课后达标检测15 Unit 3 Science and nature
(建议用时：70分钟)
Ⅰ.单项填空
1．(2017·韶关高三调研)—It’s said that scientists have made ________ big breakthrough in the cancer treatment.
—If so，many people can have been brought back to ________ life!
A．a；/B．/；a
C．the；the
D．a；the
2．(2017·湘中名校高三联考)I would appreciate it if you could________ my mistakes in the composition.
A．point out
B．point to
C．point at
D．point up
3．We wanted to get there before dark，but it didn’t quite________ as planned.
A．make out
B．turn out
C．go on
D．come up
4．Sorry，I didn’t do it________，I only ________to help you.
A．intention；had intended
B．by intention；had intended
C．with intention；intended
D．with intentions；intend
5．To learn English well，we should find opportunities to hear English________ as much as we can.
A．speak
B．speaking
C．spoken
D．to speak
6. But others oppose the idea ________ the belief that the construction work may cause air pollution.
A．base on
B．basing on
C．based on
D．bases on
7．It’s unwise of you not to________his suggestions，for he is an authority in this field.
A．adapt
B．adore
C．adopt
D．advance
8．________ by a flea，the baby kept on scratching the bite，________ the bites infected.
A．Bitten，to make
B．To bite，to make
C．Biting，making
D．Bitten，making
9．(2017·江苏盐城中学高三综合测试)As young people，we should always take the lead________ the call of the government.
A．in response to
B．in relation to
C．in regard to
D．in addition to
10．—What do you think I should do，Anny?
—In my opinion，you will need to seek ________ advice about your claim for compensation.
A．financial
B．individual
C．professional
D．original
11．(2017·江苏南通如皋质检)—Mr.Priestly has just accepted our offer over the phone.
—Good，but you must ask him to ________ it in writing.
A．consume
B．confirm
C．consult
D．conduct
12．The recent financial crisis________into consideration，the Japanese boss________back on the number of workers working for him.
A．taken；cut
B．was taken；cut
C．taking；cuts
D．to take；cutting
13．Most of them were ________ my opinion while David was against it.
A．in honor of
B．in favour of
C．in search of
D．in member of
14．When you are lost，there is nothing ________than to stay where you are，waiting for help.
A．more
B．better
C．worse
D．rather
15．I would like a job which pays more，but________I enjoy the work I’m doing at the moment.
A．in other words
B．on the other hand
C．for one thing
D．as a matter of factⅡ.完形填空
(2017·湖南高考命题研究专家原创卷)The Saturday after Thanksgiving was the start of my family annual tamalada, our big tamale (玉米馅)－making party. We made them to __1__ with friends and neighbors for Christmas.
Preparation began with Daddy. He boiled the corn husks (壳). The next day, men were on hand for clean－up duty as corn. We also prepared the __2__ for the filling. According to long－standing tradition, no one was allowed to __3__ the kitchen during the steaming. This could ruin the process. No one wanted a(n) __4__ piece of tamales!
I thought the family tamalada would go on forever, but my father and brothers __5__ in a short span of time. We couldn’t face it. __6__， we stopped the tradition.
One afternoon, just before Thanksgiving in a supermarket, my mother saw some masa and corn husks. “It’s time，” Mom said. We set aside a __7__ to spend in the kitchen. There were just the two of us, alone with our thoughts. But as we laid everything out I fell into the old __8__， except now we were cleaning up. Mom lit a candle for our relatives in heaven and we got to work __9__ the tamales with meat. Neither of us stepped out of the busy kitchen until the steaming was complete. By the end of the day, we had platefuls of beautiful tamales to share, full of loving __10__ from the past and hopeful wishes for tomorrow.
We are preparing for this year’s tamalada and our kitchen will be __11__ once again. My grandniece wants to __12__ the family tradition. Life may change, but our family is forever bound together, by love, memories and our favorite Christmas dish.
