sadly, the abundance of passenger pigeons may have been their undoing. Where the birds were most abundant, people believed there was an everlasting supply and killed them by the thousands. Commercial hunters attracted them to small clearings with grain, waited until pigeons had settled to feed, then threw large nets over them, taking hundreds at a time. The birds were shipped to large cities and sold in restaurants.
By the closing decades of the 19th century，the hardwood forests where passenger pigeons nested had been damaged by Americans' need for wood, which scattered (驱散) the flocks and forced the birds to go farther north, where cold temperatures and spring storms contributed to their decline. Soon the great flocks were gone, never to be seen again.
In 1897, the state of Michigan passed a law prohibiting the killing of passenger pigeons, but by then, no sizable flocks had been seen in the state for 10 years. The last confirmed wild pigeon in the United States was shot by a boy in Pike County, Ohio, in 1900. For a time, a few birds survived under human care. The last of them, known affectionately as Martha, died at the Cincinnati Zoological Garden on September1,1914.
1．In the 18th and early 19th centuries, passenger pigeons ________.
A．were the biggest bird in the world
B．lived mainly in the south of America
C．did great harm to the natural environment
D．were the largest bird population in the US
2．The underlined word “undoing” probably refers to the pigeons' ________.
A．escape
B．ruin
C．liberation
D．evolution
3．What was the main reason for people to kill passenger pigeons?
A．To seek pleasure.
B．To save other birds.
C．To make money.
D．To protect crops.
4．What can we infer about the law passed in Michigan?
A．It was ignored by the public.
B．It was declared too late.
C．It was unfair.
D．It was strict.
答案与解析
本文介绍了美国的旅鸽从数量众多，逐渐减少直到灭绝的过程。
1．D 推理判断题。由第一段的第二句以及第二段可知，在18世纪以及19世纪早期，旅鸽是美国数量最多的鸟类。
2．B 词义猜测题。由第三段第一句开头的“Sadly”可知undoing 表示一个“消极的，非人们所期望的”词义，故排除C项和D项；再由下一句可知旅鸽遭到人类的捕杀，故排除A项，选择B项。
3．C 推理判断题。由第三段第三句和第四句可知，旅鸽遭到捕杀的主要原因是人们为了挣钱。
4．B 推理判断题。由最后一段的第一、二句可知，虽然密歇根州通过了禁止捕杀旅鸽的法律，但那时已经为时已晚。
Passage 7
(2017·课标全国卷Ⅱ)
Since the first Earth Day in 1970，Americans have gotten a lot “greener” toward the environment. “We didn't know at that time that there even was an environment, let alone that there was a problem with it，” says Bruce Anderson, president of Earth Day USA.
But what began as nothing important in public affairs has grown into a social movement.Business people, political leaders, university professors, and especially millions of grassroots Americans are taking part in the movement. “The understanding has increased many，many times，” says Gaylord Nelson, the former governor from Wisconsin, who thought up the first Earth Day.
According to US government reports, emissions (排放) from cars and trucks have dropped from 10.3 million tons a year to 5.5 million tons.The number of cities producing CO beyond the standard has been reduced from 40 to 9.Although serious problems still remain and need to be dealt with, the world is a safer and healthier place. A kind of “green thinking” has become part of practices.
Great improvement has been achieved. In 1988 there were only 600 recycling programs; today in 1995 there are about 6,600. Advanced lights, motors, and building designs have helped save a lot of energy and therefore prevented pollution.
Twentyfive years ago, there were hardly any education programs for environment. Today, it's hard to find a public school, university, or law school that does not have such a kind of program.” Until we do that, nothing else will change！” says Bruce Anderson.
1．According to Anderson, before 1970, Americans had little idea about ________.
A．the social movement
B．recycling techniques
C．environmental problems
D．the importance of Earth Day
2．Where does the support for environmental protection mainly come from?
A．The grassroots level.
B．The business circle.
C．Government officials.
D．University professors.
3．What have Americans achieved in environmental protection?
A．They have cut car emissions to the lowest.
B．They have settled their environmental problems.
C．They have lowered their CO levels in forty cities.
D．They have reduced pollution through effective measures.
4．What is especially important for environmental protection according to the last paragraph?
A．Education.
B．Planning.
C．Green living.
D．CO reduction.
答案与解析
自从1970年第一个“地球日”以来，美国人对环境有了更强烈的保护意识，越来越多的美国人参与到这一运动中来。汽车和卡车的尾气排放和产生一氧化碳城市的数量都大大减少了。
1．C 细节理解题。由第一段布鲁斯·安德森所说的话“We didn't know at that time that there even was an environment, let alone that there was a problem with it...”可推知答案为C项。
2．A 细节理解题。由第二段第二句“Business people, political leaders, university professors, and especially millions of grassroots Americans are taking part in the movement.”可知答案为A项。
3．D 推理判断题。由第三段和第四段可知，美国通过一系列有效措施，减少了污染，更好地保护了环境。故选D项。
4．A 推理判断题。由最后一段中的“education programs”可推知，本段主要介绍了教育对于保护环境的重要性。故选A项。
Passage 8
(2017·重庆卷)
Almost every machine with moving parts has wheels, yet no one knows exactly when the first wheel was invented or what it was used for. We do know, however, that they existed over 5,500 years ago in ancient Asia.
The oldest known transport wheel was discovered in 2002 in Slovenia. It is over 5,100 years old. Evidence suggests that wheels for transport didn't become popular for a while, though. This could be because animals did a perfectly good job of carrying farming tools and humans around.
But it could also be because of a difficult situation. While wheels need to roll on smooth surfaces, roads with smooth surfaces weren't going to be constructed until there was plenty of demand for them. Eventually, road surfaces did become smoother, but this difficult situation appeared again a few centuries later. There had been no important changes in wheel and vehicle design before the arrival of modern road design.
In the mid1700s, a Frenchman came up with a new design of road—a base layer(层)of large stones covered with a thin layer of smaller stones. A Scotsman improved on this design in the 1820s and a strong, lasting road surface became a reality. At around the same time, metal hubs (the central part of a wheel) came into being, followed by the pneumatic tyre (充气轮胎) in 1846. Alloy wheels were invented in 1967, sixty years after the appearance of tarmacked roads (柏油路). As wheel design took off, vehicles got faster and faster.
1．What might explain why transport wheels didn't become popular for some time?
A．Few knew how to use transport wheels.
B．Humans carried farming tools just as well.
C．Animals were a good means of transport.
D．The existence of transport wheels was not known.
2．What do we know about road design from the passage?
A. It was easier than wheel design.
B. It improved after big changes in vehicle design.
C. It was promoted by fastmoving vehicles.
D. It provided conditions for wheel design to develop.
3．How is the last paragraph mainly developed?
A. By giving examples.
B. By making comparisons.
C. By following time order.
D. By making classifications.
4．What is the passage mainly about?
A．The beginning of road design.
B．The development of transport wheels.
C．The history of public transport.
D．The invention of fastmoving vehicles.
答案与解析
本文为说明文。介绍了作为交通工具重要部件的轮子的发明、轮子的应用普及以及轮子的不断改进和完善。
1．C 细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句可知，动物可以携带农具和载人，因此那时动物是一种很好的交通工具。
2．D 推理判断题。根据第三、四段可知，轮子的设计随着道路条件的改善而得到了不断的改进，故选D项。
3．C 细节理解题。根据最后一段可知，18世纪中叶，一位法国人提出了一种新的道路设计；19世纪20年代一位苏格兰人进行了改进，同时期出现了金属轮毂；之后1846年出现了充气轮胎；1907年出现了柏油路；1967年发明了合金轮胎。由此可知，该段是按时间顺序逐步阐述的。
4．B 主旨大意题。本文从轮子的发明到不断改进介绍了车轮的发展历史。
模拟精选
Passage 1
(2017·辽宁五校第一协作体联考)
What is Friendship Force International? Friendship Force International provides opportunities to explore new countries and cultures from the inside by bringing people together at the personal level. Through the signature program of home hospitality, local hosts welcome international visitors into their culture, sharing with them meals, conversation, and the best sights and experiences of their region.
In a typical Friendship Force program, a local club prepares a series of cultural activities, inviting members from clubs in other countries to come and stay with them in their homes for up to a week.
There are many ways to explore the world through Friendship Force. For example, you may：
—Join a group making a cultural exploration of another country or of another region of your own country.
—Bring the world to your doorstep by hosting international visitors in your home.
—Join a cultural travel program formed around common interests such as gardening, hiking, wine and many others.
—Get involved with a Friendship Force club in your city，or organize one yourself.
1．According to the passage above, Friendship Force International will help you________.
A．know more about the life of the people living in ancient times
B．book cheap air tickets and choose hotels online
C．have a better knowledge of new countries and cultures
D．live and work for a short period of time in other countries
2．In a typical Friendship Force program, visitors will probably live________.
A．in local hosts' homes
B．in hotels
C．on campus
D．on the doorstep
3．The aim of this passage is to ________.
