Module1 Life in the Future
Ⅰ.阅读理解(共两节)
第一节 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C、D)中，选出最佳选项。
All day long，litter builds up between brain cells.A study now finds that trash(垃圾)is washed away by fluids in the brain during sleep.That's potentially good news because such garbage(废物) includes a substance linked to Alzheimer's disease.
Evidence of this brain washing emerged in a study on mice.But the finding gave researchers an idea of what may happen in the brains of sleeping people.
A sleep researcher at the University of Wisconsin－Madison，Chiara Cirelli called the new finding “eye－opening and exciting”．
Maiken Nedergaard is a neuroscientist.Her team had been studying a drainage process in the brain that acts like a sewer system(排水系统)．What the scientists hadn't expected was to find that this system performs a different role during sleep than it does while animals are awake.As animals slept，fluids began flowing from the brain into the spaces between brain cells.These fluids washed away the junk that had built up while animals were awake.
Other studies had shown that during waking hours，brain cells pump out bits of protein and other substances.The longer someone stays awake，the more litter builds up.That trash includes proteins that gather in the brains of people with Alzheimer's disease，which causes people to lose the ability to think，learn and remember.
Once mice fell asleep，fluids flowed into their brains.“It was almost like you opened a tap”，Nedergaard said.As the fluid passed through the spaces between brain cells，it washed away the litter.The tap slowed to a trickle(涓流) when mice woke up.
The scientists then looked closely at the brain cells.They found that the cells shrank during slumber(睡眠)—enough to open space through which the fluid can flow freely.When mice were awake，the cells swelled，lessening the fluid's flow.
The newfound house－cleaning activity occurs in a part of the brain that few people study，noted scientist Houzel.“That space between brain cells is usually disregarded.It's considered just space，”she said.
The new discovery also may help scientists solve an age－old mystery：Why do animals sleep？Every animal does it.Without it，they die，although no one knows why.Some studies suggest that the brain solidifies memories during sleep.However，Nedergaard notes，“You don't die from forgetting what you learned yesterday.”
1．According to the text，Maiken's discovery was________.
A．a real surprise B．a natural result
C．a big reward
D．a personal purpose
解析：选A。细节理解题。根据第四段中的“What the scientists hadn't expected...animals are awake.”可知，他们并没有想到会发现这个现象，因此这属于一个意外的发现，所以选A。
2．When we are awake，________.
A．brain cells take in more proteins
B．litter of proteins build up in our brains
C．fluids in the brain continue flowing
D．our brains have more fluids flow
解析：选B。细节理解题。根据第五段中的“The longer someone stays awake，the more litter builds up.”可知，当我们醒着的时候，大脑分泌出来很多垃圾并且在大脑中堆积。
3．From what Houzel said，we know the space between brain cells________.
A．is in fact a kind of space
B．has ever been carefully studied
C．used to be regarded as unimportant
D．is where litter is stored in the end
解析：选C。推理判断题。结合倒数第二段中的“That space between brain cells is usually disregarded.It's considered just space”可知，原先人们对大脑中细胞之间的空隙没有给予太多的重视，认为仅仅是空间，因此选C。
4．What Nedergaard said in the last paragraph suggests that________.
A．we can't remember what we learned yesterday
B．it is very easy for us to forget the past things
C．the loss of memories may cause a person to die
D．we may die from lack of sleep rather than memories
解析：选D。推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Why do animals sleep？Every animal does it.Without it，they die”以及“You don't die from forgetting what you learned yesterday.”可知，人会因为缺少睡眠而死，但不会因为失去记忆而死。故选D。
第二节 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。
When you ask someone what is the opposite of love，most people will say “hate”．Both of these words imply a deeply felt emotion ，so it makes sense that most people would believe this to be true.But it isn't true.1.____________
People who are in love experience strong emotions，e.g.，feeling as though you were walking on air，anxiously waiting for that valuable phone call or text message，caring about appearance and trying to look beautiful or handsome for that special someone，etc.2.____________Things that usually annoy you suddenly don't seem quite so annoying.There is a feeling of well－being and a lightness of heart that stay with you long after you see or talk to your loved one.