1.A.discussB．work
C．share
D．sell
2．A.candle
B．masa
C．corn
D．meat
3．A.search
B．leave
C．clean
D．split
4．A.false
B．bad
C．acid
D．abnormal
5．A.claimed
B．died
C．abandoned
D．applauded
6．A.Eventually
B．Unbelievably
C．Punctually
D．Suddenly
7．A.Thursday B．Friday
C．Saturday
D．Sunday
8．A.routine
B．timetable
C．reference
D．avenue
9．A.sampling
B．filling
C．combing
D．bonding
10．A.details
B．comforts
C．choices
D．memories
11．A.crowded
B．fixed
C．hot
D．noisy
12．A.take on
B．depend on
C．carry on
D．put onⅢ.语法填空
(2017·湖南高考命题研究专家原创卷)The suspension bridge at Punalur town in South India was built in 1877. It still remains as an architecture wonder. 1.____________ was built by the British engineer, Albert Henry. The construction took six years for its completion. 2.____________ it was opened for traffic, people were afraid to use it 3.____________ they hesitated to even walk over it as its appearance was unusual.
But the engineer was quite confident about the strength of the structure. So he made 4.____________ remarkable demonstration to remove the fears of the public. He moored a country boat in 5.____________ stayed his family members below the bridge. Then he arranged to parade six large elephants over the bridge. The people did not doubt about the safety of the bridge any more. 6.____________ after the demonstration, they were ready to travel along the bridge 7.____________ any fear. It was successfully used for traffic for several decades.
It was the faith of the engineer that brought this extraordinary bridge 8.____________ use.
Ⅳ.阅读理解
A
(2017·湘潭高三模拟)It’s almost impossible to go through life without experiencing some kind of failure.If you have a fear of failure，you might be uncomfortable setting goals.But goals help us decide where we want to go in life.Without goals，we have no sure destination.
Many experts recommend visualization (形象化) as a powerful tool for goal setting.Imagining how life will be after you’ve reached your goal is a great motivator to keep you moving forward. However，visualization might produce the opposite results in people who have a fear of failure. In his article，researcher Thomas Langens showed that people who have a fear of failure were often left in a strong negative mood(消极情绪) after being asked to visualize goals and goal attainment.
So，what can you do instead?
Start by setting a few small goals.These should be goals that are slightly，but not overwhelmingly，challenging. Think of these goals as “early wins” that are designed to help improve your confidence.For example，if you’ve been too afraid to talk to the new department head (who has the power to give you the promotion you want)，then make this your first goal：Plan to stop by her office during the next week to introduce yourself.Or，imagine that you’ve dreamed of returning to school to get your MBA(工商管理硕士)，but you’re convinced that you’re not smart enough to be accepted into business school.Set a goal to talk with a school counselor or admissions officer to see what’s required for admission.
Try to make your goals tiny steps on the route to much bigger goals.Don’t focus on the end picture：getting the promotion，or graduating with an MBA.Just focus on the next step：introducing yourself to the department head，and talking to an admissions officer.That’s it.
Taking one small step at a time will help build your confidence，keep you moving forward，and prevent you from getting overwhelmed with visions of your final goal.
1．Paragraph 1 mainly talks about ________.
A．the fear of failure
B．the difficulty in setting goals
C．the reasons for failure
D．the importance of setting goals
2．The opinion of Thomas Langens is used to ________.
A．tell the results of setting goals
B．prove the limitations of visualization
C．draw the readers’ attention to the topic
D．stress the importance of visualization
3．The fourth paragraph is developed mainly by ______.
A．analyzing causes
B．making comparisons
C．following the order of space
D．giving examples
4．When setting goals，you should ________.
A．concentrate on your final goals
B．talk with your department head
C．begin with some small goals
D．have confidence in your success
5．What is the main theme of the passage?
A．Skills to set your goals.
B．Ways to overcome your fear of failure.