A．argue about the future of Friendship Force
B．attract people to take part in Friendship Force programs
C．introduce the history of Friendship force
D．explain the reasons for setting up Friendship Force
答案与解析
本文主要介绍了Friendship Force International 所提供的服务。该组织下的俱乐部每年都会组织不同国家的会员互访，以使人们了解不同地域的社会和风土人情。
1．C 细节理解题。由第一段第二句中的“Friendship Force International provides opportunities to explore new countries and cultures”可知，应选C项。
2．A 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“to come and stay with them in their homes”可知，俱乐部会员会住进当地人家里。
3．B 写作意图题。文章前两段介绍了Friendship Force International 的职能，第三段则介绍加入该组织后的活动，由此可知本文旨在吸引人们加入该组织。
Passage 2
(2017·石家庄一模)
April 15th marks the 102nd anniversary of the sinking of the Titanic. The 11storey ship was not just very large, but also unusually luxurious(奢华的). It is therefore not surprising that the sinking of the Titanic continues to attract the interest of people of all ages，even today.
Over the years, there have been many books about this tragedy. However，very few have been written from the perspective(观点) of the young passengers. This is why I Survived the Sinking of the Titanic, 1912 by Lauren Tarshis is fun and different. The author uses facts from the real tragedy and makes up a heartstopping adventure story starring a smart and brave boy George Calder. After spending an exciting vacation in England with their Aunt Daisy, tenyearold George and his little sister Phoebe, were heading home to America, aboard the greatest ship on earth, the Titanic!
Then on the night of April 14th, the first sign of disaster appeared—the luxury ship hit a huge iceberg. But given that everybody in the world knew that the Titanic was unsinkable, there was very little cause for panic. They were all confident that the ship's engineers would be able to repair the “slight” damage that had been caused by the iceberg.
This, of course, turned out to be untrue. Within a few hours the Titanic was not only sinking, but faster than most people had time to react. Added to this was the fact that there were not enough lifeboats to take all the passengers to shore. When the emergency call to get on the deck came, George realized that his sister Phoebe was missing.
Will George be able to find his sister and help her get to shore? To find out，be sure to read I Survived the Sinking of the Titanic, 1912.
1．Who is the main character of I Survived the Sinking of the Titanic, 1912?
A. Lauren Tarshis.
B. Daisy.
C. George Calder.
D. Phoebe.
2．What can be learnt about the book?
A. It attracts people of all ages.
B. It tells an adventure story.
C. It was finished in 1912 in America.
D. It was written by a young passenger.
3．What happened the moment the ship hit a huge iceberg?
A. The ship wasn't seriously damaged.
B. George realized Phoebe was missing.
C. The ship sank immediately.
D. The passengers weren't worried at all.
4．What made it more difficult for all the passengers to survive?
A. The lack of lifeboats.
B. The unskilled engineers.
C. No emergency call.
D. The disorder caused by panic.
答案与解析
本文介绍了I Survived the Sinking of the Titanic，1912这本书的作者、主要人物以及泰坦尼克号沉没的过程。
1．C 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The author uses facts...boy George Calder.”可知，选C项。
2．B 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“makes up a heart stopping adventure story”可知，选B项。
3．D 细节理解题。根据第三段中的最后两句可知，当泰坦尼克号撞到冰山的时候，人们并没有惊慌，他们相信工程师可以修好船，不担心船会沉没。故选D项。
4．A 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Added to this was the fact that there were not enough lifeboats to take all the passengers to shore.”可知，缺少救生艇增加了人们逃生的困难。故选A项。
Passage 3
(2017·郑州第二次质量预测)
It's wonderful to go to another country, complete a volunteer project and feel that you really have a positive influence. But how can you become an international volunteer?
*Plan practically. Contact the organization a few months before leaving and find out if there are materials which are rare and hard to attain for the project. What you often consider plentiful here, such as nails or hammers, is in great need in other parts of the world.
*Do the project together, not on your own. You are a guest in the community. The most successful result is not that you build something and walk away, but that you and the community build something as a team. Share skills and build together.
*Be flexible. Not everything is going to happen as planned. Often the country doesn't have the right tools, manpower, transportation or funds to get all the needed work done. In a word, it lacks infrastructure(基础设施)．
*Connect with the people in the community. Often you will have “downtime” outside of the range of the project. Rather than retreat to the group with whom you traveled, be sure to spend time with the people of the community. Listen to the things about their lives. If you can't speak the language, smiles work wonders. And you will be surprised—you will find a way to cmmunicate!
Volunteering is a special and lifechanging experience for everyone involved. Be prepared that the person who may be changed most is you. It's a joyful, often careful experience which will encourage you to view yourself, your neighbors and your world quite differently.
1．When you volunteer to join in a project，you are advised to ________.
A. build something and walk away
B. make good preparations in advance
C. avoid involving locals in activities
D. depend on yourself to solve problems
2．According to the author，volunteering will ________.
A. reduce challenges in the world
B. determine the future of a volunteer
C. change a person's opinion of the world
D. benefit volunteers most in their learning
3．What is this passage mainly about?
A. What you prepare to become a volunteer.
B. Where volunteers are needed most in the world.
C. Why volunteering is popular with young people.
D. How volunteers develop a relationship with local people.
答案与解析
这是一篇说明文，主要介绍了要当一名国际志愿者应该具备的素质。
1．B 细节理解题。文章第二段说，在出发前的几个月联系好志愿服务机构，并了解志愿服务项目缺少的材料，你觉得很充足的东西比如钉子或锤子，在你要去的地方就可能会很稀缺，因此选B项，事先做好准备。
2．C 细节理解题。由文章最后一段中的“Volunteering is a special and lifechanging experience for everyone involved.”及“encourage you to view yourself, your neighbors and your world quite differently”可知应选C项，志愿活动改变一个人的世界观。
3．A 主旨大意题。全文围绕去当志愿者之前必须做的准备工作展开叙述，并阐述了志愿者工作的意义，因此本文的主题是A项，当一名志愿者需要做的准备工作。
Passage 4
(2017·河南新乡许昌平顶山第二次调研)
If you love the sea，Ocean Park is the place for you! Situated on the south side of Hong Kong Island，this 870,000squaremetre educational theme park provides many opportunities to learn about marine life.
To start with，the park boasts the Atoll Reef，one of the world's largest aquariums，with about 2,500 fishes from nearly 300 different species.What makes this aquarium special, however，is not just its size，but also its design.The Atoll Reef is built with an observation passageway that circles the aquarium on four different levels.This lets visitors view sea life from a variety of depths and angles.
Then there's the Shark Aquarium，a tank with more than 200 sharks from more than 30 species.Like the Atoll Reef, this unique aquarium is designed to make sure guests get the most out of their visit. Shaped like an underwater tunnel, guests can watch as sharks swim overhead and dive at them from every side.
There's also the Sea Jelly Spectacular，an aquarium that houses more than 1,000 jellyfish of all shapes，colours and sizes.And at the park's Dolphin University，visitors can go on educational tours and watch the training of dolphins up close.
The park's most popular attraction is the Ocean Theatre, a huge outdoor pool where dolphins and sea lions entertain the visitors.Sometimes a killer whale even takes part in the performance!
Although Ocean Park's focus is on the water，the theme park has plenty of other activities，too.For people seeking excitement，there are rides like the Abyss Turbo Drop，a roller coaster ride that takes passengers on a 20storey drop straight down.There are also exhibits like the Dinosaur Discovery Trail and Bird Paradise.Finally，no trip to Ocean Park would be complete without visiting the park's most popular animals—four giant pandas that were given as a gift from China's central government.
1．Why is Hong Kong Ocean Park called an educational theme park?
A．It is specially designed to attract the young who are interested in the sea.
B．It provides chances for people to broaden their knowledge of science.
C．It offers chances for visitors to enlarge their knowledge of marine life.
D．It has plenty of activities for people to have fun.
2．What makes the Atoll Reef so special?
A．It is one of the symbols of Hong Kong Ocean Park.
B．It has thousands of fish from various species.
C．It is the largest aquarium in the world.
D．It allows visitors to watch sea life from all angles.
3．Which of the following activities is NOT mentioned in the passage?
A．Interacting with sea life in the huge outdoor pool.
B．Visiting exhibitions about dinosaurs and birds.
C．Taking a roller coaster ride on a 20storey drop.
D．Enjoying the show of dolphins and sea lions.
答案与解析
这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了香港海洋公园里的各个不同的水族馆。参观者能在那里了解海洋生物，还能参加一些娱乐活动。
1．C 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Situated on the south side of Hong Kong Island, this 870,000squaremetre educational theme park provides many opportunities to learn about marine life.”可知，香港海洋公园给人们提供了很多了解海洋生物的机会。
2．D 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“This lets visitors view sea life from a variety of depths and angles.”可知，Atoll Reef的特别之处在于游客可以全方位地欣赏海洋生物。
3．A 细节理解题。B、C两项在最后一段中提到，D项在第五段中提到。A项文章中没有提到。故选A。
创新预测
Passage 1
In the Netherlands, cycling isn't seen as ecofriendly exercise; it's part of everyday life, as it is people's top choice to commute (通勤) to school and work.
“There are more bicycles than residents in the Netherlands. In cities like Amsterdam and The Hague, up to 70 percent of all journeys are made by bike，” said BBC.