The feeling of hatred is equally intense but it's an emotion that is so corrosive that it can destroy your life.3.____________The difference is that when you love someone，your heart is open to loving more，tolerating more，and overlooking more of the flaws of others，but when you hate someone，everything inside you is so focused on evil that there is no room in your heart or in your thoughts for anything else.
When you are going through a miserable experience，you may hate the person who is responsible for doing this terrible thing to you.Once the incident is over and some time has passed，a person is usually able to release the passion that has been dominating his thoughts and emotions.4.____________
Most people can handle being the object of someone's hatred more easily than being ignored by that person.5.____________It often produces such anger and frustration and feelings of worthlessness that he becomes bitter and hateful.
A．You walk around smiling.
B．The opposite of love is indifference.
C．Loving and hating both take a lot of energy.
D．Try ignoring him to get his attention.
E．It takes a great deal of energy to love or to hate.
F．And eventually a feeling of indifference replaces the anger.
G．Indifference can produce turbulent emotions in the other person.
1．解析：选B。前面提到了what is the opposite of love和But it isn't true.与B项The opposite of love is indifference.无论是从信息核心词的一致性还是从意义上都是有关联的，因此选B。
2．解析：选A。这里是段落的中间设题，结合前面的句子，说明了当一个人处在爱情之中的时候，会体验一种强烈的感情，并且后面给出了几个例子，而A项微笑着到处走动，也正是其中的例子之一，指处于爱情之中的时候，人们显得意气风发，看一切都是美好的。
3．解析：选C。结合下文的The difference is that when you love someone和when you hate someone可知，谈的是爱一个人和恨一个人的区别，因此与C项Loving and hating both take a lot of energy.爱和恨都需要大量的精力相符合，故选C。
4．解析：选F。这里是一个段落结尾的设题，故应该是总结上面内容的选项，前面提到了“当你经历一个痛苦的事件的时候，你可能会恨那个造成你痛苦的人”。但是一旦事情结束，过了一段时间之后，我们会释放那种占据我们思想和感情的激情，从而与F项And eventually a feeling of indifference replaces the anger.最终我们的冷漠淡然代替了愤怒，因此F项符合题意。
5．解析：选D。这里是一个与上下文的信息词有关系的句子，结合前面的being ignored by that person，可知D项符合题意，故选D。
Ⅱ.完形填空
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项中选取最佳选项。
(2017·保山模拟)Mother used to ask me what the most important part of the body is.Through the years I would__1__a guess at what I thought was the correct__2__.When I was younger，I thought sound was very important to us humans，__3__I said，“My ears，Mommy.”She said，“No.Many people are__4__.”
Since making my first attempt，I had considered the correct answer carefully.So several__5__later，I told her，“Mommy，__6__is very important to everybody，so it must be our__7__”She looked at me and told me，“You are learning fast，but the answer is not correct because there are many people who are blind.”
Over the years，Mother asked me a couple more times and always her answer was__8__.Then last year，my grandpa died.Everybody was__9__.When it was our turn to say our final__10__to Grandpa，my Mom asked me，“Have you found the answer to my usual question—what is the most important body part__11__，my son？”
I was__12__when she asked me this now.I always thought this was a game between her and me.She saw the __13__on my face and told me，“This question is very important.It shows that you have really lived your life.For every body part you gave me__14__，I have told you were wrong and I have given you an example__15__.But today is the day you need to learn this important lesson.”She looked down at me as only a mother can.I saw her eyes well up with tears.She said，“Son，the most important body part is your__16__.”I asked，“Is it because it holds up my head？”
She replied，“No，it is because it can hold the head of a friend or a loved one when they cry.Everybody needs a shoulder to__17__on sometime in life，my son.I only hope that you have enough love and friends that you will always have a shoulder to cry on when you__18__it.”
Then and there I knew the most important body part is not a selfish one—it is sympathetic to the__19__of others.People will forget what you said.People will forget what you did.But people will__20__forget how you made them feel.