C．Having a goal is vital to success.
D．Visualization is a powerful tool for goal setting.
B
Jimmy is an automotive mechanic，but he lost his job a few months ago.He has a good heart，but always feared applying for a new job.
One day，he gathered up all his strength and decided to attend a job interview.His appointment was at 10 am and it was already 8：30.While waiting for a bus to the office where he was supposed to be interviewed，he saw an elderly man wildly kicking the tyre of his car.Obviously there was something wrong with the car.Jimmy immediately went up to lend him a hand.When Jimmy finished working on the car，the old man asked him how much he should pay for the service.Jimmy said there was no need to pay him；he just helped someone in need，and he had to rush for an interview.Then the old man said，“Well，I could take you to the office for your interview.It’s the least I could do.Please，I insist.”Jimmy agreed.
Upon arrival，Jimmy found a long line of applicants waiting to be interviewed.Jimmy still had some grease on him after the car repair，but he did not have much time to wash it off or have a change of shirt.One by one，the applicants left the interviewer’s office with disappointed looks on their faces.Finally his name was called.The interviewer was sitting on a large chair facing the office window.Rocking the chair back and forth，he asked，“Do you really need to be interviewed？”Jimmy’s heart sank.“With the way I look now，how could I possibly pass this interview？”he thought to himself.
Then the interviewer turned the chair and to Jimmy’s surprise，it was the old man he helped earlier in the morning.It turned out he was the General Manager of the company.
“Sorry I had to keep you waiting，but I was pretty sure I made the right decision to have you as part of our workforce before you even stepped into this office.I just know you’d be a trustworthy worker.Congratulations！”Jimmy sat down and they shared a cup of well－deserved coffee as he landed himself a new job.
6．Why did Jimmy apply for a new job?
A．He was out of work.
B．He was bored with his job.
C．He wanted a higher position.
D．He hoped to find a better boss.
7．What did Jimmy see on the way to the interview?
A．A friend’s car had a flat tyre.
B．A wild man was pushing a car.
C．A terrible car accident happened.
D．An old man’s car broke down.
8．Why did the old man offer Jimmy a ride?
A．He was also to be interviewed.
B．He needed a travelling companion.
C．He always helped people in need.
D．He was thankful to Jimmy.
9．How did Jimmy feel on hearing the interviewer’s question?
A．He was sorry for the other applicants.
B．There was no hope for him to get the job.
C．He regretted helping the old man.
D．The interviewer was very rude.
10．What can we learn from Jimmy’s experience?
A．Where there’s a will，there’s a way.
B．A friend in need is a friend indeed.
C．Good is rewarded with good.
D．Two heads are better than one.
Ⅴ.阅读填空
(2017·长沙重点中学高三联考)If you are a student who needs to do well in exams，then，this information just might serve you.
First，you need to be on time to your classes.Take notes in class.If you do it，then you will be on your way to becoming a very successful student.
It is wise that you raise your hand to ask your teacher questions，if you are totally lost.I highly recommend that you introduce yourself at the first class meeting.Ask thought－provoking(令人深思的) questions.
Make sure that you know what is going to be on your next test.You just may be thinking that is difficult to do，but it is not.Just ask the instructor if certain bits and pieces of information in your notes will be on the upcoming exam.Usually，the instructor gives out hints and tips to his class.For example，he or she might say，this is going to be on the next exam，note this，or remember that.
Now，let’s dig into the real mechanics of getting great grades：
Multiple intelligence is a wonderful way of learning.Pick out something that you wish to learn.Close your eyes and try to remember bits and pieces of that information.
Visualization.As you read or study，try to picture what you come across.Try out with children’s books and good reading materials that you like.
Progressive relaxation.Before entering a major assignment，take deep breaths as you count down from 10 to 1 with eyes closed.After that，you should be in a much better position to handle a future assignment.