So how did cycling become such a popular means of transportation in the European country?
In the 1970s, the Dutch government began to improve its cycling infrastructure (基础设施) due to both a domestic (国内的) social movement demanding safer cycling condition for children and the oilcrisis in the Middle East, when oilproducing countries stopped their exports to Western Europe.
To make cycling safer and more appealing, the Dutch have built the widest cycling network in the world. The country has over 40,000 kilometers of bicycle lanes and paths, which are clearly marked, have smooth surfaces and include separate signs and lights for those on two wheels. The lanes are wide enough to allow sidebyside cycling and passing.
In many cities the bike lanes are completely segregated (隔离的) from motorized traffic. And in many traffic situations cyclists are given priority (优先权) over drivers. Sometimes, where space is limited and both must share, you can see signs showing an image of a cyclist with a car behind accompanied by the words “Bike Street: Cars are guests”．
As young people aren't allowed to drive unsupervisedly (无人监管地) until they are 18, cycling offers Dutch teenagers an alternative form of freedom. The government also makes cycling proficiency (熟练) lessons a compulsory part of the Dutch school curriculum (课程)．
Bike parking facilities (设施) are ubiquitous in the country. Cyclists are accommodated in the way motorists are elsewhere. Take Groningen, a city in the northeastern part of the Netherlands, for example. The city's central train station has underground parking for 10,000 bikes.
For many Dutch people, bikes are trusty companies for life's adventures. In that kind of relationship it is longevity (长寿) that matters—that's why many Dutch people ride older bikes.
1．Which of the following about cycling in the Netherlands is TRUE?
A．Cycling is regarded as ecofriendly exercise.
B．Cycling is thought of as part of their everyday life.
C．Cycling is looked on as a way to lose weight.
D．Cycling is considered as a way to entertain.
2．What can we learn from the second paragraph?
A．Bikes are more than people in the Netherlands.
B．People are more than bikes in the Netherlands.
C．Most vehicles the Dutch use are buses.
D．Most vehicles the Dutch use are bikes.
3．Which of the following is NOT the reason cycling became a popular means of transportation in the Netherlands?
A．The Dutch government improved its cycling infrastructure.
B．Oilproducing countries stopped exporting oil to Western Europe.
C．In many traffic situations cyclists have priority over drivers.
D．Everyone in the Netherlands can ride a bike on the street.
4．What does the Dutch government do about teenagers cycling?
A．It makes cycling skilled lessons become what they must learn in all subjects.
B．It asks some teenagers to learn cycling skilled lessons.
C．It will watch over teenagers who ride bikes.
D．It will help teenagers to solve the problems about cycling.
答案与解析
1．B 细节理解题。抓住首句，根据第一段的cycling isn't seen as ecofriendly exercise 可知A项不正确；根据it's part of everyday life, as it is people's top choice to commute to school and work 可知B项是正确的。
2．D 推理判断题。从第二段的up to 70 percent of all journeys are made by bike 可推出荷兰人所使用的交通工具大部分是自行车。
3．D 细节理解题。排除冗余信息，从第四段可知A项和B项是自行车成为荷兰比较流行的交通工具的原因；从第六段的in many traffic situations cyclists are given priority over drivers 可知C项也是其中的原因之一；根据第七段的As young people aren't allowed to drive unsupervisedly until they are 18 可知D项不正确。
4．A 细节理解题。根据第七段的The government also makes cycling proficiency lessons a compulsory part of the Dutch school curriculum. 可知荷兰政府把骑自行车这门课程当作一门必修课。
Passage 2
German inventors Falk Wolsky and Daniel Kaesma have created a digital pen, which can check for spelling mistakes in handwriting.The idea came from Wolsky' s wife while she was helping her son with his homework.It will help children and adults develop their writing and spelling skills.
The Lernstift, which is German for learning pen, has a builtin sensor.It can recognize writing movements and track the shape of the letters to recognize words.It then vibrates (颤动) when a mistake is made.Lernstift also has WiFi builtin, and the pen can be connected to a smartphone or PC to upload written texts online, share them on social networks or take part in writing training.
Current digital pens use optical (光学的) sensors to pick up the writing movements and digitize (数字化) the words or sketches, so that they can be used on a computer.Some of these pens require additional devices, while others only work with special paper. Lernstift is different, because it has the technology and software builtin.
The computer inside Lernstift is an embedded Linux operating system.The board contains a nonoptical motion sensor, processor, memory, WiFi and vibration module.The motion sensor recognizes all writing movements, even if the pen is used to write in the air.This means Lernstift doesn't need any additional recognition devices or special paper to work on.
The pen has two functions：Orthography Mode is used to recognize misspellings and will vibrate when a word is spelt incorrectly；Calligraphy Mode is used to point out flaws in the form of handwriting,
to make
it neater.Future models will also be able to point out grammatical mistakes such as wrong word order.
Lernstift uses a builtin handwriting software to compare the written words with the correct spellings.The software has over 40 languages, and Lernstift will be launched in English and German before being rolled out to more language. This means it could be used to help people learn new languages.
1．Who came up with the idea of Lernstift pen?
A．Wolsky's wife.
B．Wolsky's son.
C．Kaesma's wife.
D．Kaesma's son.
2．What's special about the Lernstift pen?
A．It can make you write more quickly without making a mistake.
B．It can write words for a long time without stopping.
C．It can check for spelling errors and vibrate when you make a mistake.
D．It can remind you to have a rest when you make a spelling mistake.
3．It's believed that future models of Lernstift pen can ______.
A．recognize misspellings in words
B．point out flaws in the form of handwriting
C．correct spelling mistakes
D．check for grammatical mistakes
答案与解析
1．A 细节理解题。由文章第一段第二句The idea came from Wolsky's wife while she was helping her son with his homework.可知，正是Wolsky 的妻子在辅导儿子做作业时有了Lernstift pen 的灵感。
2．C 细节理解题。由文章第一段开头和第二段第二、三句It can recognize writing movements and track the shape of the letters to recognize words. It then vibrates when a mistake is made. 可知，新型钢笔Lernstift 可识别书写错误，并会以颤动的形式来提醒使用者。
3．D 细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段末Future models will also be able to point out grammatical mistakes such as wrong word order. 可知正确答案。
Passage 3
Flappy Bird is flapping(拍打)its wings no more. The popular game for mobile equipment was removed from online stores on Sunday by its Vietnamese creator, who said its fame “destroys my simple life”．
Dong Nguyen, who created the game in just two to three days, was making as much as $50,000 a day from the game's advertising income. In several Twitter posts, he said the game's removal was not due to legal issues(问题)and that he may make a followup.
Mr. Nguyen, who describes himself as an “enthusiastic independent game maker”， also said on the microblogging site that he would not sell Flappy Bird but he would still make games.
Flappy Bird has been downloaded more than 50 million times, making it this year's most popular mobile game so far. Coming out in May 2017, the game was free to download and required players to tap the screen to keep the bird in flight.
In spite of its simple graphs, Flappy Bird was an extremely difficult game since many users could only keep the bird in the air for a few seconds before it hits an obstacle(障碍物) and falls.
After Mr. Nguyen took the game down, many fans turned to social media to ask for its return. The game is no longer available through online stores, but it still works on phones that had previously downloaded it. However, some fans expressed their relief that the game was gone. One user described Flappy Bird as “an addictive game that everyone hates to love” while another said, “I think it's for the best, and for the best of all the brokendown phones out there.”
1．Dong Nguyen took Flappy Bird down because ________.
A．it was against the law
B．it was easily destroyed
C．it disturbed his normal life
D．it could break down phones
2．What can we learn about Dong Nguyen from the text?
A．He is addicted to playing games.
B．He likes to make games by himself.
C．He earned a lot by selling Flappy Bird.
D．He rose to fame after removing his game.
3．What were the users' reactions to Dong Nguyen's removing the game?
A．Some felt happy and relaxed.
B．Some got so angry that they accused him.
C．Some regretted they couldn't keep the bird in flight.
D．Some asked social media to help develop another game.
4．What would be the best title for this text?
A．Flappy Bird—A Mobile Game
B．Flappy Bird—A Computer Game
C．Dong Nguyen—A Game Creator
D．Dong Nguyen—A Talented Person
答案与解析
本文是一篇说明文。曾经风靡一时的“飞翔的小鸟”这款游戏被其发明者从应用商店下架了，这是为什么呢？游戏爱好者对此又是什么反应呢？让我们来看看本篇文章吧。
1．C 细节理解题。文章第一段说“飞翔的小鸟”这款游戏的发明者已将它从应用商店下架，因为这款游戏的名气毁掉了作者的简单生活。故选C项。
2．B 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Mr. Nguyen, who describes himself as an ‘enthusiastic independent game maker’”可知，选B项。注意：第二段说的是游戏的广告费使他收入丰厚。故C项错误。
3．A 推理判断题。根据第六段可知，他将游戏从应用商店下架之后，很多游戏迷到社交媒体呼吁这款游戏归来，而有些游戏迷则觉得如释重负，因为这款游戏容易让人上瘾，因此选A项。
4．A 标题归纳题。全文围绕“飞翔的小鸟”这款游戏被其发明者从应用商店下架这一话题，讲述了各方人士的不同反应，因此A项最适合作文章的标题。
Passage 4
On a recent field trip to the Kalahari Desert, a team of researchers learnt a lot more about honey badgers (獾). The team employed a local wildlife expert, Kitso Khama, to help them follow the badgers across the desert. Their main aim was to study the badgers' movements and behavior.