1．A.makeB．reply
C．thinkD．contribute
解析：选A。句意：这么多年来，我猜我当时想的是正确答案。make a guess at...“对……猜测”，是固定搭配，符合文意。故答案A符合文意。
2．A.guessB．answer
C．partD．choice
解析：选B。句意：这么多年来，我猜我所想的是正确答案(answer)。与第二段第一句“Since making my first attempt，I had considered the correct answer carefully.”相呼应，故答案B符合文意。
3．A.anyhowB．otherwise
C．thereforeD．however
解析：选C。句意：在我小的时候，我认为声音对我们人类很重要，因此(therefore)我说：“我的耳朵，妈妈。”空格前后是因果关系。故答案C符合文意。
4．A.deafB．blind
C．dumbD．disabled
解析：选A。句意：不，很多人是聋子(deaf)。与上文中的sound和ears相呼应，可推知答案A符合文意。
5．A.daysB．minutes
C．monthsD．years
解析：选D。根据第三段中的“Over the years...”和语境可知，答案D符合文意。
6．A.hearingB．touching
C．sightD．taste
解析：选C。句意：多年以后，我告诉妈妈说，“妈妈，视力(sight)对每个人都很重要。因此我们的眼睛应该是最重要的了。”与下文中的“there are many people who are blind”相呼应，故答案C符合文意。
7．A.eyesB．ears
C．handsD．legs
解析：选A。根据下文中的“there are many people who are blind”可推知，答案A符合文意。
8．A.rightB．wrong
C．the sameD．different
解析：选C。句意：多年来，妈妈又问过我几次，而她的回答总是一样的(the same)。根据第一次和第二次妈妈的否定回答，和本句中的“always”可知，答案C符合文意。
9．A.injuredB．hurt
C．woundedD．damaged
解析：选B。句意：去年，爷爷去世了，每个人都很伤心(hurt指心灵上的创伤)。故答案B符合文意。injure“在意外事故中受伤”；wound“一般指外伤”；damage“破坏”，均不符合语境，故排除。
10．A.sorryB．hello
C．goodbyeD．yes
解析：选C。句意：当轮到我们和爷爷最后告别(goodbye)的时候，妈妈问我：“你有没有找到我经常问你的那个问题的答案——什么是我们身体最重要的部分，我的孩子？”根据常识可知，爷爷去世了，应该是来和他告别的，故答案C符合文意。
11．A.alreadyB．still
C．thoughD．yet
解析：选D。句意：当轮到我们和爷爷最后告别的时候，妈妈问我，“你有没有想出我经常问你的那个问题的答案——什么是我们身体最重要的部分，我的孩子？”yet“已经”，常用于否定句或疑问句，表示到目前为止，符合文意。故答案D符合文意。already和still常用于肯定句；though“然而”，常用于句末，均不符合语境，故排除。
12．A.pleasedB．shocked
C．disappointedD．satisfied
解析：选B。句意：她这个时候问我这个问题让我很吃惊(shock)。由语境可知，母亲在作者向爷爷最后告别时提这个问题，作者感觉有些意外。故答案B符合文意。
13．A.confusionB．smile
C．questionD．excitement
解析：选A。句意：她看出了我脸上的困惑(confusion)，然后告诉我……。由语境和句意可知，作者对母亲在这个时候问这个问题感到吃惊和困惑，故答案A符合文意。
14．A.in the futureB．at present
C．in the pastD．for the moment
解析：选C。根据下文“But today”和上文语境可知，答案C符合文意。
15．A.howB．why
C．whatD．where
解析：选B。句意：对于过去你每次给出的答案，我都说你错了，而且我当时都给你举了例子说明为什么(why)。根据下文中的“Is it because it holds up my head？”可知，答案B符合文意。
16．A.backB．head
C．neckD．shoulder
解析：选D。句意：儿子，身体最重要的部分是你的肩膀(shoulder)。与下文中的“Everybody needs a shoulder to...”相呼应，故答案D符合文意。
17．A.cryB．rest
C．putD．carry
解析：选A。句意：在一生中，有时候每个人都会需要一个肩膀可以趴在上面哭泣。根据本段中多次出现的cry一词可推知，答案A符合文意。
18．A.acceptB．get
C．needD．have
解析：选C。句意：我只希望你有足够的爱和足够多的朋友，在你需要(need)的时候，可以有个肩膀让你哭泣。与上文中的“Everybody needs a shoulder to...”相呼应，故答案C符合文意。
19．A.embarrassmentB．pain
C．angerD．awareness
解析：选B。句意：就在那时，那个地方，我意识到身体最重要的部分不是一种自我的东西，而是一种对他人痛苦(pain)的同情。根据空格前的“sympathetic”和选项可知，答案B符合文意。