Self－talk.Using self－talk to relax yourself，and repeat important information.You are not silly，nor are you crazy when you use self－talk as a learning tool.
Title：Ways of getting good grades
In－class 1.____________
2.____________ You need to come into your classes on time.
Notes You are more likely to succeed if you 3.____________in class.
Questions If you are totally lost，raise your hand to ask your teacher 4.____________questions.
Exam
information Try to get certain bits and pieces of information on what is going to be on the next 5.____________.
Approaches
Multiple
intelligence Remember as much information as you can about what you learn with eyes 6.____________.
Visualization Select good reading materials and
7．____________in your mind what you have read.
Progressive
relaxation 8.____________deeply to calm yourself so you can better handle a future assignment.
9.____________ Use self－talk to relax yourself and 10.____________important information.
Ⅵ.阅读简答
(2017·株洲三校高三模拟)Auditing(旁听)classes at university is an ideal way of learning or trying out new areas of study without committing yourself.
The trend of auditing university classes has swept across universities.Recently，Fudan Postgraduate，a publication by Fudan University，even released a map guide on its campus.Altogether，it features 25 courses，including details of lecture venues，time and recommendation.Students can design their own auditing routes based on a handy map.
“It is relaxing for us to take individual modules or units on a casual basis without committing ourselves to competing in order to gain credits，a degree or an award，”said Zhu Yanni, 22，a postgraduate majoring in environment management at Fudan University.
Zhu, editor of the guide，said she has benefited from the trend herself—she successfully moved from a bachelor’s degree in biochemistry to her current one after auditing classes.
Despite the advantages of learning in an open environment，university administrators remind us that there are still rules to follow.
Not all classes accept outsiders，especially minority language classes and science modules.These are often taught in small groups to ensure the effectiveness of learning，or require special equipment and individual instruction，which is only available to registered students who pay tuition fees.
Even if a teacher allows students to audit a class，visitors should be careful not to occupy the teacher’s time.It’s polite to greet the teacher when attending a course.Participate in discussions，but do not distract others.It’s OK to hand in homework assigned by the teacher，but expect general advice rather than careful correction.