“The problem with honey badgers is that they are naturally curious animals, especially when they see something new，” Kitso says. “That, combined with their unpredictable nature, can be a dangerous mixture. If they sense you have food, for example, they won't be shy about coming right up to you for something to eat. They're actually quite sociable creatures around humans, but as soon as they feel they might be in danger, they can become extremely fierce. Fortunately this is rare, but it does happen.”
The research confirmed many things that were already known. As expected, honey badgers ate any creatures they could catch and kill. The researchers were surprised, however, by the animal's fondness for local melons, probably because of their high water content. The team also learn that, contrary to previous research findings, the badgers occasionally formed loose family groups, including the fact that female badgers never socialized with each other.
Following some of the male badgers was a challenge, since they can cover large distances in a short space of time. Some hunting territories (地盘) cover more than 500 square kilometers.
Although they seem happy to share these territories with other males, there are occasional fights over an important food source, and male badgers can be as aggressive towards each other as they are towards other species.
As the badgers became accustomed to the presence of people, it gave the team a chance to get close to them without being the subject of the animals' curiosity—or a sudden aggression. It also allowed the team to observe more closely some of the others that form working associations with the honey badger, as these seemed to badgers' relaxed attitude when near humans.
1．What would be the best title?
A．A Field Trip to the Kalahari Desert
B．On the Track of the Honey Badger
C．A Good Hunt for Honey Badgers
D．The Problem with Honey Badgers
2．What does Kitso Khama say about honey badgers?
A．They show interest in new things.
B．They are especially good eaters.
C．They do not enjoy human company.
D．They usually attack people.
3．Which of the following is a typical characteristic of male badgers?
A．They never socialized with each other.
B．They don't fight with each other for foods.
C．They hunt over a very large area.
D．They are more aggressive than females.
4．We can infer from the last paragraph that ________.
A．badgers become accustomed to the presence of people very quickly
B．badgers are no more aggressive when they get accustomed to people's presence
C．observers can touch badgers when they get accustomed to their presence
D．other animals like to work with honey badgers for food source
答案与解析
本文是一篇说明文，介绍了科学家观察到的獾的生活习性、饮食特点等，让人们对獾有了新的认识。
1．B 标题判断题。根据文章第一段中的“follow the badgers across the desert”以及下文在跟踪獾的过程中观察到的獾的生活习性、饮食特点等可知，B项最适合作文章的标题。
2．A 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The problem with honey badgers is that they are naturally curious animals, especially when they see something new”可知，獾是天生好奇的动物，尤其是当它们看到新的东西时。故选A项。
3．C 细节理解题。根据第四段的内容可知，它们猎捕食物的范围非常大。故选C项。
4．B 推理判断题。根据文章的最后一段可知，獾习惯了人们的出现，给了研究人员接近的机会，不再对他们感到好奇或突然攻击他们。因此选择B项，当习惯了人们的出现时，獾不再富于攻击性。
四、应用文
高考精萃
Passage 1
(2017·四川卷)
Do you want to get home from work knowing you have made a real difference in someone's life?
If yes, don't care about sex or age! Come and join us, then you'll_make_it!
Position：Volunteer Social Care Assistant
(No Pay with Free Meals)
Place：Manchester
Hours：Part Time
We are now looking for volunteers to support people with learning disabilities to live active lives! Only 4 days left. Don't miss the chance of lending your warm hands to help others!
Role：
You will provide people with learning disabilities with all aspects of their daily lives. You will help them to develop new skills. You will help them to protect their rights and their safety. But your primary concern is to let them know they are valued.
Skills and Experience Required：
You will have the right values and great listening skills. You will be honest and patient. You will have the ability to drive a car and to communicate in fluent written and spoken English since you'll have to help those people with different learning disabilities. Previous carerelated experience will be a great advantage for you.
1．The text is meant to ________.
A. leave a note
B. send an invitation
C. present a document
D. carry an advertisement
2．What does the underlined part mean?
A．You'll make others' lives more meaningful with this job.
B．You'll arrive home just in time from this job.
C．You'll earn a good salary from this job.
D．You'll succeed in getting this job.
3．The volunteers' primary responsibility is to help people with learning disabilities ________.
A. to get some financial support
B. to properly protect themselves
C. to learn some new living skills
D. to realize their own importance
4．Which of the following can first be chosen as a volunteer?
A. The one who can drive a car.
B. The one who has done similar work before.
C. The one who has patience to listen to others.
D. The one who can use English to communicate.
答案与解析
这是一则招聘广告。为了让身体有残疾的人们生活得更加自信、更加有意义，需要一些热心的志愿者们投身到公益事业中。
1．D 推理判断题。根据文章中出现的工作岗位、工作地点、工作时间及要求的技能及经验可判断，这是一则招聘广告。
2．A 句意理解题。根据第一段的内容可知，画线部分想要表达的是你可以通过这项工作让别人的生活更加有意义。
3．D 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段最后一句“But your primary concern is to let them know they are valued.”可知，志愿者们首要的职责是帮助残疾人意识到自身的重要性。
4．B 推理判断题。根据文章最后一句“Previous carerelated experience will be a great advantage for you.”可知，之前有过类似工作经历的人会被优先录用。
Passage 2
(2017·天津卷)
A Guide to the University
Food
The TWU Cafeteria is open 7 am to 8 pm. It serves snacks (小吃), drinks, ice cream bars and meals. You can pay with cash or your ID cards. You can add meal money to your ID cards at the Front Desk. Even if you do not buy your food in the cafeteria, you can use the tables to eat your lunch, to have meetings and to study.
If you are on campus in the evening or late at night, you can buy snacks, fast food, and drinks in the Lower Café located in the bottom level of the Douglas Centre. This area is often used for entertainment such as concerts, games or TV watching.
Relaxation
The Globe, located in the bottom level of McMillan Hall, is available for relaxing, studying, cooking, and eating. Monthly activities are held here for all international students. Hours are 10 am to 10 pm, closed on Sundays.
Health
Located on the top floor of Douglas Hall, the Wellness Centre is committed to physical, emotional and social health. A doctor and nurse is available if you have health questions or need immediate medical help or personal advice. The cost of this is included in your medical insurance. Hours are Monday to Friday, 9 am to noon and 1：00 to 4：30 pm.
Academic Support
All students have access to the Writing Centre on the upper floor of Douglas Hall. Here, qualified volunteers will work with you on written work, grammar, vocabulary, and other academic skills. You can sign up for an appointment on the signup sheet outside the door, two 30minute appointments per week maximum. This service is free.
Transportation
The TWU Express is a shuttle (班车) service. The shuttle transports students between campus and the shopping centre, leaving from the Mattson Centre. Operation hours are between 9 am and 3 pm. Saturdays only. Round trip fare is $1.
1．What can you do in the TWU Cafeteria?
A．Do homework and watch TV.
B．Buy drinks and enjoy concerts.
C．Have meals and meet with friends.
D．Add money to your ID and play chess.
2．Where and when can you cook your own food?
A．The Globe, Friday.
B．The Lower Café， Sunday.
C．The TWU Cafeteria, Friday.
D．The McMillan Hall, Sunday.
3．The Guide tells us that the Wellness Centre ________.
A．is open six days a week
B．offers services free of charge
C．trains students in medical care
D．gives advice on mental health
4．How can you seek help from the Writing Centre?
A．By applying online.
B．By calling the centre.
C．By filling in a signup form.
D．By going to the centre directly.
5．What is the function of TWU Express?
A．To carry students to the lecture halls.
B．To provide students with campus tours.
C．To take students to the Mattson Centre.
D．To transport students to and from the stores.
答案与解析
本文是针对入学新生而进行的大学生活指南介绍。
1．C 细节理解题。从第一段第二句“It serves snacks, drinks, ice cream bars and meals.”可知你可以在此吃饭，从第一段最后一句的“to have meetings and to study”可知你可以在这里会见朋友。meeting 在本句中表示“会面”而不是“会议”。A、B、D三项文中未提到，故选C项。
2．A 细节理解题。从第三段第一句“The Globe...is available for...cooking, and eating.”可知在Globe 你可以做饭。故选A项。
3．D 细节理解题。从第四段第一句的“the Wellness Centre is committed to physical, emotional and social health.”可知选D项。
4．C 细节理解题。从第五段倒数第二句“You can sign up for an appointment on the signup sheet outside the...”可知选C项。
5．D 细节理解题。从最后一段前两句可知TWU Express 是班车服务，在校园和购物中心之间往返接送学生，故选D项。
Passage 3
(2017·课标全国卷Ⅰ)
The Cambridge Science Festival Curiosity Challenge
Dare to Take the Curiosity Challenge!
The Cambridge Science Festival( CSF)is pleased to inform you of the sixth annual Curiosity Challenge.The challenge invites, even dares school students between the ages of 5 and 14 to create artwork or a piece of writing that shows their curiosity and how it inspires them to explore their world.
