课时提升作业(九)
必修3 Unit 3
(建议用时40分钟)
. 单项填空
1. (2017·长沙模拟) ________ in 1995, the Sea Launch group was made up of four companies from Norway, Russia, Ukraine and the United States.
A. Founded B. Founding
C. To found
D. Having founded
【解析】选A。句意: Sea Launch组织成立于1995年, 是由来自挪威、俄罗斯、乌克兰和美国的四家公司组成的。这里是过去分词作状语, 与主句的主语构成逻辑上的被动关系。故选A。
2. More children in Beijing will reach school age next year, ________ a shortage of primary school teachers in the capital.
A. create B. to create
C. creating
D. created
【解析】选C。句意: 明年在北京有更多的孩子到了上学的年龄, 这导致在首都小学教师短缺。结合句意可知, 此处应用v. -ing形式作结果状语, 表示自然而然的结果。
3. They discussed the problem the whole afternoon, but they didn’t give us the direct ________ .
A. target B. solution
C. measure
D. function
【解析】选B。句意: 整个下午他们都在讨论这个问题, 但是他们没有给我们直接的解决办法。solution解决办法; target目标; measure措施; function功能。
4. (2017·漳州模拟)Christmas is a holiday usually celebrated on December 25th ________ the birth of Jesus Christ.
A. in charge of B. in terms of
C. in favor of
D. in memory of
【解析】选D。句意: 圣诞节是一个假日, 为纪念耶稣诞辰通常在12月25日庆祝。in memory of为纪念; in charge of负责; in terms of就……而言; in favor of支持, 赞成。
5. Many more popular terms are reported ________ on the Internet last year.
A. to be created B. to have been created
C. having been created
D. created
【解析】选B。句意: 据报道去年网络上创造出很多更为流行的术语。Sth. /Sb. is reported to do为固定句式, 不定式动作先于谓语动作而发生, terms与create为被动关系, 故B项正确。
6. There is no doubt ________ spending too much time surfing the Internet or watching TV contributes to nearsightedness, a serious problem of young people in many countries.
A. whether
B. that
C. if
D. what
【解析】选B。句意: 毫无疑问, 花太多的时间上网或者看电视是近视的原因之一, 这在许多国家的年轻人中是个严重的问题。There is no doubt that. . . 毫无疑问……为固定句型。
【加固训练】
(2017·杭州模拟)There is still some doubt ________ the system will work even though all the factors have been considered.
A. that B. which
C. why
D. whether
【解析】选D。句意: 即使所有的因素都考虑了, 这个系统是否会运行仍有些疑问。There is some doubt whether. . . 对……有些疑问为固定句型。
7. His confidence built up ________ as he gained more and more experience in teaching.
A. mostly B. generally
C. constantly
D. gradually
【解析】选D。句意: 随着教学经验的不断增加, 他的信心逐渐增强。gradually逐渐地, 渐渐地; mostly主要地; generally一般地; constantly不断地, 时常地。
8. (2017·淮安模拟)Microsoft ended support for Windows XP after April 8, which ________ a major operating system for some Chinese computer users, and advised users to upgrade to Windows 8. 1.. remained
B. remains
C. is remainingD. is remained
【解析】选B。句意: 4月8日之后, 微软对Windows XP的支持结束并建议用户更新到Windows 8. 1, Windows XP对一些中国电脑用户来说依然是主要的操作系统。remain是系动词, 没有进行时也不能用于被动语态, 根据句意可知应用一般现在时。
9. (2017·南京模拟)According to the manager, the business plan will help the company ________ other small businesses and help them become the number one business over the next 50 years. A. take out
B. take control
C. take over
D. rule out
【解析】选C。句意: 根据经理的观点, 这个商业计划有助于公司兼并别的小公司, 帮助他们在未来50年成为头号企业。take over接管; take out拿出; take control采取控制; rule out排除, 取消。
10. The headmaster didn’t seem to be ________ that there should have been so much disagreement about the decision.
A. anxious B. aware
C. convenient
D. sensible
【解析】选B。句意: 校长好像没有意识到这个表决竟然有这么多分歧。be aware that意识到; anxious焦虑的; convenient方便的; sensible明智的。
11. She ________ to London after an argument with the family.
A. panicked B. complained
C. fled
D. conveyed
【解析】选C。句意: 她与家人吵架后离家去了伦敦。flee逃离; panic惊慌; complain抱怨; convey传达。
12. (2017·合肥模拟)—Mr Green, can you spare me a few minutes? I still have some questions about your assignment.