Auditing classes aimlessly or beyond one’s ability can be a waste of time，warns Xu Jun,27，HR manager at Guangzhou Automobile Industry Group.“It’s good to audit some classes.But you have to manage your time well，as you can’t get any academic credit or formal recognition for these courses，”Xu suggests.
“Even though your interests are important，your degree is the first thing to consider at university.”
1．What is the new trend in some universities in China according to the passage？(No more than 2 words)
________________________________________________________________________
2．Why did Fudan Postgraduate release a map guide on its campus？(No more than 10 words)
________________________________________________________________________
3．Why do not all classes accept auditing students？(No more than 15 words)
________________________________________________________________________
4．What should you consider first when you audit classes at university according to Xu？(No more than 2 words)
________________________________________________________________________
课后达标检测15
Ⅰ.单项填空
1．解析：选A。考查冠词。make a breakthrough “突破，取得突破性成就”；come back to life“复活，活跃起来”。都是固定短语，所以选A。
2．解析：选A。考查动词短语意义辨析。point out“指出”；point to“提到(重要的事或理由)，指向”；point at“指着”；point up“强调，明确显示”。由句意可知A项正确。
3．解析：选B。make out意为“分清”；go on意为“继续”；come up意为“上来，发芽，提出”；turn out意为“最后结果，最终”，其后可跟副词、形容词、不定式或that从句。
4．解析：选B。句意：对不起，我不是故意那样做的，我原本只是打算帮助你的。by intention“故意地”；had intended to do“原打算做……”。
5．解析：选C。考查过去分词作补语的用法。English和动词speak之间是被动关系，故此处用过去分词表被动作补语。其余三项皆表示主动。
6．解析：选C。based on是过去分词短语做定语，它和被修饰的名词idea是被动关系。
7．解析：选C。句意：你不采纳他的建议是不明智的。因为他是这一领域里的权威。adapt“适应；改编”；adore“喜欢”；adopt“采纳；收养”；advance“前进；增长”。
8．解析：选D。bitten是过去分词做原因状语，和句子的主语the baby是被动关系，making是现在分词做结果状语。
9．解析：选A。句意：作为年轻人我们应该带头响应政府号召。
10．解析：选C。professional“职业的，专业的”；financial“金融的”； individual“个体的”；original“原来的，原始的”。句意：依我看，你需要一些关于赔偿金的专业的建议。
11．解析：选B。句意：——Priestly先生刚在电话里接受了我们的请求。——好，但你应该请他以书面的形式确定下来。confirm“确认，确定”。
12．解析：选A。第一个空是独立主格结构作状语，the recent financial crisis是被考虑在内，所以用过去分词，第二个空是谓语动词，根据句意应使用一般过去时。
13．解析：选B。in favour of“支持，赞成”，与后面的against“反对”构成转折关系。
14．解析：选B。句意：当你迷路的时候，最好的方式就是待在原处不动，等待援助。There is nothing better than to do sth.是固定句式，意为“最好做某事；没有比……再好了”。
15．解析：选B。A项意思是“换句话说”；B项意思是“另一方面”；C项的意思是“一方面”；D项的意思是“事实上”。根据题意，B项正确。
Ⅱ.完形填空
【解题导语】 一个家庭传统的兴衰见证了作者人生态度的转变。
1．解析：选C。根据倒数第二段中的“we had platefuls of beautiful tamales to share”可知应选share。
2．解析：选D。根据下文的“the tamales with meat”可知选D。
3．解析：选B。根据下文的“Neither of us stepped out of the busy kitchen”和本段的意思可知，当时的风俗习惯就是，做玉米馅饼的时候，任何人都不准走出厨房，要等蒸好了之后才能出来。
4．解析：选B。上一句提到那样可能会毁坏整个过程，可见没有人想要坏的玉米馅饼。
5．解析：选B。根据下文的“We couldn’t face it.”可知，一定发生了不好的事情，故选B项。
6．解析：选A。由于太过悲伤，作者和母亲最终放弃了这个传统。
7．解析：选C。根据第一段的“The Saturday after Thanksgiving”可知答案为C。
8．解析：选A。以前是爸爸先准备，第二天男女分工。现在只有作者和妈妈两个人了，所以很多事只能自己干。routine“惯例，常规”。
