题组层级快练(四十一)
Ⅰ.完形填空
Recognizing the difference between active and passive reading is important for readers of all ages.
Whether you read actively or passively ___1___ how deeply you engage with the ___2___ you are reading. The difference between passive reading and active reading is like the difference between hearing and listening. When it comes to hearing, you ___3___ receive sensory information. When you listen, you ___4___ what you hear, question it and form conclusions about it. When you read passively, you don’t ___5___ question or analyze the information. When you read actively, ___6___, you engage in a dialogue with the information ___7___ use it to gain a new understanding of the subject.
If you are studying for a test or preparing to write a paper, you would tend to read actively ___8___ you need to think about the material so you can understand it in a ___9___ way. However, if you are sitting in a waiting room and reading a magazine simply to ___10___ the time, you may not ___11___ much about the information in the next, and therefore read passively.
Active reading often involves ___12___. For example, if you are preparing for an exam you might use a high-lighter to ___13___ specific passages, or keep a pen with you while you read so you can make ___14___ about important information. Practices such as swimming and scanning are also active reading practice, and are ___15___ when you are trying to locate a specific bit of information in a text, or trying to understand the ___16___ idea of a passage in the least amount of time.
Finally, whether you read actively or passively will ___17___ in your comprehension level, and possibly ___18___ your enjoyment of reading. If you read passively, you will not be able to ___19___ your understanding of the subject as well as if you had read actively. Also, reading ___20___ can negatively affect your level of reading enjoyment.
1. A. puts away
B. depends on
C. looks into
D. belongs to
2. A. moment
B. reason
C. material
D. way
3. A. simply
B. hardly
C. quickly
D. frequently
4. A. ignore
B. analyze
C. forget
D. translate
5. A. easily
B. roughly
C. gently
D. really
6. A. therefore
B. otherwise
C. however
D. besides
7. A. but
B. and
C. or
D. as
8. A. because
B. until
C. unless
D. though
9. A. wrong
B. certain
C. deep
D. similar
10. A. cherish
B. save
C. make
D. pass
11. A. know
B. worry
C. care
D. learn
12. A. techniques
B. discussions
C. exams
D. reviews
13. A. mark
B. remember
C. cut
D. explain
14. A. jokes
B. notes
C. choices
D. comments
15. A. cheerful
B. tiring
C. helpful
D. surprising
16. A. creative
B. valuable
C. great
D. general
17. A. appear
B. reflect
C. stay
D. happen
18. A. increase
B. replace
C. judge
D. influence
19. A. develop
B. convey
C. share
D. stress
20. A. alone
B. actively
C. fluently
D. passively
答案与解析
【文章大意】
本文是说明文。文章介绍了主动阅读和被动阅读的区别。
1. 答案
B
2. 答案
C
解析
你是主动阅读还是被动阅读“取决于(depends on)”你是多么深入地投入到你正在阅读的“材料(material)”中。
3. 答案
A
解析
当你“听见”的时候，你“仅仅(simply)”接收到感觉信息。
4. 答案
B
解析
当你“倾听”的时候，你会“分析(analyze)”听到的内容，怀疑它并得出结论。
5. 答案
D
解析
被动阅读就像“听见”一样，你不会“真正地(really)”怀疑或分析信息。
6. 答案
C
解析
由上文可知，主动阅读和被动阅读的情况相反，故用副词however。
7. 答案
B
解析
“你和信息展开对话”和“用信息获得对该话题的新的理解”之间是递进关系，故用并列连词and。
8. 答案
A
解析
空格后与空格前的内容是因果关系，故用连词because。
9. 答案
C
解析
你需要考虑有关资料，以便能够深入地理解它。
10. 答案
D
解析
由上文的sitting in a waiting room and reading a magazine可知，此时的你只是为了打发时间。
11. 答案
C
解析
由下文的and therefore read passively可推断，你打发时间的时候可能不会很“在乎(care)”文中的信息。
12. 答案
A
解析
由下文的use a highlighter ... or keep a pen with you while you read及Practices such as skimming and scanning可推断，主动阅读通常涉及到一些“技巧(techniques)”。
13. 答案
A
解析
由上文的use a highlighter可知，此处是说“标出(mark)”特殊的段落。
14. 答案
B
解析
由上文的keep a pen with you while you read可知，此处是说你可以对重要的信息做一些“笔记(notes)”。
15. 答案
C
解析
略读和浏览的方法在你试图找到文中某一特定信息时是“有帮助的(helpful)”。
16. 答案
D
解析
略读和浏览的方法还有助于在最少的时间内理解一篇文章的“大概(general)”意思。
17. 答案
B
解析
由下文的If you read passively, you will not be able to ... your understanding of the subject as well as if you had read actively可推断，你是主动阅读还是被动阅读会在你的理解水平中“反映(reflect)”出来。
18. 答案
D
解析
阅读的方式会“影响(influence)”你的阅读乐趣。
19. 答案
A
解析
如果你被动阅读，你将不能像主动阅读那样“增进(develop)”对相关话题的理解。
20. 答案
D
解析
由上文可知，被动阅读影响对信息的理解，据此可推断，“被动”阅读会降低你的阅读乐趣。
Ⅱ.阅读理解
It was a cold winter day. A woman drove up to the Rainbow Bridge tollbooth (收费站). “I’m paying for myself, and for the six cars behind me,?she said with a smile, handing over seven tickets. One after another, the next six drivers arriving at the tollbooth ”were informed, “Some lady up ahead already paid your fare.”