— ________ .
A. It’s a pleasure
B. Not at all
C. Help yourself
D. Sure, go ahead
【解析】选D。句意: ——格林先生, 你能为我抽出几分钟吗? 我对你安排的任务还有几个问题想问一下。——当然可以, 问吧。根据句意可知D项正确。It’s a pleasure不用谢; Not at all别客气; Help yourself请自便。
13. The young couple will have to rent a house, for their newly bought one ________ .
A. was decorated B. is being decorated
C. will decorate
D. had decorated
【解析】选B。decorate是及物动词, 应用被动语态。根据句意“这对年轻夫妇必须租房子, 因为他们新买的房子正在装修中。”及will have to可知, 要用现在进行时的被动语态。
14. After the earthquake I went there, I saw the whole town ________ , and now everything has changed.
A. in ruins B. in poverty
C. in disorder
D. in rags
【解析】选A。考查介词短语。句意: 地震过后, 我去了那儿, 我看见整个城镇都成了废墟, 现在一切都改变了。in ruins成为废墟; in poverty处于贫困中; in disorder混乱; in rags衣衫褴褛。
15. The book was written ________ careful observations and detailed studies.
A. on the ground of B. on behalf of
C. on average
D. on the basis of
【解析】选D。句意: 这本书是在仔细观察与细致研究的基础上撰写的。on the ground of因为, 由于; on behalf of代表; on average平均; on the basis of“在……基础上”, 符合题意。
. 完形填空
The world would be a better place if we all had children’s eyes. This is not because children’s eyes are too sharp to allow any blot(污点, 瑕疵)to pass without being 1 , but because adults have too many conflicting concerns to keep their eyes open to all wrongdoings.
Not long before, an examination, intended to 2 some police officers to higher positions, was held in Gansu province. Someone 3 with a good idea that 18 primary pupils could be invited to act as invigilators(监考人). At that age, students would do as they are told and act fearlessly. 4 , they caught 25 officers cheating on the spot, which has caused a stir(轰动, 搅动)and 5 the question of whether adult invigilators would 6 their duties as well.
The implication of this event goes 7 its impact on the work style of local police officers and the examinations. Most people said what these children have done points to the sad fact of 8 being less trustworthy. If adults acted as invigilators, they would quite 9 turn a blind eye to cheating.
We Chinese have been holding the 10 that human nature was good at birth: as 11 of blot as a sheet of blank paper, which can be 12 with content(good or bad)in the process of growing up. Everything should be done on the basis of certain principles(原则). 13 , nowadays the repeated reports of cheating in examinations, selling ranks and 14 and embezzling(挪用)public funds paint a 15 picture of common social morals. Adults have become too concerned with their own personal gains to 16 basic sense of principles. When no one 17 any principle and the only concern is personal interest, everyone will 18 not only those who first break the rules.
Besides, cheats are unfair to honest examinees, and when the success of cheats 19 more people to cheat, the consequences will be disastrous.
In a word, we adults need to have our eyes as 20 as children’s on matters of principle.