9．解析：选B。根据上文的“for the filling”可知答案为B。
10．解析：选D。根据该空后的“from the past”可知，此处表示“回忆”。
11．解析：选A。根据上文可知，作者已经多年没有延续这个传统，下文中提到“My grandniece”，因此可推知，今天厨房一定非常热闹。
12．解析：选C。孙侄女想继续这个家庭传统。
Ⅲ.语法填空
【解题导语】 文章讲述了印度一座吊索桥建成后人们不敢用桥，建筑师带领其家人想办法力证桥的安全性的故事。
1．解析：和前面的It是并列关系，都指“The suspension bridge”。
答案：It
2．解析：空处引导时间状语从句，此处表示在大桥开放通车后，故用When。
答案：When
3．解析：此处表示人们不敢使用这座桥，甚至不敢上桥走，因为这座桥看起来很不寻常。故空处应用and连接两个并列分句。
答案：and
4．解析：表示泛指，故用a，“一次引人注目的演示”。
答案：a
5．解析：空处引导定语从句，先行词是上文的“a country boat”，引导词在从句中充当介词的宾语。
答案：which
6．解析：shortly after或soon after为习惯搭配，表示“不久以后”。
答案：Soon/Shortly
7．解析：根据上文的“The people did not doubt about the safety of the bridge”可知，人们不再害怕在桥上行走。
答案：without
8．解析：考查固定搭配。“将……投入使用”用bring...into use。
答案：into
Ⅳ.阅读理解
A
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。没有目标我们就没有明确的目的地，然而有些人因害怕失败而不敢设定形象化的目标并为之努力。作者认为，当我们在设定目标时，应该从几个小目标开始，这样会帮助我们树立信心，以逐渐完成更大的目标。
1．解析：选D。段落大意题。根据第一段最后一句“Without goals，we have no sure destination.”可知，没有目标我们就没有明确的目的地。由此结合前几句话内容可知，第一段主要讨论的是设定目标的重要性。故选D。
2．解析：选B。推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句“...Thomas Langens showed that people who have a fear of failure were often left in a strong negative mood(消极情绪) after being asked to visualize goals and goal attainment”，并结合上文内容可知，Thomas Langens的观点证明了形象化的局限性。故选B。
3．解析：选D。写作手法题。根据第四段第四句“For example，if you’ve been too afraid to talk...”，并结合下文可知，第四段主要是以举例的形式来展开内容的。故选D。
4．解析：选C。细节理解题。根据第四段第一句“Start by setting a few small goals.”可知，当你设定目标时，应该从一些小目标开始。故选C。
5．解析：选A。主旨大意题。根据第三、四、五、六段可推知，本文的主题是设定目标的技巧。故选A。
B
【解题导语】 本文为一篇记叙文。讲述了吉米失业后去一家公司应聘的故事。在等公共汽车的时候，他看到一位老人的车坏了，就停下来帮助老人修车。车修好后，老人要给他钱，吉米拒绝了，并说了自己的情况。老人用车把吉米载到了他要去的公司。这位老人就是那家公司的总经理。最后，吉米得到了这份工作。本文旨在告诉读者“好人有好报”。
6．解析：选A。细节理解题。根据第一段中的he lost his job可知他失业了，因此要去申请一份新工作。选项B“他厌倦了他的工作”，选项C“他想得到一个更高的职位”以及选项D“他想找到一个更好的老板”在文中均未提及。
7．解析：选D。细节理解题。根据第二段中的．..he saw an elderly man...there was something wrong with the car.可推知吉米看到一位老人的车坏了。选项A“一个朋友的车瘪胎了”中的朋友与文章内容不相符；选项B“一个疯狂的男人在推车”与文中的“一个上了年纪的人在使劲地踢他汽车的轮胎”不相符；选项C“发生了一场可怕的事故”在文中未提及。
8．解析：选D。推理判断题。第二段中的后半部分提到吉米帮老人修好车后，又说了自己的情况，即他急着去参加面试，老人很感激他，就坚持要载他去。选项A“他也要去面试”在文中未提及；选项B“他需要一个旅游同伴”在文中也未提及；选项C“他总是帮助需要帮助的人”在文中也未提及。
9．解析：选B。推理判断题。由第三段中的倒数第二句Jimmy’s heart sank.可推知他感觉自己已经没有希望得到这份工作了。选项A“他为其他的申请者感到遗憾”，选项C“他后悔帮助了那位老人”，选项D“这位面试官很粗鲁”在文中均未提及。
10．解析：选C。推理判断题。根据文中的叙述可知，吉米在去面试时帮助了一位车坏了的老人，而这位老人就是他去面试的那家公司的总经理，于是吉米得到了那份工作。由此我们可以推断出本文旨在告诉读者“好人有好报”。选项A“有志者，事竟成”，选项B“患难朋友才是真朋友”，选项D“两人智慧胜一人”，都与文章主旨不符。
Ⅴ.阅读填空
1．requirements 2.Class attendance 3.take notes 4.thoughtprovoking
5．test/exam 6.closed 7.picture 8.Breathe 9.Selftalk 10.repeat
Ⅵ.阅读简答
1．Auditing classes.
2．To help students design their own auditing routes.
3．Because some classes are taught in small groups or require special equipment and individual instruction.
4．The degree./Degree.