2016届高三英语一轮复习题组层级快练：（四十二）外研版选修8

　　题组层级快练(四十二)

　　Ⅰ.完形填空

　　In the 1960s, I went to Lamington High in Hubli, Karnataka.Among my many ___1___, one stands out because, like his very name, Raj-Bijli, my class teacher for two years was ___2___. He had retired from the army after being ___3___ during World War II. I can still picture this upright, well-built ___4___, always in an old but neat white shirt and trousers. He was bald, so the old bullet-scar on the left side of his ___5___ showed.

　　Unlike the other teachers who instilled(灌输) ___6___ in us by keeping their canes(棍棒) ___7___, he didn’t use terror, nor did he believe in all work and no play. ___8___ his weapon was great ___9___ for whatever he did. In class, he transformed into a skilled actor, his loud voice and gestures ___10___ our attention as he recited a poem or described a scene from history.

　　Best of all were the outings he ___11___ every other Sunday. “Come to my house early in the morning for a ___12___,” he said. And we just gathered there with our lunch boxes. He would guide about 40 of us to a new ___13___ spot every time. He made us sing, act, dance, and play. He told us of his ___14___ days, when soldiers even risked their lives to save others ___15___ they were from diverse backgrounds. With Raj Sir around, we all bonded well, too, and felt like a ___16___ family.

　　A few years after I graduated from college, I was told that Raj Sir had ___17___. I was very ___18___. It was hard to imagine that someone so lively was no more.

　　Mr. Raj-e-Bijli taught by example that it isn’t ___19___ to provide for oneself and one’s family, it’s ___20___ as important to help and nurture others.