【文章大意】文章通过甘肃省警察系统考试让小学生监考, 并抓住很多作弊的人, 讨论成年人不管社会的原则只是关心自己的得失, 表达作者的愿望: 希望在原则问题上, 成年人的眼睛能像孩子的一样清澈、透明。
1. A. praised B. dismissed
C. caught
D. thrown
【解析】选C。逻辑推理题。catch抓住。这不是因为孩子的眼睛太尖锐, 不能让污点没有被抓住就通过了。
2. A. develop B. investigate
C. prevent
D. promote
【解析】选D。前后照应题。promote提升。一次一场意图提拔一些警察到更高职位的考试在甘肃举行。
3. A. caught up B. came up
C. kept up
D. put up
【解析】选B。短语辨析题。come up提出。有人提出一个好主意, 让18个小学生做监考人。
4. A. Surprisingly B. Usually
C. Safely
D. Slowly
【解析】选A。逻辑推理题。surprisingly令人惊讶的是。令人惊讶的是, 他们抓住25个官员作弊。
5. A. hid B. recommended
C. raised
D. affected
【解析】选C。词义辨析题。raise举起, 饲养, 提出。这件事引起巨大的轰动, 提出了一个问题: 成年的监考者是否能像孩子表现得这么好。
6. A. accept B. ignore
C. refuse
D. perform
【解析】选D。词义辨析题。perform表现。成年的监考者是否能像孩子表现得这么好。
7. A. without B. beyond
C. into
D. for
【解析】选B。固定搭配题。beyond超出。这件事的影响超出了对当地警察工作作风和考试的影响。
8. A. tutors B. pupils
C. adults
D. teachers
【解析】选C。前后照应题。adult成年人。这些孩子做的事情指出成年人不值得信任的事实。
9. A. probably B. suddenly
C. luckily
D. gradually
【解析】选A。背景常识题。probably可能。如果成年人做监考者, 他们可能会对作弊睁一只眼闭一只眼。
10. A. opportunity B. dream
C. belief
D. hope
【解析】选C。词义辨析题。belief信念。我们中国人一直相信人天生是善良的。
11. A. free B. busy
C. ugly
D. dirty
【解析】选A。固定搭配题。free of blot(像白纸一样)没有污点。
12. A. described B. filled
C. purchased
D. charged
【解析】选B。逻辑推理题。be filled with填满。在成长的过程中可能会被填上好的和坏的内容。
13. A. Unless B. Therefore
C. However
D. Thus
【解析】选C。逻辑推理题。前面的Everything should be done on the basis of certain principles. 和空后的nowadays the repeated reports of cheating in examinations, 是转折关系。
14. A. names B. titles
C. goods
D. products
【解析】选B。前后照应题。title头衔。和ranks并列的是titles, 指出买卖头衔、官衔的行为。
15. A. bright B. beautiful
C. pleasant
D. sad
【解析】选D。逻辑推理题。sad伤心的。考试作弊, 买官卖官, 挪用公款给社会道德描述出了一幅让人伤心的画面。
16. A. care about B. put aside
C. contribute to D. come across
【解析】选A。短语辨析题。care about关心, 在乎。成年人已经变得太关心个人利益而不在乎基本的原则。
17. A. understands B. observes
C. possesses
D. changes
【解析】选B。固定搭配题。observe观察, 遵守, 庆祝。句意表示“遵守原则”。
18. A. act B. exist
C. suffer
D. survive
【解析】选C。前后照应题。suffer遭受。每一个人都会受罪吃苦, 而不只是那些第一个违反原则的人。
19. A. advises B. encourages
C. warns
D. informs
【解析】选B。逻辑推理题。encourage鼓励。一旦作弊成功, 就会鼓励更多的人去作弊。20. A. beautiful B. young
C. wide
D. clear
【解析】选D。逻辑推理题。clear清澈的。总之, 在原则问题上, 成年人的眼睛应该和孩子一样的清澈、透明、纯净。
. 阅读理解
(2017·南京模拟)
This is VOA. The National Cryptologic Museum is on Fort George G. Meade, a military base near Washington, DC. The method of hiding exact meanings is called coding. People have used secret codes throughout history to protect important information. The National Cryptologic Museum celebrated 60 years of cryptologic excellence in 2017. One event there marked the sixtieth anniversary of the National Security Agency. Two former NSA workers shared their memories of operating a code machine called Sigaba.
In 1940, an American woman named Genevieve Grotjan found some information being repeated in Japanese coded messages. Her discovery helped the United States understand secret Japanese diplomatic messages. After the United States understood the code, it was possible to study messages from the Japanese ambassador to Germany and to his supervisors in Japan.
Understanding these messages helped the United States prepare for a possible war in the Pacific with Japan. After the attack on Pearl Harbor, the American naval commander in the Pacific Ocean was Chester Nimitz. His forces were much smaller than the Japanese Naval forces. And the Japanese had been winning many victories. Joseph Rochefort had worked for several months to read the secret Japanese Naval code called JN-25. If he could understand enough of the code, he would be able to give Admiral Nimitz very valuable information.
From the beginning of 1942, the Japanese code discussed a place called “AF. ”Joseph Rochefort felt the Japanese were planning an important battle aimed at “AF. ”After several weeks, he and other naval experts told Admiral Nimitz that their best idea was that the “AF” in the Japanese code was the American-held island of Midway. Admiral Nimitz said he must have more information to prepare for such an attack.