20．A.neverB．ever
C．completelyD．forever
解析：选A。句意：但是人们绝不会(never)忘记你给他们的安慰。根据此句中的“But”可知，此处与上文提到的两种情况形成对比。故答案A符合文意。
Ⅲ.语法填空
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(不多于1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
We are what we eat because what we eat every day has __1__great impact on our health.Therefore，we should make every effort to change our bad eating habits.__2__we all know，baked or fried foods may be __3__(taste)，but eating too much of them will __4__( probable) result in some illnesses.Moreover，some food that costs us a great deal of money and is not healthy is junk food.
__5__(compare)with people in the West，Chinese people used to eat more grain and vegetables，but __6__(little)meat，which is a good eating habit.However，things are quite different now.With the rapid economic __7__(grow)of our country，we now are eating a lot of food that is high in sugar and fat.We __8__running the risk of eating out without considering the balance of our diet.
The food we choose affects our health，so we must keep __9__mind that the food we choose should give __10__(we) the nutrients we need.
1．________2.________3.________4.________
5．________6.________7.________8.________
9．________10.________
1．解析：句意：……我们每天吃的东西对我们的健康有很大影响。根据句意可知，设空处后的impact(可数名词)在本句中表示泛指，故用不定冠词。
答案：a
2．解析：句意：我们都知道，熏烤、油炸食品可能很好吃……。本句考查非限制性定语从句。先行词为后面一句话，关系词在定语从句中作宾语且定语从句置于句首，故用as引导。
答案：As
3．解析：设空处需用形容词作表语，taste的形容词形式为tasty，意为：好吃的。
答案：tasty
4．解析：句意：……但吃得太多可能会导致一些疾病。设空处需用副词形式，probable的副词形式为probably。
答案：probably
5．解析：句意：与西方人相比，在过去中国人常常吃更多的谷物及蔬菜，但较少吃肉，这是一个好的饮食习惯。本句考查非谓语动词作状语。compared with为独立成分，意为：与……相比。
答案：Compared
6．解析：根据本句中的more grain可知本空需用比较级，故答案为less。
答案：less
7．解析：随着我国经济的迅速发展。设空处前为形容词，后为介词，故可判断设空处需用grow的名词形式，故答案为growth。
答案：growth
8．解析：根据上句(我们现在吃的很多食物中，糖和脂肪的含量太高)，可判断本句要表达的意思是：目前我们在不考虑均衡饮食的情况下冒险去外面吃饭。由此可见需用现在进行时。
答案：are
9．解析：本题考查动词短语。keep in mind that为固定短语，意为：记住。
答案：in
10．解析：give sb.sth.给某人某物。本空需作give的宾语，故用宾格。
答案：us
Ⅳ.微型写作
【写作素材】
1．一般说来，不同文化的人们有着不同的打招呼的方式。
2．有的拥抱，有的握手。
3．有时有可能引起误会。
4．当我们身处异国，我们要记得我们代表着自己的国家，不要给国家丢脸。
【连句成篇】 (将以上句子连成一篇50词左右的英语短文)
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答案：In general，people from different cultures have different ways to greet each other.Some hug and some shake hands.They are likely to have misunderstanding.So when abroad，we should know we are representing our country and try not to lose face.