课时提升作业(二十三)
选修7 Unit 4
(建议用时25分钟)
. 单项填空
1. (2017·盐城模拟)Should it rain tomorrow, we would have to ________ the visit to the Yangpu Bridge.
A. suggest B. postpone
C. oppose
D. disobey
【解析】选B。句意: 明天要是下雨的话, 我们将推迟参观杨浦大桥。postpone“推迟”符合句意。suggest建议, 提议, 暗示; oppose反对; disobey违抗。
2. (2017·常州模拟)A class with 40 kids is more likely to ________ opposing groups than one with 20, which may explain why students tend to do better in smaller classes.
A. look into
B. split into
C. break into
D. run into
【解析】选B。句意: 一个有40个孩子的班级比一个只有20个孩子的班级更容易分裂, 这也许可以解释为什么小班的学生学得更好。split(up)into“分开(成几部分)”符合句意。
3. If you ________ the affair, I shall be very grateful.
A. apply B. experience
C. undertake
D. command
【解析】选C。考查动词辨析。句意: 要是你愿意承办这件事, 我将不胜感激。apply“应用”; experience“经历”; undertake“承诺, 承担”; command“命令”, C项符合句意。
4. ________ in the store to buy an iPhone 6 for thirty minutes, he began to lose his patience.
A. Having waited B. Having been waited
C. Waited
D. To wait
【解析】选A。考查非谓语动词。句意: 为了买部iPhone 6, 在商店里等了30分钟后, 他失去了耐心。“wait”先于谓语动作发生, 且与主语“he”构成主动关系, 所以用v. -ing的完成式。
【加固训练】
________ any land, the man struggling in the sea was desperate completely.
A. Not seeing B. Not seenC. Not to see
D. Having not seen
【解析】选A。考查非谓语动词。句意: 由于没有看见任何陆地, 那个正在海里挣扎着的人彻底绝望了。现在分词作原因状语, see与逻辑主语the man构成主动关系, 故用现在分词, 表主动; not应该放在非谓语动词的前面。
5. At the press conference, the manager ________ the message that the company is trying to find possible solutions to the problem.
A. left
B. conveyed
C. carried
D. took
【解析】选B。句意: 在资讯发布会上, 经理传达了公司正努力寻找这个问题的合理解决方法的信息。convey“表达; 传递”符合题意。
6. (2017·长沙模拟)Life is like a bus ________ with passengers, each man to his destination.
A. loading
B. to load
C. loaded
D. having loaded
【解析】选C。句意: 人生就像一辆满载乘客的客车, 每个人都驶向自己的目的地。bus与load之间为被动关系, 因此用过去分词作定语。
7. (2017·嘉兴模拟)Jiaxing is a small city. Therefore, to ________ the flow of traffic, the government has decided to broaden some main streets.
A. speed up B. build up
C. put up
D. come up
【解析】选A。speed up意思是: (使)加速。句意: 嘉兴是一个小城。因此, 为了加速车辆的流动, 政府已经决定拓宽几条主要的街道。
8. ________ you have a healthy diet, you can reduce its benefits by bad eating habits.
A. As long as B. Even if
C. As far as
D. Now that
【解析】选B。考查连词。句意: 即使你有健康的饮食, 也会因不好的饮食习惯而减少它的益处。even if意为“即使”, 符合句意。
9. (2017·泰州模拟)—It’s a long time since I saw my sister.
— ________ her this weekend?
A. Why not visit B. Why not to visit
C. Why not visiting
D. Why don’t visit
【解析】选A。句意: ——我很久没见我的姐姐了。——为什么这周末不去看看她呢? Why not do. . . ? “为什么不……? ”为常用句型。若选D项, 应在don’t后加you。
10. Due to the super typhoon Haiyan, all the flights were delayed or cancelled, so the conference had to be ________ .
A. put off B. put through
C. put up
D. put down
【解析】选A。考查动词词组辨析。句意: 由于超级台风“海燕”, 所有的航班都被推迟或取消了, 因此这个会议不得不被推迟了。put off推迟; put through完成; put up张贴; put down记下。
11. —He says that my new car is a ________ of money.
—Don’t you think those words are just sour grapes?