The Navy experts decided to trick Japan. They told the American military force on Midway to broadcast a false message. The message said the island was having problems with its water-processing equipment. The message asked that fresh water be sent to the island immediately. This message was not sent in code.
Several days later, a Japanese radio broadcast in the JN-25 code said that “AF” had little water. Joseph Rochefort had the evidence he needed. “AF” was now known to be the island of Midway. He also told Admiral Nimitz the Japanese would attack Midway on June 13. The battle that followed was a huge American victory. That victory was possible because Joseph Rochefort learned to read enough of the Japanese code to discover the meaning of the letters “AF”.
One American code has never been broken. Perhaps it never will. It was used in the Pacific during World WarⅡ. For many years the government would not discuss this secret code. Listen for a moment to this very unusual code. Then you may understand why the Japanese military forces were never able to understand any of it.
The code is in the voice of a Native American. The man you just heard is singing a simple song in the Navajo language. Very few people outside the Navajo nation are able to speak any of their very difficult language.
At the beginning of World WarⅡ, the United States Marine Corps asked members of the Navajo tribe to train as Code Talkers.
The Cryptologic Museum says the Marine Corps Code Talkers could take a sentence in English and change it into their language in about 20 seconds. A code machine needed about 30 minutes to do the same work.
The Navajo Code Talkers took part in every battle the Marines entered in the Pacific during World WarⅡ. The Japanese were very skilled at breaking codes. But they were never able to understand any of what they called “The Marine Code. ”
The Cryptologic Museum has many pieces of mechanical and electric equipment used to change words into code. It also has almost as many examples of machines used to try to change code back into useful words.
【文章大意】2017年国家密码博物馆庆祝其60年卓越的密码逻辑, 这个事件标志着国家安全局成立了60周年, 两位前国家安全局员工分享了他们操作名叫Sigaba密码机的记忆。
1. The NSA was founded ________ .
A. in 1940
B. 1942
C. in 1952
D. in 2017
【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据文章第一段The National Cryptologic Museum celebrated 60 years of cryptologic excellence in 2017. One event there marked the sixtieth anniversary of the National Security Agency. 可知。
2. According to the passage, which one is NOT right?
A. “Cryptologic” implies containing some hidden information.
B. The US decoded “AF” and won the victory in Midway Islands.
C. Both Rochefort and Nimitz were American navy commanders.
D. The US Marine Corps was fallen for in Midway Islands battle.
【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据文章第六段The battle that followed was a huge American victory. That victory was possible because Joseph Rochefort learned to read enough of the Japanese code to discover the meaning of the letters “AF”. 可知。
3. The Americans used the Navajo language in their coding system during World WarⅡ for the reason that ________ . A. it was the most beautiful language in the world
B. it was commonly used in coding system worldwide
C. the United States Marine Corps invented it then
D. unusual language was successfully used for codes
【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据文章第八段Very few people outside the Navajo nation are able to speak any of their very difficult language. 可知。
4. This passage is probably adapted from ________ .
A. an evening paper
B. a science fictionC. a broadcasting program
D. a travel guidebook
【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据文章第一段This is VOA. 可知。
【技法导练】
把握文章特点, 破解文章出处
1. 报纸(newspaper): 报纸时事性比较强, 前面会出现日期、地点或通讯社名称。
2. 广告(advertisement): 因其用词和格式特殊, 容易辨认。
3. 说明(instructions): 器皿、设备的使用说明会有产品名称或操作方法, 而药品的服用说明会告知服用时间、次数、药量等。
4. 网站(website): 介绍时事或其他信息, 如果有click here等字眼那就肯定是网上文章。
5. 杂志(magazine): 在文章的结构上, 开头总说, 再分别介绍, 最后评论一般为杂志类的文章, 再从文章内容确定为哪一类杂志, 如旅游、经济、娱乐或科学类。
6. 教科书(textbook): 教科书一般比较严谨, 高考文章一般不会选自教科书。
7. 日记(diary): 从格式上很容易辨认。
8. 报告(report): 有商业报告、学术报告和科学报告等。
9. 导游手册(guide): 一般为景点介绍, 常含有票价、开放时间等信息。
10. 广播节目(broadcasting program): 介绍时事或其他信息, 文中会出现BBC, broadcast, The news read by. . . , That’s the end of the news from. . . , You are listening to the news from. . . 等提示语。
以阅读理解为例:
题号 内容 答案
4 This is VOA. C(a broadcasting program)