要求考生根据文章的某个句子、 某个段落或者全文所提供的事实和线索进行逻辑推理, 推断出作者没有提到的或者没有明说的事实或者可能发生的事实,旨在考查考生透过词语的字面意义去理解作者的言外之意或弦外之音的能力。 这类试题的题干中常含infer(推断),suggest(提示),imply(预示),indicate(暗示),conclude(得出结论),be likely to...等词语。 推断隐含意义 解答这类试题, 可按以下三个步骤进行:
(1) 寻读,找到相关信息点(推理的依据),题干中指明了某句或某段的已有范围,易找;若是from the passage或没有规定范围的,根据各个选项的关键词,在文中迅速找到相关信息点。 (2) 研读,理解相关信息点的字面意义。 (3) 推理,结合语境和常识,以及文章的主旨,在理解相关信息的字面意义的基础上进行符合逻辑的推断,从而理解作者的言外之意。
注意:了解错误选项的特点,避免误选。 ⑴原文信息的重述,而非推断出来的结论。(易误选) ⑵推理过度的片面结论。 ⑶与文中内容不符或完全相反的结论等。 ⑷符合考生已有常识,但文章中没有信息支持。(易误选)
1. What does the last sentence of the passage imply? A. A writer doesn’t have to be faithful to his findings. B. A writer may write about a hero in his own way. C. A writer may not be responsible for what he writes. D. A writer has hardly any freedom to show his feelings.
即学即用 A 解析: A
推断隐含意义。第一步,找到最后一句;第二步,理解字面意思“托尔斯泰研究过(拿破仑),但作品是他自己写的”;第三步,在推断隐含意义之前,先看看文章的主旨“这是小说家用来展示人物道德品性的一种方法(It is a way the novelist…)”it是指什么?指上段中“本文要讨论的问题不是托尔斯泰描写的准确性(与记载的历史事实相差不远)而是他对历史事实的选择(其他可以写的事他不写)”,结合主旨,不难推出:作家不一定忠实他所发现的所有事实。故选A,选项B、C、D都推理过度。
2. What can we infer from Paragraph 2?
A. China lacks wind and solar energy. B. China is the leader of the low-carbon market. C. High-speed trains are a low-carbon development. D. Palm oil is made at the cost of valuable forests.
C 解析: C
推理判断题。第一步,信息定位:在各选项中画出关键词,如选项A的wind and solar energy,选项B中的lead,选项C的High-speed trains,选项D的Palm oil,寻读,在第二段搜索high-speed trains,寻找关键信息,在第四句中找到high-speed trains,结合前一句可解题;第二步,信息理解:“中国下定决心力争引领低碳能源市场”“中国花巨资制造电动汽车和高铁”;第三步,信息推断:“高铁是低碳发展”,故选C。
3. What can be inferred about David?
A. He recovered after months of treatment. B. He liked biking before he lost his family. C. He went into university soon after starting to talk. D. He got friends in school before he met the author.
A 解析: A 推理判断题。从第四段中的Some months later, when we were playing chess, he looked up at me suddenly到第六段的David started talking …Now he had really started to live his own life可以推断,经过几个月的治疗,他渐渐康复了。
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