It turned out that the woman, Natalie Smith, had read something on a friend’s refrigerator: “Practice random kindness and senseless acts of beauty.” The phrase impressed her so much that she copied it down.
Judy Foreman spotted the same phrase on a warehouse wall far away from home. When it stayed on her mind for days, she gave up and drove all the way back to copy it down. “I thought it was beautiful,” she said, explaining why she’d taken to writing it at the bottom of all her letters, “like a message from above.” Her husband, Frank, liked the phrase so much that he put it up on the classroom wall for his students, one of whom was the daughter of Alice Johnson, a local news reporter.Alice put it in the newspaper, admitting that though she liked it, she didn’t know where it came from or what it really meant.
Two days later, Alice got a call from Anne Herbert, a woman living in Marin. It was in a restaurant that Anne wrote the phrase down on a piece of paper, after turning it around in her mind for days.
?Here’s the idea,” Anne says. “Anything you think there should be more of, do it randomly.” Her fantasies include painting the classrooms of shabby schools, leaving hot meals on kitchen tables in the poor part of town, and giving money secretly to a proud old lady. Anne says, “Kindness can build on itself as much as violence can.”
The acts of random kindness spread. If you were one of those drivers who found your fare paid, who knows what you might have been inspired to do for someone else later. Like all great events, kindness begins slowly, with every single act. Let it be yours!
1. Why did Natalie Smith pay for the six cars behind her?
A. She knew the car drivers well.
B. She wanted to show kindness.
C. She hoped to please others.
D. She had seven tickets.
2. Judy Foreman copied down the phrase because she ________.
A. thought it was beautifully written
B. wanted to know what it really meant
C. decided to write it on a warehouse wall
D. wanted her husband to put it up in the classroom
3. Who came up with the phrase according to the passage?
A. Judy Foreman.
B. Natalie Smith.
C. Alice Johnson.
D. Anne Herbert.
4. Which of the following statements is closest in the meaning to the underlined sentence above?
A. Kindness and violence can change the world.
B. Kindness and violence can affect one’s behavior.
C. Kindness and violence can reproduce themselves.
D. Kindness and violence can shape one’s character.
5. What can we infer from the last paragraph?
A. People should practice random kindness to those in need.
B. People who receive kindness are likely to offer it to others.
C. People should practice random kindness to strangers they meet.
D. People who receive kindness are likely to pay it back to the giver.
答案与解析
【文章大意】
本文是夹叙夹议文，题材为生活哲理类。文章讲述一位妇女曾在朋友的冰箱上看到一句俗语，从而有感而发。她在收费站为素不相识的其他六名司机支付费用，这个故事告诉我们，勿以善小而不为。
1. 答案
B
解析
推理判断题。由文章第二段第一句It turned out that the woman, Natalie Smith, had read something on a friend’s refrigerator:“Practice random kindness and senseless acts of beauty.”可知，娜塔莉·史密斯为她后面的六辆车付费的原因就是她想行善。故选B项。
2. 答案
A
解析
细节理解题。从第三段第三句I thought it was beautiful, she said ...可知选A项。
3. 答案
D
解析
推理判断题。根据第四段第二句It was in a restaurant that Anne wrote the phrase down on a piece of paper ...可知，这一短语最先由安妮·赫伯特想出。故选D项。
4. 答案
C
解析
词义猜测题。画线句中的build on与C项中的reproduce对应，故本题选C项。
5. 答案
B
解析
推理判断题。根据最后一段第二句If you were one of those drivers who found your fare paid，who knows what you might have been inspired to do for someone else later. 可知，当你获得别人的帮助时，很有可能将这样的善举传递给其他人，故选B项。D项干扰性较强，pay it back to the giver与原文意思不符。
The behaviour of a building’s users may be at least as important as its design when it comes to energy use, according to new research from the UK Energy Research Centre (UKERC). The UK promises to reduce its carbon emissions(排放) by 80 percent by 2050, part of which will be achieved by all new homes being zero-carbon by 2016. But this report shows that sustainable building design on its own — though extremely important — is not enough to achieve such reductions: the behaviour of the people using the building has to change too.
The study suggests that the ways that people use and live in their homes have been largely ignored by existing efforts to improve energy efficiency(效率), which instead focus on architectural and technological developments.