Students are being dared to draw a picture, write an article, take a photo or write a poem that shows what they are curious about.To enter the challenge, all artwork or pieces of writing should be sent to the Cambridge Science Festival, MIT Museum, 265 Mass Avenue, Cambridge 02139 by Friday, February 8th.
Students who enter the Curiosity Challenge and are selected as winners will be honored at a special ceremony during the CSF on Sunday，April 21st.Guest speakers will also present prizes to the students.Winning entries will be published in a book.Student entries will be exhibited and prizes will be given.Families of those who take part will be included in the celebration and brunch will be served.
Between March 10th and March 15th，each winner will be given the specifics of the closing ceremony and the Curiosity Challenge celebration.The program guidelines and other related information are available at：http ：//cambridge sciencefestival. org.
1．Who can take part in the Curiosity Challenge?
A. School students. B. Cambridge locals.
C. CSF winners.
D. MIT artists.
2．When will the prizegiving ceremony be held?
A. On February 8th.
B. On March 10th.
C. On March 15th.
D. On April 21st.
3．What type of writing is this text?
A．An exhibition guide.
B．An art show review.
C．An announcement.
D．An official report.
答案与解析
这是一篇通知。剑桥大学科技节将举办每年一度的第六届好奇心挑战大赛。这次挑战大赛主要邀请5—14岁的学生设计能展示他们的好奇心的作品或写作，并告知读者挑战大赛的要求和相关内容。
1．A 细节理解题。由第一段第二句“The challenge invites, even dares school students between the ages of 5 and 14 to...”可知，学生(school students)可以参加这次好奇心挑战大赛。
2．D 细节理解题。由第三段第一句“Students who enter the Curiosity Challenge and are selected as winners will be honored at a special ceremony during the CSF on Sunday, April 21st.”可知颁奖仪式将于4月21日举行。
3．C 推理判断题。由整篇文章的内容可知，这是the Cambridge Science Festival(CSF)所下发的一个通知。
Passage 4
(2017·课标全国卷Ⅱ)
Metro Pocket Guide
Metrorail(地铁)
Each passenger needs a farecard to enter and go out. Up to two children under age five may travel free with a paying customer.
Farecard machines are in every station. Bring small bills because there are no change machines in the stations and farecard machines only provide up to $5 in change.
Get one day of unlimited Metrorail rides with a One Day Pass. Buy it from a farecard machine in Metro stations. Use it after 9：30 a．m. until closing on weekdays, and all day on weekends and holidays.
Hours_of_Service
Open: 5 a．m. Mon.—Fri.7 a．m. Sat.—Sun.
Close: midnight Sun.—Thurs. 3 a．m. Fri.—Sat. nights
Last train times vary. To avoid missing the last train, please check the last train times posted in stations.
Metrobus
When paying with exact change, the fare is $1.35. When paying with a SmarTrip® card, the fare is $1.25.
Fares_for_Senior_/disabled_customers
Senior citizens 65 and older and disabled customers may ride for half the regular fare. On Metrorail and Metrobus, use a senior/disabled farecard or SmarTrip® card. For more information about buying senior/disabled farecards, SmarTrip® cards and passes, please visit MetroOpensDoors.com or call 2026377000 and 2026378000.
Senior citizens and disabled customers can get free guide on how to use proper Metrobus and Metrorail services by calling 2029621100.
Travel_tips(提示)
·Avoid riding during weekday rush periods—before 9：30 a．m. and between 4 and 6 p．m.
·If you lose something on a bus or train or in a station, please call Lost & Found at 2029621195.
1．What should you know about farecard machines?
A．They start selling tickets at 9：30 a．m.
B．They are connected to change machines.
C．They offer special service to the elderly.
D．They make change for no more than $5.
2．At what time does Metrorail stop service on Saturday?
A．At midnight
B．At 3 a．m.
C．At 5 a．m.
D．At 7 p．m.
3．What is good about a SmarTrip® card?
A．It is convenient for old people.
B．It saves money for its users.
C．It can be bought at any time.
D．It is sold on the Internet.
4．Which number should you call if you lose something on the Metro?
A．2029621195
B．2029621100
C．2026377000
D．2026378000
答案与解析
这是一篇地铁袖珍指南，主要介绍地铁对乘客乘坐地铁的要求、开放的时间、对老年人和残疾人的收费办法以及出行提示。
1．D 细节理解题。由第二段最后一句中的“...farecard machines only provide up to $5 in change.”可知答案为D项。
2．B 细节理解题。由第二个小标题Hours of service 中的“Close: midnight Sun.Thurs. 3 a．m. Fri.Sat. nights”可推知答案为B项。
3．B 推理判断题。由第四个小标题Fares for Senior/disabled customers 中的第一、二句可知，SmarTrip®卡的用户可以付半价，故选B项。
4．A 细节理解题。由最后一个小标题Travel tips 中的第二条提示“If you lose something on a bus or train or in a station, please call Lost & Found at 2029621195.”可知答案为A项。
Passage 5
(2017·安徽卷)
Personal Robot
Make your parents and teachers happy!
Are you having problems finishing your homework on time? Do you avoid tidying your room until your mom shouts at you? You don't need to worry if you buy a Mr. Helping Hand personal robot. Mr. H can be programmed to organize your homework. Your own personal robot will follow you around, putting away books and objects that you have left on the floor or bed.
Mr. H also has these features (特点)：
•weighs only 500 grams
•includes longlasting batteries
•comes with a 5year guarantee
•remembers simple instructions
Originally(最初) sold for$499
NOW ONLY$299
WATCH CONTROL
This is a watch that James Bond would be proud to wear!
This is NOT a watch for ordinary people!
Your electronic PENGO WATCH CONTROL
•acts as a remote control for TVs and videos.
•gives you a daily weather forecast.
•reminds you when to hand in your homework.
•sets off a silent warning alarm when parents or teachers are near.
Besides, your PENGO WATCH CONTROL
will always tell you the time accurately!
Originally sold for$199
NOW ONLY$99
For further information, click here.
1．With help from a Mr.H, you can________.
A．stop using batteries
B．finish your homework on time
C．remember your teachers' instructions
D．get your room tidied on your way home
2．A PENGO WATCH CONTROL can help you to________.
A．repair your TV
B．organize your homework
C．be a James Bond
D．know what the weather is like
3．You can get your Mr.H for________.
A．$499
B．$299
C．$199
D．$99
4．Where would you be most likely to find the two texts?
A．On a notice board.
B．In a company brochure.
C．On a teenage website.
D．In a college newspaper.
答案与解析
本文是向广大青少年推荐商品的两则网络广告。
1．B 细节理解题。根据Personal Robot 栏中的第一句可知，B项正确。根据“includes longlasting batteries”可知，A项错误。文中没提及teachers' instructions，故C项错误；D项中“...on your way home”不正确。故选B项。
2．D 细节理解题。根据WATCH CONTROL 栏中的“gives you a daily weather forecast”可知D项正确。A项没提到；B项与“reminds you when to hand in your homework”不符；C项是对WATCH CONTROL栏中第一句“This is a watch that James Bond would be proud to wear！”的曲解。故选D项。
3．B 细节理解题。由Personal Robot 栏中最后的“NOW ONLY $299”可知B项正确。
4．C 推理判断题。由WATCH CONTROL栏中的“for further information, click here”可知，这是发布在青少年网站上的信息。故选C项。
Passage 6
(2017·北京卷)
Sea Life Melbourne Aquarium(水族馆)
The allnew Sea Life Melbourne Aquarium, situated in the heart of Melbourne's CBD, is one of Victoria's leading visitor attractions and an unforgettable outing for the whole family. Having 12 amazing zones of discovery, Sea Life Melbourne Aquarium is the very place that you cannot miss when you visit the city.
◆Opening Times
Sea Life Melbourne Aquarium is open from 9：30 am until 6：00 pm every day of the year, including public holidays. Last admission is at 5：00 pm, one hour before closing.
◆Location(位置)
Sea Life Melbourne Aquarium is located on the corner of Flinders Street and King Street, Melbourne. It is situated on the Yarra River, opposite Crown Entertainment Complex.
◆Getting to Sea Life Melbourne Aquarium
Train
Sea Life Melbourne Aquarium is a short walk from either Flinders or Southern Cross train stations.
Tram (有轨电车)
The Sea Life Melbourne Aquarium tram stop is located on the free City Circle Tram route (公交线路) and also routes 70 and 75. City Circle trams run every 10 minutes in both directions.
Shuttle Bus
The Melbourne City Tourist Shuttle is a free bus service, stopping at key tourist attractions in and around the City. Running daily, every 15 minutes from 10：00 am to 4：00 pm.
◆Car Parking
While there is no public car parking at Sea Life Melbourne Aquarium, there are several public car parking lots available only a short walk away.
◆Wheelchair Access
Sea Life Melbourne Aquarium provides people in wheelchairs with full access to all 12 zones. Each floor also has wheelchair accessible toilets.
◆Terms
Tickets will be emailed to you immediately after purchase or you can download and print your ticket once payment has been accepted. Please print out all tickets purchased and present at the front entrance of Sea Life Melbourne Aquarium. No ticket, no entry!