　　1. A. friends

　　B. teachers

　　C. classmates

　　D. brothers

　　2. A. rich

　　B. confident

　　C. unusual

　　D. serious

　　3. A. wounded

　　B. served

　　C. cheated

　　D. reported

　　4. A. doctor

　　B. soldier

　　C. cook

　　D. actor

　　5. A. face

　　B. chest

　　C. back

　　D. head

　　6. A. shame

　　B. anger

　　C. fear

　　D. surprise

　　7. A. clean

　　B. handy

　　C. pretty

　　D. smooth

　　8. A. Instead

　　B. Besides

　　C. However

　　D. Therefore

　　9. A. sympathy

　　B. courage

　　C. enthusiasm

　　D. patience

　　10. A. transferring

　　B. requiring

　　C. avoiding

　　D. grabbing

　　11. A. attended

　　B. cancelled

　　C. organized

　　D. postponed

　　12. A. contest

　　B. picnic

　　C. lesson

　　D. party

　　13. A. risky

　　B. scenic

　　C. strange

　　D. noise

　　14. A. school

　　B. work

　　C. rest

　　D. army

　　15. A. even though

　　B. since

　　C. as though

　　D. unless

　　16. A. poor

　　B. close

　　C. royal

　　D. small

　　17. A. turned away

　　B. looked away

　　C. passed away

　　D. ran away

　　18. A. proud

　　B. sad

　　C. worried

　　D. tired

　　19. A. enough

　　B. wrong

　　C. easy

　　D. normal

　　20. A. even

　　B. still

　　C. never

　　D. just

　　答案与解析

　　【文章大意】

　　本文是记叙丈。作者回忆了学生时代一位特别的班主任老师。

　　1. 答案

　　B

　　解析

　　由下文的my class teacher可知，此处是说老师。

　　2. 答案

　　C

　　解析

　　由上文的stands out及下文对老师的介绍可知，该老师“与众不同(unusual)”。

　　3. 答案

　　A

　　解析

　　由下文的the old bullet-scar可知，老师在第二次世界大战中“受了伤(wounded)”。

　　4. 答案

　　B

　　解析

　　由上文的retired from the army可知，老师曾经是一位“军人(soldier)”。

　　5. 答案

　　D

　　解析

　　由上文的He was bald, so ...可推断，伤疤在老师的“头部(head)”。

　　6. 答案

　　C

　　解析

　　由下文的keeping their canes及he didn’t use terror可知，其他老师给学生灌输“恐惧(fear)”。

　　7. 答案

　　B

　　解析

　　由下文的he didn’t use terror 可推断，其他老师为了吓唬学生会把棍棒放在手边。故选handy。

　　8. 答案

　　A

　　解析

　　其他老师的武器是棍棒，而这位老师则用热情代替棍棒。故选A项。

　　9. 答案

　　C

　　解析

　　由下文的he transformed into a skilled actor可推断，老师对他所做的事情充满极大的“热情(enthusiasm)”。

　　10. 答案

　　D

　　解析

　　老师的声音和手势“吸引着(grabbing)”学生们的注意力。

　　11. 答案

　　C

　　解析

　　由下文的Come to my home early in the morning for ...可知，老师“组织了(organized)”短途旅行。

　　12. 答案

　　B

　　解析

　　由上文的the outings及下文的with our lunch boxes可推测，此处是说“野餐(picnic)”。

　　13. 答案

　　B

　　解析

　　由上文的the outings可推测，老师每次都带领学生们去一个新的景点。scenic spot“景点”。

　　14. 答案

　　D

　　解析

　　由下文的when soldiers even risked their lives ...可推断，老师给学生们讲述他在“军队(army)”的日子。

　　15. 答案

　　A

　　解析

　　“尽管(even though)”士兵们来自不同的背景，他们却冒着生命危险拯救他人。

　　16. 答案

　　B

　　解析

　　由上文的we all bonded well too可推断，学生们在老师的带领下感觉像是一个“亲密的(close)”大家庭。

　　17. 答案

　　C

　　解析

　　由下文的It was hard to imagine that someone so lively was no more可知，老师“去世了(passed away)”。

　　18. 答案

　　B

　　解析

　　得知老师去世的消息，作者感到非常“伤心(sad)”。

　　19. 答案

　　A

　　20. 答案

　　D

　　解析

　　由上文老师全身心投入教育事业可推断，此处是说老师以身作则地教育作者仅仅供养自己和家人还不“够(enough)”，帮助和培养他人“同样(just)”重要。

　　Ⅱ.阅读理解

　　As the railroads and the highways shaped the American West in the past centuries, a new electrical generating(发电) and transmission(输送) system for the 21st century will leave a lasting mark on the West, for better or worse. Much of the real significance of railroads and highways is not in their direct physical effect on the scenery, but in the ways that they affect the surrounding community. The same is true of big solar plants and the power lines that will be laid down to move electricity around.

　　The 19th century saw land grants(政府拨地)offered to railway companies to build the transcontinental railroads, leaving public land in between privately owned land. In much of the West, some of the railroad sections were developed while others remained undeveloped, and in both cases the landownership has presented unique challenges to land management. With the completion of the interstate highway system, many of the small towns, which sprang up as railway stops and developed well, have lost their lifeblood and died.

　　Big solar plants and their power lines will also have effects far beyond their direct footprint in the West. This is not an argument against building them. We need alternative energy badly, and to really take advantage of it, we need to be able to move electricity around far more readily than we can now.

　　So trade-offs will have to be made. Some scenic spots will be sacrificed. Some species will be forced to move, or will be carefully moved to special accommodations. Deals will be struck to reduce the immediate effects.

　　The lasting effects of these trade-offs are another matter. The 21st century development of the American West as an ideal place for alternative energy is going to throw off a lot of power and money in the region. There are chances for that power and money to do a lot of good. But it is just as likely that they will be spent wastefully and will leave new problems behind, just like the railroads and the highways.

　　The money set aside in negotiated trade-offs and the institutions that control it will shape the West far beyond the immediate footprint of power plants and transmission lines. So let’s remember the effects of the railroads and the highways as we construct these new power plants in the West.

　　1. What was the problem caused by the construction of the railways?

　　A. Small towns along the railways became abandoned.

　　B. Some railroad stops remained.

　　C. Land in the west was hard to manage.

　　D. Land grants went into private hands.

　　2. What is the major concern in the development of alternative energy according to the last two paragraphs?

　　A. The transmission of power.

　　B. The use of money and power.

　　C. The conservation of solar energy.

　　D. The selection of an ideal place.

　　3. What is the author’s attitude towards building solar plants?

　　A. Cautious.

　　B. Approving.

　　C. Doubtful.

　　D. Disapproving.

　　4. Which is the best title for the passage?

　　A. How the Railways Have Affected the West

　　B. How Solar Energy Could Reshape the West

　　C. How the Effects of Power Plants Can Be Reduced

　　D. How the Problems of the Highways Have Been Settled

　　答案与解析

　　【文章大意】

　　本文为议论文。过去几个世纪，美国西部建设的发电和输电系统以及铁路和公路都给当地带来了一些影响。同样，太阳能电厂以及输电网的建设也会使美国西部受到一定影响。

　　1. 答案

　　C

　　解析

　　细节理解题。从第二段In much of the West, ... and in both cases the landownership has presented unique challenges to land management.可以看出，在西部铁路的建设中，土地所有权对土地的管理者提出了独特的挑战，即铁路建设使西部的土地很难管理。