A. lack B. load
C. question
D. waste
【解析】选D。本题考查名词词组在具体语境中的用法辨析。句意: ——他说我的新车只是在浪费钱而已。——难道你不觉得那些话有吃不着葡萄说葡萄酸的感觉吗? a lack of缺乏; a load of大量, 许多; a question of……的问题; a waste of浪费。
12. Nothing will be done because no ________ takes the matter seriously.
A. authority B. power
C. energy
D. author
【解析】选A。考查名词。authority“当局; 当权者”符合题意; power权力; energy精力; author作者, 作家。
13. —Have you come to an agreement?—No, we haven’t discussed the matter ________ .
A. in case B. in total
C. in common
D. in detail
【解析】选D。in detail表示“详细地”; 答句表示“没有, 我们还没有详细地讨论这个问题”。
14. He came here ________ to see you, ________ after he heard that you had returned from abroad.
A. specially; mainly B. specially; especiallyC. especially; especially
D. especially; specially
【解析】选B。句意: 他来这里是专门看你的, 特别是在听说你从国外回来后。specially“专门地”符合题意。
15. —Can I have the sports section, please?
— ________ . I’ve read it.
A. Yeah, go ahead B. It’s up to you
C. It depends
D. It’s not allowed
【解析】选A。句意: ——请问, 我可以看一下体育专刊吗? ——好的, 看吧。我已经看过了。go ahead“行; 可以”符合语境。
. 阅读理解
A
Children’s books or children’s literature are very hard to define and categorise, because there is no set genre for children to enjoy. All in all they can be categorised into six major classes, namely early childhood picture books, traditional literature, fiction, non-fiction, biography and poetry.
Children have unique taste and interest. Although Harry Potter may be an all-time favourite book for children all over the globe, they prefer funny books to fairy tales when it comes to bedtime. The top three favourite books in bedtime stories are The Gruffalo by Julia Donaldson and Axel Scheffler, The Very Hungry Caterpillar by Eric Carle and The BFG by Roald Dahl.
There are many writers who popularized the children’s literature or children’s books through their brilliant works. John Amos Comenius is the author of Orbis Pictus which is considered to be the first picture book specifically for children. Charles Perrault is believed to be the one who laid the foundation of fairy tales. Perrault’s stories include Little Red Riding Hood, Cinderella, Sleeping Beauty and so on. Hans Christian Anderson is best known for his fairy tales, such as The Snow Queen, The Little Mermaid and The Emperor’s New Clothes.
Many children’s books have been made into feature films and are equally successful in this medium, like Alice in Wonderland, the BFG series and the Harry Potter series. These series collected a huge amount of money when released worldwide in cinema halls. All these movies based on popular children’s books are not only popular among children but also popular among adult audience.
Children’s books are in demand all over the world and more and more writers and authors are coming up with some new books. The potential market is immense because children are more into reading in this era than previous and they are enjoying it to the fullest.
【文章大意】本文介绍了儿童图书的分类、著名儿童作家及其作品, 其中有些作品已经被改编成了电影。
1. Before going to sleep children like to enjoy ________ .
A. fairy tales
B. non-fiction
C. funny books
D. traditional literature
【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第二段中的“they prefer funny books. . . ”可知, 孩子们在睡觉前喜欢读有趣的书。
. All the following books are fairy tales EXCEPT ________ .
A. The Snow Queen B. The Gruffalo
C. Little Red Riding HoodD. Cinderella
【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句可知The Snow Queen是童话(fairy tale); 根据第三段第三句及第四句可知Little Red Riding Hood和Cinderella也都是童话; 由第二段中的“they prefer funny books to. . . The top three. . . ”可知B项不是童话。
3. Which of the following is NOT true about the films based on children’s books?
A. Adults seem not to like them at all.
B. They bring in a lot of money.
C. They are very popular with children.
D. They are shown around the world.
【解析】选A。细节理解题。文章第四段中叙述了很多儿童书被改编成了电影, 而根据该段最后一句“All these movies based. . . ”可知成人也喜欢这些电影。
4. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that ________ .