1．Sea Life Melbourne Aquarium ________.
A．is located at the center of the CBD in the city
B．has 12 most attractive places in Melbourne
C．admits visitors from 9：30 am until 6：00 pm
D．is beside Crown Entertainment Complex
2．Getting to Sea Life Melbourne Aquarium, visitors can take ________.
A．trains from Southern Cross train station
B．shuttle buses around the train station
C．boats across the Yarra River
D．either tram route 70 or 75
3．Sea Life Melbourne Aquarium offers visitors ________.
A．free car parking
B．wheelchair access
C．Internet connection
D．transportation service
4．Tickets to Sea Life Melbourne Aquarium ________.
A．are free to all visitors
B．can be purchased by email
C．are checked at the entrance
D．can be printed at the ticket office
答案与解析
本文为应用文，主要介绍了墨尔本海洋生物馆的相关事宜。
1．A 细节理解题。根据文章第一句中的“...situated in the heart of Melbourne's CBD”可以得知海洋生物馆位于墨尔本中央商务区。故A项正确。
2．D 细节理解题。根据第五段中的“on the free City Cirecle Tram route and also routes 70 and 75”可知游客可以乘坐70路或75路有轨电车。
3．B 细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段的“provides people in wheelchairs with full access to all 12 zones. Each floor also has wheelchair accessible toilets.”可知海洋生物馆为游客提供通往12个展区的轮椅通道。故B项正确。
4．C 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段可知当你购买门票之后门票可以通过电子邮件立刻传给你，或者付款之后你可以下载打印门票。所购门票都要打印出来并在入口处出示检查。没有门票，谢绝入内。因此C项正确。
Passage 7
(2017·福建卷)
BLOOD DRIVE & MARROW(骨髓)REGISTRATION
“These patients deserve a chance at a normal, happy future and they rely on the kindness of strangers to make that happen.”
—Daisy, Isabelle's Mother
Isabelle is the daughter of Daisy and Sman Mirzaei. In January 2008 Isabelle was diagnosed(诊断) with a genetic blood disorder, beta thalassemia. Isabelle's body is unable to produce healthy red blood cells. As a result, Isabelle has been receiving blood transfusions(输血) every 46 weeks since she was 11 months old. A lifetime of regular transfusions can lead to serious medical problems. Her only chance at a normal, healthy life is to have a marrow transplant. Isabelle is an only child, so doctors have started a search for an unrelated marrow donor through the Be The Match Registry. The Mirzaei family asks that you consider helping patients like Isabelle by registering to be a marrow donor and give the gift of life, the gift of blood.
Held at Wiley Hall
Wednesday,_March_26,_2017
Behind Heathman Dormitory/Butterfield Rd.
12：00_PM－6：00_PM
Don't forget to bring your driver's license or another
form of identification when you donate.
Visit www.ribc.org to make an appointment, Sponsor Code 3390.
FREE Kingston Pizza！！！
Marrow Donors：BETHE MATCH
●be 18 to 44 years oldbethematch.org
●in good health
●give a swab(化验标本)of your cheek cells for marrow typing
●FREE—sponsored(赞助)by Michael's Fund
www.ribc.org 8002838385
The Rhode Island Blood Center distributes blood products to hospitals in Phode Island and Southern New England.
1．We can learn from the passage that ________.
A．the blood drive is organized by Isabelle's mother
B．Isabelle receives blood transfusions regularly
C．Isabelle has been ill for 11 months
D．doctors will sponsor Isabelle's family
2．To be a marrow donor, you must ________.
A．be a relative of the patient
B．carry a driver's license
C．be at least 18 years old
D．apply to Michael's Fund
3．Those who want to help patients like Isabelle can ________.
A．come to Wiley Hall every Wednesday
B．visit www.ribc. org for an appointment
C．contact their parents at 8002838385
D．call at hospitals in Rhode Island
答案与解析
本文主要是对Isabelle 需要人们捐献血液和骨髓来治病而发出的倡议。
1．B 推理判断题。从“Isabelle has been receiving blood transfusions(输血) every 46 weeks since she was 11 months old”可知她需要定期输血，故选B项。从“doctors have started a search for an unrelated marrow donor through the Be The Match Registry”可知A项错误；从“In January 2008 Isabelle was diagnosed(诊断)with a genetic blood discorder”及“Held at Wiley Hall Wednesday, March 26, 2017”可知C项错误；D项未提及。
2．C 细节理解题。从“be 18 to 44 years old”可知选C项。从“doctors have started a search for an unrelated marrow donor”可知A项错误；从“Don't forget to bring your driver's license or another form of identification when you donate.”可知B项错误；D项未提及。
3．B 根据“Visit www.ribc.org to make an appointment”可知B项正确。
Passage 8
(2017·课标全国卷Ⅰ)
The National Gallery
Description：
The National Gallery is the British national art museum built on the north side of Trafalgar Square in London. It houses a diverse collection of more than 2,300 examples of European art ranging from 13thcentury religious paintings to more modern ones by Renoir and Van Gogh. The older collections of the gallery are reached through the main entrance while the more modern works in the East Wing are most easily reached from Trafalgar Square by a ground floor entrance.
Layout：
The modern Sainsbury Wing on the western side of the building houses 13thto 15thcentury paintings, and artists include Duccio, Uccello, Van Eyck, Lippi, Mantegna，Botticelli and Memling.
The main West Wing houses 16thcentury paintings, and artists include Leonardo da Vinci, Cranach, Michelangelo，Raphael, Bruegel, Bronzino, Titian and Veronese.
The North Wing houses 17thcentury paintings, and artists include Caravaggio, Rubens, Poussin, Van Dyck, Velazquez，Claude and Vermeer.
The East Wing houses 18th to early 20thcentury paintings, and artists include Canaletto, Goya, Turner, Constable, Renoir and Van Gogh.
Opening Hours：
The Gallery is open every day from 10am to 6pm (Fridays 10am to 9pm) and is free, but charges apply to some special exhibitions.
Getting There：
Nearest underground stations : Charing Cross (2minute walk), Leicester Square (3minute walk), Embankment (7minute walk), and Piccadilly Circus ( 8minute walk)．
1．In which century's collection can you see religious paintings?
A. The 13th.
B. The 17th.
C. The 18th.
D. The 20th.
2．Where are Leonardo da Vinci's works shown?
A. In the East Wing.
B. In the main West Wing.
C. In the Sainsbury Wing.
D. In the North Wing.
3．Which underground station is closest to the National Gallery?
A. Embankment.
B. Leicester Square.
C. Piccadilly Circus.
D. Charing Cross.
答案与解析
本文主要介绍了英国国家美术馆的有关情况。
1．A 细节理解题。根据Description 部分“...ranging from 13thcentury religious paintings...”可知在13世纪的藏品中含有宗教绘画作品。故选A项。
2．B 细节理解题。根据Layout 部分“The main West Wing houses 16thcentury paintings, and artists include Leonardo da Vinci...”可知选B项。
3．D 细节理解题。根据Getting There 部分“...Charing Corss(2minute walk), Leicester Square(3minute walk), Embankment(7minute walk), and Piccadilly Circus(8minute walk)．”可知Charing Cross 是离国家美术馆最近的地铁站。
模拟精选
Passage 1
(2017·河南洛阳统考)
Favorite films this week
A Tale of Two Cities is set in London and Paris in the 1780s. It is a dangerous time in France. A Frenchman returns to Paris from London to try to save his friend, and an Englishman gives his life to save them both. It's an exciting and very sad film.
134 minutes, 9：00 p．m.. Every day except Friday.
The Village is set in a small 19th century community near old woods full of spirits. The spirits are friendly until a young man called Phoenix goes too close to them. Then they get angry. It's a film which makes it hard for you to sleep at night!
107 minutes, 5：30 p．m. and 7：30 p．m., Fridays only.
London Love Story. In a quiet street in London, a lonely boy meets a lonely girl who changes his life. But they both have a sad secret. This is about two young people who learn to love life.
92 minutes, 4：00 p．m. and 8：15 p．m.. Every day.
The Men Who Came from Mars. Set in the 22nd century, somewhere in the USA, men called Martians, from the planet Mars, have taken over the earth because humans have let it become too polluted. Now humans have to do what the Martians say. This is a good film which makes you think about the future of our world.
100 minutes, 7：45 p．m.. Mondays only.
1．Which film will tell you about French history?
A．A Tale of Two Cities.
B．The Village.
C．London Love Story.
D．The Man Who Came from Mars.
2．Which type of film is the film London Love Story?
A．Historical adventure.
B．Science fiction.
C．Romantic story.
D．Thriller.
3．Tom is a student major in astronomy. He may most probably want to see ________.
A．A Tale of Two Cities
B．The Village
C．London Love Story
D．The Men Who Came from Mars
答案与解析
这是一则广告，介绍了本周4部影片的相关信息。
1．A 推理判断题。这4部电影中只有第一部《双城记》与法国有关，因此选A项。
2．C 推理判断题。从对第三部电影的介绍看，这是一个浪漫的爱情故事，因此选C项。
3．D 推理判断题。Tom 是天文专业的学生，因此他最有可能看《来自火星的人》这部影片，选D项。
Passage 2
(2017·贵州遵义省级示范高中第二次联考)
Best Ways to Save Money on Holiday Shopping
Black Friday and Cyber Monday—that's amateur hour.These holiday shopping tips will help you save big bucks on your own.