　　2. 答案

　　B

　　解析

　　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段可以看出，在西部发展替代能源需要投入大量人力、物力、财力，这些投入有可能带来诸多益处，但是也可能像铁路和公路的建设一样被浪费掉并留下新的问题。由此可推断出，在发展替代能源方面，主要关注所投入的资金和人力、物力的使用问题。

　　3. 答案

　　A

　　解析

　　观点态度题。从第三段可知，作者并不反对发展太阳能，但下文又提到，要注意采取措施减少一些负面影响，还要注意投入资源的使用情况，避免浪费……，根据这些内容可以看出作者对发展太阳能是持有“谨慎的(cautious)”态度。approving“同意的；支持的”；doubtful“怀疑的”；disapproving“反对的”。

　　4. 答案

　　B

　　解析

　　主旨大意题。概括全文可知，作者由西部铁路、公路、发电厂以及输电网络的建设引出本文的主要话题，即在西部发展太阳能同样会带来一系列问题。故答案为B项。A项内容文章虽有所提及，但不是本文的主要话题，可排除；C项和D项文章并未提及，可排除。

　　To err is human. To blame the other guy is even more human.

　　Common sense is not all that common.

　　Why tell the truth when you can come up with a good excuse?

　　These three popular misquotes(戏谑的引语)are meant to be jokes, and yet they tell us a lot about human nature. To err, or to make mistakes, is indeed a part of being human, but it seems that most people don’t want to accept the responsibility for the problem. Perhaps it is the natural thing to do. The original quote about human nature went like this: “To err is human, to forgive, divine(神圣的).” This saying mirrors an ideal: people should be forgiving of others?mistakes. Instead, we tend to do the opposite ?find P someone else to pass the blame on to. However, taking responsibility for something that went wrong is a mark of great maturity.

　　Common sense is what we call clear thought. Having common sense means having a good general plan that will make things work well, and it also means staying with the plan. Common sense tells you that you take an umbrella out into a rainstorm, but you leave the umbrella home when you hear a weather forecast for sunshine. Common sense does not seem to be common for large organizations, because there are so many things going on that one person cannot be in charge of everything. People say that in a large company, “the right hand does not know what the left hand is doing.”

　　And what is wrong with a society that thinks that making up a good excuse is like creating a work of art? One of the common problems with making excuses is that people, especially young people, get the idea that it’s okay not to be totally honest all the time. There is a corollary(直接推论)to that: if good excuse is “good” even if it isn’t honest, then where is the place of the truth?

　　1. According to the passage, which of following seems the most human?

　　A. To search for truth.

　　B. To achieve one’s ideal.

　　C. To make fun of others’ mistakes.

　　D. To criticize others for one’s own error.

　　2. According to the author, what is a sign of a man’s maturity?

　　A. Doing things in his own way.

　　B. Bearing responsibility for his mistakes.

　　C. Making as few mistakes as possible.

　　D. Thinking seriously about his wrongdoing.

　　3. Which of the following is NOT based on common sense?

　　A. A man tries to take charge of everything in a large company.

　　B. A student goes out with an umbrella in stormy weather.

　　C. A company’s next move follows a good plan.

　　D. A lawyer acts on fine judgments.

　　4. What is the author’s opinion about a good excuse?

　　A. Making a good excuse is sometimes a better policy.

　　B. Inventing a good excuse needs creative ideas.

　　C. A good excuse is as rewarding as honesty.

　　D. Bitter truth is better than a good excuse.

　　5. What would be the best title for this passage?

　　A. A Mirror of Human Nature

　　B. To Blame or to Forgive?

　　C. A Mark of Maturity

　　D. Truth or Excuse?

　　答案与解析

　　【文章大意】

　　本文是一篇议论文。作者从社会上的三个流行语入手，批判了当今社会的三种错误观点，提倡我们应该宽恕他人，勇于承担责任而不是推诿；熟知常识，按照规则做事，而不是违背常识；提倡诚实，而不是编造美丽的谎言。