A. more famous books would be published in futureB. children would like to read children’s books more
C. more people are eager to be writers and authors
D. the economy is developing faster and faster
【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Children’s books are in demand all over. . . ”可推知, 孩子们越来越喜欢儿童图书。
5. Which of the following would be the best title for this passage?
A. There Are Six Kinds of Children’s Books
B. Some Writers Are Well-known in the World
C. Many Films Are Based on Children’s Books
D. Children’s Books and Literature Are Very Popular
【解析】选D。主旨大意题。文章介绍了很多儿童书籍被改编成电影的情况以及儿童书籍未来的发展潜力等, 这些都表明了儿童书籍很流行。故D项符合题意。
B
(2017·凉州模拟)
Photographs are everywhere. They decorate the walls of homes and are used in stores for sales of different goods. The news is filled with pictures of fires, floods, and special events. Photos record the beauties of nature. They can also bring things close that are far away. Through photos, people can see wild animals, cities in foreign lands, and even the stars in outer space. Photos also tell stories.
Reporting the news through photos is called photojournalism. At times photojournalists tell their stories through a single picture. At other times, they use a group of pictures to tell a story. Each picture is like a chapter in a book, which can do more than record the facts. It can also be a strong force for social change.
Jacob Riis was among the first photojournalists. He took pictures of parts of New York City where the poor lived. Riis believed that poverty caused crime, and he used photos to help him prove his point. A few years later, the photos of small children working in factories by Lewis Hine shocked the public. Hine’s pictures helped bring about laws to protect such children.
Hundreds of pictures may have to be taken in order to get one or two really good photos. It takes science to have the photo come out clearly and art to make a photo that has a good design and expresses feeling. Photojournalists make an actual record of what they see. A photo, however, can be both a work of art and an actual record. It can record an important event as a beautiful or exciting picture.
As historical and artistic documents, photos can become more important over time. Today photojournalists still have their pictures appear in newspapers and magazines. They also publish them in books and on the Internet.
【文章大意】Jacob Riis是第一批资讯摄影家之一, 他用他拍的照片帮助立法以保护那些贫穷的孩子们。
6. The underlined word “They” in the first paragraph refers to ________ .
A. beauties
B. photos
C. goods
D. events
【解析】选B。词义猜测题。前一句提到Photos record the beauties of nature. 照片记录自然之美, 显然这里They指照片, 意思为“照片把本来很遥远的东西给拉近了”, 故选B合适。
7. The photos of the small children by Hine show us that photos ________ .
A. are also works of art
B. are popular ways of reporting news
C. often shock the public
D. can serve as a force for social change
【解析】选D。细节理解题。由第二段最后一句与第三段最后一句可知, 几年后, Lewis Hine拍的小孩在工厂里工作这些照片使公众震惊。他的照片帮助带来法律以保护这些孩子。故选D。
8. What can we learn from the passage?
A. News with pictures is encouraging.
B. Photos help people improve their life.
C. News photos mean history in a sense.
D. People prefer reading news with pictures.
【解析】选C。推理判断题。由第四段最后两句可知, 一张照片既是艺术的杰作, 又是一个实际的记录。它可以记录重要的事件, 也可以是一幅美丽的或令人兴奋的图画。故选C。
9. The text is mainly about ________ .
A. telling the story through pictures
B. decorating the walls of homes
C. publishing historical papers
D. expressing feelings through pictures
【解析】选A。主旨大意题。考查文章概括能力, 通读全文便知, 文章主要谈到图片在传递信息中的作用。故选A。
【技法导练】
把握规律, 排除干扰, 抓取大意
阅读理解中的主旨大意题, 在命题方式、题目排序、干扰选项的设置方面都有规律可循, 如果把握了这些规律, 势必会排除干扰, 准确寻到合适答案。
1. 主旨大意题的命题特点:
常用的题干关键词①大意类: main idea(大意), theme(主题)……; ②标题类: title(标题); ③意图类: purpose(意图), aim(目标), intend(打算)
2. 干扰项的设置特点:
①干扰项只阐述了文章的一部分内容, 也就是文章的局部信息, 呈现以偏概全;
②干扰项常常以文章中的个别信息或个别字眼作为选项设置内容, 或者以次要的事实或细节冒充全文的主要观点, 出现断章取义;
③干扰项所归纳、概括的范围过大或过小, 与文章实际所讨论的内容不符合, 使得主题扩大或变小;
④命题者有意地把属于A的特征放在B的身上, 构成一个干扰项。考生不注意的情况下会造成错选答案, 张冠李戴;
⑤有的干扰项中的关键词语似乎在文章中谈到了, 但认真分析之后你会发现这类干扰项的内容与文章的内容毫无联系, 属于典型的无中生有。