Track prices online
Websites like Amazon and Bestbuy.com are constantly adjusting the prices of items，meaning knowledgeable shoppers can keep their eye out for savings if they check back frequently.But who has the time to refresh every few hours？Try camelcamelcamel.com.Search for any item (say，a Furby for the kids) and track its price history—it'll show you a graph and the highest and lowest price positionsit's had over the past several days. Close to the lowest point？Snatch it up now.
Believe in the Invisible Hand
If you're big on online shopping，visit getinvisiblehand.com to install (set up for use) the Invisible Hand extension on your computer or download the official iPhone app.Whenever you're browsing for items online from retailers(零售商) like Lowe's or Sears，it'll automatically search alternatives and notify you if there's a better deal elsewhere.
Try shopping on a Tuesday
According to a recent New York Times report，online retailers tend to offer the best deals on Tuesdays.Better yet，try Tuesday morning.That same report suggests sales tend to go live early.You can also try shopping late.
It's true that sales start in the early morning hours.But Business Insider(内行) notes that if you shop after 6：00 p．m.，some retailers will already have sales for the next day activated，allowing you to get great deals without setting your alarm.
1．If you want to get the latest information on updated shopping lists，you may________.
A．come to getinvisiblehand.com
B．read the holiday shopping tips
C．visit camelcamelcamel.com
D．download it from the official site
2．The best deals online that retailers offer can take place________.
A．on Friday
B．on weekend
C．on Monday
D．on Tuesday
3．The passage is intended for those who want to know______.
A．how to save money on holiday shopping
B．how to download software for goods
C．when to buy the items
D．which website is the best one for shopping
答案与解析
这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了如何在节假日购物时少花钱。
1．C 细节理解题。根据文章中Track prices online 中的“But who...Try camelcamelcamel.com.”可知，在这个网站你可以找到最新的信息。故答案为C项。
2．D 细节理解题。根据文章中Try shopping on a Tuesday 中的“online retailers tend to offer the best deals on Tuesdays”可以判断出，周二是最好的网上交易时间。故答案为D项。
3．A 写作目的题。本文主要介绍了如何在节假日购物时少花钱。故答案为A项。
Passage 3
(2017·昆明第一次调研)
Seek books that interest you. Reasonable prices. Bestsellers for this season.
Dadcando
By Chris Barnardo
RRP：￡14.99
ISBN：9780852652017
Intended for fathers who want to spend quality time with their children, this book consists of creative ideas to try at home, ranging from building a spaceship to performing science experiments in the kitchen. It also includes advice and support to Dads who are single parents.
Red or Dead
By David Peace
RRP：￡20.00
ISBN：9780571280650
In 1959, Liverpool Football Club was in the Second Division. The club had never won the FA Cup. Fifteen seasons later, Liverpool Football Club had won three League titles，two FA Cups and the UEFA Cup. This book tells the story of Bill Shankly and the rise of Liverpool Football Club.
Silent Spring
By Rachel Carson
RRP：￡14.99
ISBN：9780141391526
The author of this book exposes the damage to wildlife through the wide and casual use of insect killers.She describes nests full of eggs that never hatch, rivers filled with poisoned fish and even children killed by the very chemicals.
Family Britain
By David Kynaston
RRP：￡10.99
ISBN：9781408800836
Family Britain continues David Kynaston's new series Tales of a New Jerusalem，telling as never before the story of Britain from VE Day in 1945 to the election of Margaret Thatcher in 1979.
1.Which author tells you the way to do things with children?
A．Chris Barnardo.B．David Peace.
C．Rachel Carson.
D．David Kynaston.
2．Which book would an environmentalist probably be more concerned about?
A．Red or Dead.
B．Dadcando.
C．Silent Spring.
D．Family Britain.
3．What is the purpose of the writer?
A．To share newlypublished books.
B．To summarize books for this season.
C．To find some interesting books.
D．To advertise popular books on sale.
答案与解析
本文是一则广告，介绍了四本畅销书。
1．A 细节理解题。根据第一则广告Dad Can Do 中的“Intended for fathers who want to spend quality time with their children, this book consists of...”可知，A项正确。
2．C 细节理解题。根据第三则广告Silent Spring中的“The author of this book exposes the damage to wildlife through the wide and casual use of insect killers.”可知，这本书的作者揭露了滥用杀虫剂对野生动植物的破坏，故C项正确。
3．D 作者意图题。根据第一段“Seek books that interest you. Reasonable prices. Bestsellers for this season.”可知，文章主要是在为四本价格合理的畅销书做广告，故D项正确。
Passage 4
(2017·太原五中第一学期测试)
One of the most difficulties in learning a language is learning the idiomatic phrases, slang and common usage of native speakers. These four books focus on giving students a hand when learning North American idiomatic language.
Ya Gotta Know It by Hania Hassan
It provides an excellent mixture of materials for classroom lessons and American slang reference. Its unique feature is that students are provided with ongoing context reminding learners of idioms learned while improving their understanding by using the same characters and a developing story line.Exercises provide a chance for students to practice in proper situations.
Price：$11.66
ISBN：9780074560167
Common American Phrases by Richard A. Spears
It has a wide variety of resources on American English. It contains more than 2,000 phrases and idioms. It is excellent for classroom use as this reference guide focuses on standard phrases that can be found in everyday standard usage.
Price：$7.06
ISBN：978007405607
American Idioms and Some Phrases Just for Fun by Edward Swick
The book's strength is its translation of more formal English of a number of idioms. These phrases are then repeated in a number of different contexts giving students a good idea of common usage. There are also a number of exercises designed to help students put their newfound idiomatic understanding into use.
Price：$5.49
ISBN：9780764108075
American Slang by Robert L．Chapman
It provides a guide for advanced level English students.This reference guide to slang is best used by those interested in the very latest and uptodate slang and slang you might hear in the latest films from Hollywood.
Price：$1.99
ISBN：9780062731722
1．The purpose of writing the passage is to______.
A．teach students how to learn idioms
B．introduce books to readers
C．increase students' knowledge about idioms
D．offer learning materials to readers for free
2．In what way is Ya Gotta Know It different from other books?
A．It contains a lot of exercises.
B．It has the largest number of idioms.
C．It is mainly about American slang.
D．It offers readers ongoing context.
3．If you want to learn the slang from the latest Hollywood films, you can choose________.
A．American Slang
B．Ya Gotta Know It
C．American Idioms and Some Phrase Just for Fun
D．Common American Phrases
答案与解析
本文主要给读者介绍了四本工具书。
1．B 写作目的题。根据第一段中的“These four books focus on giving students a hand when learning North American idiomatic language.”可知，本文主要是给读者介绍四本书。故选B项。
2．D 细节理解题。对比四本书及对 Ya Gotta Know It by Hania Hassan 介绍中的“Its unique feature is that students are provided with ongoing context”可知，答案为D项。
3．A 细节理解题。根据对 American Slang by Robert L. Chapman 介绍中的“slang you might hear in the latest films from Hollywood”可知，如果想了解最新好莱坞电影中的俚语，你可以选择 American Slang 这本书。
创新预测
Passage 1
The Solution(解决办法)for Your Vacation in Costa Rica
This beautiful beach house was built in a natural environment inside a private gated community(住宅小区) named Laguna Vista. It is overlooking the shining waters of the Pacific Ocean. Here, Costa Rica's rich natural beauty is always on your doorstep. Only 25 minutes' drive from the airport. It offers 3 different levels which can be rented separately or in its totality. Each level is designed to offer you comfort, privacy and security.
•Pool
•Air conditioning
•Hot water
•Private balconies
•All furnished
Please visit our website and feel free to contact us for more information.
Welcome to Our Small Cottage Studio Complex
We are a small cottage studio(单间公寓)complex, which is very popular due to our location—four blocks to the beach, three blocks to State Street and two blocks to the farmer's market. And it is furnished with the basics and is equipped with a full kitchen. Many_of_the_studios_get_wireless_Internet_as_a_reward. In the summer, you can visit our cottage studios as an affordable alternative to a hotel. If you are interested, call us at 547－193－1533.
Feel Comfortable in Our Apartment Homes
Moon Island is a brand new furnished apartment building, close to the Sue River and Pear Park. 2 minutes' walk to the city centre. Houses for rent here provide perfect facilities(设施) like outdoor swimming pool, gymnasium, children playground, etc. Each house has a 42 flat LCD TV, an airconditioner, a refrigerator, kitchen fittings, 24hour hot water supply, 24hour security guard, etc. The transportation is very convenient.
2br：6,500 RMB
3br：7,800 RMB
1．According to the text, what is common to the three places is that ________.
A．the city center is within walking distance
B．the price is both reasonable and affordable
C．the gymnasium is available for all the guests
D．the basic facilities in them are well provided
2．What does the underlined sentence probably mean?
A．You shall get money if you surf the Internet.
B．You have to go on the Internet in the workshops.