　　1. 答案

　　D

　　解析

　　细节理解题。从文章的正文第一段第三句可以看出最符合当今人情世故的就是自己犯了错误还要指责别人。A项“寻求真理”；B项“实现自己的理想”； C项“嘲笑他人的错误”；D项“为自己的错而批评别人”。所以选D项。

　　2. 答案

　　B

　　解析

　　细节理解题。正文第一段最后一句可以看出为错误负责任是真正成熟的标志之一。

　　3. 答案

　　A

　　解析

　　细节理解题。正文第二段第四句，在大的集团内事务繁杂，不可能由一个人负责所有事务。本题要求选出错误选项，所以选A项。其他选项都符合常理。B项“学生在暴雨天外出时带伞”；C项“公司的下一步行动要遵从好的计划”；D项“律师要公正裁决”。

　　4. 答案

　　D

　　解析

　　观点态度题。根据文章最后一段最后一句，从反问句“如果借口好就可以不诚实，那么真理何在?”来看，作者对好借口的态度应为“不快的事实总比好借口强”，所以选D项。

　　5. 答案

　　A

　　解析

　　主旨大意题。本题要选出最佳标题，应从文章的主旨大意出发，升华一个最佳标题。A项“人性的镜子”；B项“责备或原谅”；C项“成熟的标志”；D项“借口或真相”。B，C，D都是文章的一个方面，标题不能以偏概全，因此选A项。

　　Ⅳ.短文改错

　　假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处；每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加，删除或修改。

　　增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。

　　删除：把多余的词用斜线(＼)划掉。

　　修改：在错的词下划—横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

　　注意：

　　1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词。

　　2. 只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。

　　Recently I have been quarrelling about my mother over whether I can watch TV after the school. She holds the view that Senior Three students have to make fully use of every minute to work hard at their lesson. It seems to her that I am allowed to watch TV, I won’t be able to control me and I’ll forget all about my studies. She also thinks that it is bad to my eyes. But I really can’t accept her ideas. In my opinion, watch TV can set my mind at rest after a day’s hard work. Besides, it is important for me to know what had happened both at home and abroad. However, I shouldn’t be forbidden to watch TV.

　　答案与解析

　　Recently I have been quarrelling about my mother over whether I can watch TV

　　with

　　after the school. She holds the view that Senior Three students have to make fully

　　full

　　use of every minute to work hard at their lesson. It seems to her that ∧ I am allowed

　　lessons

　　if/once

　　to watch TV, I won’t be able to control

　　me

　　and I’ll forget all about my studies.

　　myself

　　She also thinks that it is bad to my eyes. But I really can’t accept her ideas. In my

　　for

　　opinion,

　　watch

　　TV can set my mind at rest after a day’s hard work. Besides, it is

　　watching

　　important for me to know what had happened both at home and abroad. However, I

　　has

　　Therefore

　　shouldn’t be forbidden to watch TV.

　　第1处：about改为with。考查固定搭配中介词的用法。quarrel with sb. 意为“同……争吵”。

　　第2处：去掉school前的the。考查固定搭配中零冠词的用法。after school意为“放学后”。

　　第3处：fully改为full。考查固定短语的用法。make full use of意为“充分利用”。

　　第4处：lesson改为lessons。考查名词的数。根据句意和名词的意思可知此处的可数名词lesson应该用复数形式。

　　第5处：在that后加if或once。考查从属连词的用法。根据句子结构和逻辑关系可知，此处用if或once引导条件状语从句。

　　第6处：me改为myself。考查代词的用法。根据句意应该用反身代词作宾语。

　　第7处：to改为for。考查固定搭配中介词的用法。be bad for意为“对……有害”。

　　第8处：watch改为watching。考查非谓语动词的用法。用动词-ing形式作主语，表示习惯性的动作。

　　第9处：had改为has。考查动词的时态。从上下文语境可知，此处应该用现在完成时，且因为主语是疑问代词what，因此将had改为has。

　　第10处：However改为Therefore。考查副词的用法。从上下文语境可知，此处与主句之间应该是因果关系而非转折关系。