‘Technology is going to assist but it is not going to do everything’, explains Katy Janda, a UKERC senior researcher，‘consumption patterns of building users can defeat the most careful design. In other words, old habits die hard, even in the best-designed eco-home.
Another part of the problem is information. Households and bill-payers don抰 have the knowledge they need to change their energy-use habits. Without specific information, it抯 hard to estimate the costs and benefits of making different choices. Feedback(t 反馈)facilities, like smart meters and energy monitors，could help bridge this information gap by helping people see how changing their behaviour directly affects their energy use; some studies have shown that households can achieve up to 15 percent energy savings using smart meters.
Social science research has added a further dimension(方面), suggesting that individuals’ behaviour in the home can be personal and cannot be predicted — whether people throw open their windows rather than turn down the thermostat(恒温器), for example.
Janda argues that education is the key. She calls for a focused programme to teach people about buildings and their own behaviour in them.
1. As to energy use, the new research from UKERC stresses the importance of _____.
A. zero-carbon homes
B. the behaviour of building users
C. sustainable building design
D. the reduction of carbon emissions
2. The underlined word “which” in Paragraph 2 refers to “________”.
A. the ways
B. their homes
C. developments
D. existing efforts
3. What are Katy Janda’s words mainly about?
A. The importance of changing building users’ habits.
B. The necessity of making a careful building design.
C. The variety of consumption patterns of building users.
D. The role of technology in improving energy efficiency.
4. The information gap in energy use ________.
A. can be bridged by feedback facilities
B. affects the study on energy monitors
C. brings about problems for smart meters
D. will be caused by building users’ old habits
5. What does the dimension added by social science research suggest?
A. The social science research is to be furthered.
B. The education programme is under discussion.
C. The behaviour of building users is unpredictable.
D. The behaviour preference of building users is similar.
答案与解析
【文章大意】
本文为说明文，题材为社会生活类。现在人们提倡减少碳排放，我们以节能为核心来关注楼房设计的同时，也不能忽视人们是如何使用楼房的。
1. 答案
B
解析
细节理解题。根据文章第一段第一句中The behaviour of a building’s users may be at least as important as its design when it comes to energy use和最后一句中the behaviour of the people using the building has to change too可知本题选择B项。
2. 答案
D
解析
词义猜测题。文章第二段中that people use and live in their homes为the ways的定语从句，to improve energy efficiency为existing efforts的定语，which instead focus on architectural and technological developments修饰的是existing efforts，故本题选择D项。
3. 答案
A
解析
推理判断题。文章第三段第一句中的consumption patterns(消费模式)指的就是人们的习惯，第二句中也提到old habits die hard，故本题选择A项。
4. 答案
A
解析
细节理解题。根据文章第四段Feedback ... could help bridge this information gap by helping people see how changing their behaviour ...可知本题选择A项。
5. 答案
C
解析
细节理解题。根据文章第五段第一句... suggesting that individuals’ behaviour in the home can be personal and cannot be predicted ...可知本题选择C项。
Ⅳ.短文改错
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处；每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加，删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(＼)划掉。
修改：在错的词下划—横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：
1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词。
2. 只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
I hardly remember my grandmother. She used to holding me on her knees and sing old songs. I was only four when she passes away. She is just a distant memory for me now. I remember my grandfather very much. He was tall, with broad shoulder and a beard that turned from black toward gray over the years. He had a deep voice, which set himself apart from others in our small town, he was strong and powerful. In a fact, he even scared my classmates away during they came over to play or do homework with me. However, he was the gentlest man I have never known.
答案与解析
I hardly remember my grandmother. She used to holding me on her knees and
hold
sing old songs. I was only four when she passes away. She is just a distant memory
passed
for me now. I remember my grandfather very
much
. He was tall, with broad
well/clearly
shoulder and a beard that turned from black toward gray over the years. He had a deep
shoulders
to/into
voice, which set himself apart from others in our small town, ∧ he was strong and
him
and
powerful. In a fact, he even scared my classmates away during they came over to play
when
or do homework with me. However, he was the gentlest man I have never known.
ever
第1处：holding改为hold。used to do sth. 意为“过去常常做某事”。
第2处：passes改为passed。本句叙述过去的事情，并且主句动词be为was，所以此处用动词的过去式。
第3处：much改为well/clearly。用副词well或clearly修饰动词remember，意为“清楚地记得”。
第4处：shoulder改为shoulders。用复数表示“双肩”。
第5处：toward改为to/into。turn from A to/into B意为“由A变为B”，为固定搭配。
第6处：himself改为him。set sb. apart from others意为“使某人与众不同”。
第7处：he前加and。前后两个句子为并列关系，且有逗号隔开，因此应用连词and。
第8处：去掉fact前的a。in fact意为“事实上”，为固定短语。
第9处：during改为when。during为介词，不能引导从句，此处表达“当……的时候”，所以用when。
第10处：never改为ever。根据语境，此处表示“我的爷爷是我曾经见过的最温和的人”，ever意为“曾经”，符合语境。