C．You can use the Internet free in many of the rooms.
D．You have to pay some money to go to the Internet.
3．According to the text, if you're tired of hotels in the summer, you can ________.
A．choose a cottage room for a change
B．build an apartment in Moon Island
C．buy a furnished house in Costa Rica
D．share a studio chosen to the city center
答案与解析
本文是一篇应用文，给我们介绍了三种海边的住宿。
1．D 细节理解题。第一则说“All furnished”，第二则说“furnished with the basics and is equipped with a full kitchen”，第三则说“brand new furished”，因此选择D项。只有第三则广告提到离市中心很近(A错)以及有健身房(C错)，第一则广告没有提到价格(B错)。
2．C 句意理解题。第二则广告中画线句子表示单间公寓有无线网作为报酬，这里表示的是租了这个单间公寓能给你带来的报酬，因此选C项。
3．A 推理判断题。题干中提到在夏季厌倦了旅馆，只有第二则广告提到这些信息，根据第二则广告中的“In the summer, you can visit our cottage studios as an affordable alternative to a hotel”可知选A项。
Passage 2
Promoted by World magazine, travel. sohu.com and other media, “Most Beautiful Tourism Destinations of China” has attracted over 1 million netizens. Here, we'll introduce some beautiful geological(地质学的) parks in China. They are famous for their excellent scenery as well as their unique geologic formations.
Wudalianchi Geological Park
Located in Heilongjiang Province, Wudalianchi Geological Park covers an area of 1,060 square kilometers and features extensive volcanic landforms. The Wudalianshan National Forest Park boasts the world's most wellpreserved,
concentrated and complete volcanic landforms. With its common and typical volcanic landforms, Wudalianshan holds the reputation of being a “National Volcanic Museum” and an “Open Textbook on Volcanoes”．
Yandang Mountain World Geopark
Located in Yueqing City, Zhejiang Province, Yandang Mountain is 300 km away from Hangzhou, 70 km away from Wenzhou and covers roughly 295 square kilometers. Yandang Mountain is famous for its screenlike peaks, caves and waterfalls. It's a mountainous natural resort(度假胜地) on the seaside and known as “emperor of mountains” and a “marvelous beauty of the world”
Mount Danxia Geological Park
Mount Danxia is a famous scenic area in the northeastern suburbs(郊区) of Shaoguan City, Guangdong Province, covering a total area of 319 square kilometers. This geopark consists of several Scenic Spot Areas. Aizhai and Jinjiang Long Corridor Scenic Spot Areas show the natural beauty of mountain and water scenery specifically for sightseers. Additionally, these areas provide good apportunities of scientific surveying, rock climbing and exploration for tourists.
Xingwen Stone Forest Geological Park
Xingwen Karst Geopark is located in Xingwen County, Sichuan Province. Home to specific karst formations, Xingwen's unique characteristics make it worldfamous. Covering roughly 156 square kilometers, this geopark is a natural museum for studying karst formations, including the development and evolution of karst landforms.
1．Where will a tourist probably go if he's interested in volcanoes?
A．Wudalianchi Geological Park.
B．Yandang Mountain World Geopark.
C．Mount Danxia Geological Park.
D．Xingwen Stone Forest Geological Park.
2．What is special about Xingwen Stone Forest Geological Park?
A．It's famous for caves and waterfalls.
B．It's a coastal scenic spot.
C．It's a good place for rock climbing.
D．It has unique karst landforms.
3．Where is the largest geopark mentioned in the text located?
A．In Heilongjiang.
B．In Zhejiang.
C．In Guangdong.
D．In Sichuan.
答案与解析
本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍了中国的四大地质公园的相关情况。
1．A 细节理解题。从几个地质公园的介绍看，只有Wudailanchi Geological Park 中有volcanic landforms，故选A项。
2．D 细节理解题。根据Xingwen Stone Forest Geological Park 中的第二句可知，选D项。
3．A 细节理解题。比较四个地质公园的面积可知，Wudalianchi Geological Park 是1,060平方公里，比其他几个公园的面积都大，位于黑龙江省，故选A项。
Passage 3
News that Microsoft made a $44.6 billion bid to buy Yahoo resulted in heated discussions made by many Internet users. Here are some responses：
Diane Burke of Weeksbury, Kentucky
I think it would definitely he an interesting combination. Everyone recognizes the names Yahoo and Microsoft,
but everyone also says, “Did you Google it？” Such a eatchphrase (流行语) is going to be hard to beat.
Shaun Carney of Laurelvine, Ohio
I think the merger(合并) will provide more competitions for Google.
I don't think the merger will allow Microsoft to develop faster than Google, though. I believe the increasing competition this merger brings will force Google to stay on top of its game by offering more fresh and original Internet tools and expanding on the tools it already offers.
Toni Suarez of Hacienda Heights, California
I view the merger as a necessary element in preventing a monopolization(垄断).
Perhaps it would bring better high technology innovations to email and help in researching and developing a better Internet!
Rick R. of Edgewater, Florida
It sounds like a disaster to me. If this were to happen, I would stop using my Yahoo email account because I don't like the feeling of Microsoft spying upon my business. I will sign up for Google.
Antonio Glosser of Kansas City, Missouri
Right now, Yahoo offers a lot of features and tools at no cost for all different levels of Internet users.
Microsoft seeks nothing but profit. Undoubtedly, they'll do nothing other than find ways to start removing Yahoo's formerly nonpriced features. Microsoft's greed will ruin the great thing that Yahoo currently is.
1．How many companies are mentioned in the passage?
A. One.
B. Two.
C. Three.
D. Four.
2．Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?
A．Shaun's attitude towards Google is passive.
B．Toni believes the Internet will have a promising future.
C．Antonio is afraid that the merger will cost Yahoo's free features.
D．Rick will support Google after the merger.
3．The passage is mainly about ________.
A．opinions on the merger of Yahoo and Microsoft
B．the strengths of Yahoo and Microsoft
C．the strengths and weaknesses of large companies
D．the future of Yahoo and Microsoft
答案与解析
这是一篇应用文，文章主要讲述了微软打算以446亿美元收购雅虎的消息引发了诸多互联网用户的讨论。
1．C 细节理解题。文中提到了Yahoo, Microsoft 和 Google, 因此选项C正确。
2．A 正误判断题。根据文章第三段中的“I believe the increasing competitoin this merger brings will force Google to stay on top of its game”可知，Shaun 对谷歌很有信心。故A项说法不正确。
3．A 主旨大意题。由第一段中的“heated discussions made by many Internet users”和文中5个人的观点可知，本文主要讲述的是不同的人对这次收购的观点和看法。故选A项。
Passage 4
Interested in sharing your views in the CampusLink? We are calling for contributions to the following sections：
Lifestyle：
Do you travel widely, keep a journal of your adventures and have nice photographs that you might want to share? Or have you simply been somewhere that caught your imagination? Tell us all about your travels!
Are you an eager moviegoer? Be Leonard Maltin for the day and share your views of the latest blockbuster(轰动一时的电影)with our readers!
If food is your preferred choice of relaxation, try your hand at being a food critic and send us your views on food/restaurants worth trying.
Class Notes：
Whether it's about your achievements, memories of campus days, your recent career or a new addition to your family, we welcome you to share your news, views and photos with friends and classmates through Class Notes. Read about your classmates in this issue of CampusLink.
Research：
If this noble line of work is your bread and butter or passion, we want to hear from you! Share with CampusLink your research developments and breakthroughts. If you know of someone(your schoolmate or teacher) whose research work is a source of inspiration for our community, do not hesitate to send in your suggestions!
Humor Times
Humor Times is for those who love to laugh! It is full of humor columns. If you are good at making humors, please let's have your share!
If you are interested in sharing any of the above, or if you know of someone worthy of feature, please get in touch with the editorinchief, at karinyeo@campuslink.sg and we're waiting for you here!
1．CampusLink is probably a ________.
A．communication websiteB．public association
C．school club
D．fashion magazine
2．In the Lifestyle section, you cannot read about ________.
A．travel journals
B．views of the latest blockbuster
C．stories of Leonard Maltin
D．coments on food/restaurants
3．If you're interested in sharing your pleasure from your new job, you can refer to the issue of ________.
A．Lifestyle
B．Humor Times
C．Research
D．Class Notes
4．What is typical of Research section?
A．It offers readers bread and butter.
B．It offers a platform for research work lovers.
C．It is a source of inspiration for communication.
D．All the contributors' suggestions are welcome here.
答案与解析
本文是一篇应用文，介绍了交流网站CampusLink 的四个栏目的相关内容。
1．A 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中的主编和网址可知，CampusLink 是个交流网站，故选A项。
2．C 细节理解题。根据Lifestyle下的介绍可知，此栏目包括旅游日志、最新电影和食物或饭馆，不包括名人故事，故选C项。
3．D 推理判断题。根据文章Class Notes下的内容介绍可知，这里面包括你的成就、校园时光的回忆、最近的工作、家庭新成员等，因此选D项。
4．B 细节理解题。根据文章Research下的“Share with CampusLink your research developments and breakthroughs”可知，此栏目为爱好研究的人提供了平台。故选B项。
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