4．My teacher said to me，“Don’t laugh.” →My teacher warned me not to laugh． 5．“Why don’t you take a walk after supper？” he asked. →He advised me to take a walk after supper．
[学以致用] Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．Having seen the Xray，the doctor decided to operate on the patient. 2．No one knows when such a custom first came into existence(exist)． 3．Without any hesitation(hesitate)，Meng Xiangbin jumped into the river to save the drowning young woman. 4．In order not to be deserted by the society，no matter who we are，we must respond to the call of the times. Ⅱ.多维演练 1．decrease (1)介词填空 ①The traffic accidents in the city decreased by 20% last month. ②The members of the association have decreased to three hundred. ③The species of plants is decreasing in number every year. ④A few years ago it was an endangered species，but now the population is on the increase. (2)根据汉语提示完成小片段 This year，our government has regulated and controlled the house price.As a result，the number of people who buy houses is ①on the decrease．Thus the average price of houses has ②decreased by more than 10%. 今年，政府对房价进行了调控，购房的人数也在下降。因此，今年的平均房价下降了10%以上。 2．reward (1)选词填空(reward/award) ①Mo Yan was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature for writing.In his spare time，he is always ready to help young writers.How can we reward his kindness? ②Li Ping was rewarded for saving a boy and she was awarded a medal at the conference. (2)完成句子 ①The Olympic winner received a gold medal as a reward． 奥运会获胜者收到一枚金牌作为奖励。 ②She rewarded the boy with 10 dollars for his grade. 她因那个男孩成绩好而奖励他10美元。 ③To my surprise，she got nothing in reward for her kindness. 令我吃惊的是她的好心没有得到一点报偿。 ④He always believed that the company would reward him for his efforts． 他总是认为公司会因为他的努力工作而奖赏他。 (3)根据汉语提示完成小片段 The government ①awarded the Beautiful Teacher ②to Zhang Lili for her selfless love to her students while Wu Juping ③was awarded with the Beautiful Mum as a ④reward for saving a baby. 因其对学生无私的爱，作为奖励，政府授予张丽莉“最美教师”的称号；而吴菊萍因拯救幼童则被授予“最美妈妈”的称号。
3．charge (1)句型转换 Who took charge of Apple Inc.after Jobs passed away？①Who was in charge of Apple Inc.after Jobs passed away? ②Who was Apple Inc.in the charge of after Jobs passed away? (2)完成句子 ①How much do you charge for mending a pair of shoes? 补一双鞋要多少钱？ ②It is reported that the official was charged with committing four crimes. 据报道那位官员被指控了四宗罪。 ③He will take charge of the company instead of Mr.Wang. 他将代替王先生负责公司。 ④No one is in charge of your happiness but you. 除了你，没有人可以为你的幸福负责。 ⑤We can deliver goods to your door free of charge． 我们可以免费送货上门。 (3)一句多译 民众指控总统及其家人大范围受贿。 ①The public accuse the president and his family of widespread corruption. ②The public charge the president and his family with widespread corruption.
4．commit(完成句子) ①She didn’t want to commit herself to that matter. 她不愿对那件事做任何承诺。 ②If you are serious about our relationship，you should make a commitment． 如果你对我们的关系很认真，你就应该给个承诺。 ③The local government has committed large amounts of money to housing projects. 当地政府已在住宅项目上投入了大量资金。
5．consult (1)介词填空 ①She consulted a lawyer about her divorce. ②He consulted with his business partner about the matter. ③Kevin consulted his teacher about whether he should study abroad after graduation. ④On the subject of funds，you may consult with Mr.White. (2)一句多译 当遇到生词时，我们不应该立即查词典。 ①When meeting with new words，we should not immediately consult the dictionary. ②When meeting with new words，we should not immediately refer to the dictionary. ③When meeting with new words，we should not immediately look them up in the dictionary.
1．make up占，形成，构成；弥补；和解；编造，整理；化妆；和好 [经典例句] He made up some excuse about his daughter being sick.(牛津P1056) 他编了个借口，说他的女儿病倒了。 [一词多义] 写出下列句中make up的含义 ①I tried to make up for my loss.弥补 ②The boy made up a story；it is not true.编造 ③Leave this notice hanging on your door，asking the servant to make up your room.整理 ④I don’t like to see women making up in public.化妆 ⑤Farm workers make up only a small section of the population.占 ⑥They quarreled the other day but they made up soon.和好 【联想归纳】 make短语还有哪些？请写出。 ①make up for 弥补，补偿 ②make up one’s mind
下定决心 ③make out
理解；假装；辨认出 ④make for
移向；走向；促成，有利于 ⑤be made up of
由……组成 2．pay off得到好结果，取得成功；还清 [教材原句] This paid off because she won an award for the report. 这些努力得到了回报，因为她那篇报道获了奖。 pay back 偿还；报复 pay for
付……的钱，遭受惩罚 pay up
(把应付的钱)付清 ①Unless you pay up，they’ll cut off your gas supply. 你要再不支付拖欠的煤气费，他们就要停止你的煤气供应。 ②They had to pay back the money they had borrowed. 他们不得不偿还他们所借的钱。 [链接高考] (2017·新课标Ⅰ改编)Finally，that hard work paid off(得到了回报)and now the water in the river is cleaner than ever. 3．in case以防万一；万一 [教材原句] Work with more than one program in case you have to use them at work，and try to read about new technology. 学习几种软件以备工作之需，并要努力了解最新的技术。 in case... 假如，以防…… in case of＋n.
假如，在……情况下 in that case
那样的话 in any case
无论如何，不管怎样 in no case
决不，在任何情况下都不(位于句首时用部分倒装) ①Many people are at a loss as to what to do in case of a real fire. 一旦真的发生火灾，许多人就不知所措，不知道该干什么好了。 ②He is said to be not at home.In that case，we shall not go there. 听说他不在家，那么我们不去了。 ③In no case shall we allow smoking in the classroom. 教室里我们绝对不允许吸烟。 【名师指津】 in case后跟状语从句，并且从句用一般现在时表示将来，有时可用“should＋动词原形”。而in case of后跟名词，不跟从句。 [链接高考] (2017·四川高考改编)I’ll be out for some time.In case anything important happens，call me up immediately. [学以致用] Ⅰ.完成句子 1．Take a hat with you in case the sun is very hot． 倘若太阳很厉害，你就把帽子戴上。 2．Please speak up；we can’t hear you at the back. 请大点儿声说， 我们在后面听不见。 3．The patient will soon be able to sit up and read． 病人不久就能坐起来读书了。 4．Write the telephone number down in case you forget． 把电话号码写下来以免你忘了。 5．My hard work paid off and I got the position. 我努力工作终于得到报偿了，我得到了这个职位。 6．We must hurry to make up for the lost time. 我们要赶快，以弥补失去的时间。 7．We are not fool enough to believe in such a thing． 我们还没有傻到会相信这种事情的地步。 8．Frankly speaking，it is difficult for me to make out what he is saying． 坦率地说，对于我理解他正在说的事情是很困难的。 Ⅱ.多维演练 1．make短语 (1)介、副词填空 ①The idea puzzled me so much that I stopped for a few seconds to try to make it out． ②After you make a mistake，you shouldn’t make up excuses. ③Hard work can make up for a lack of intelligence. (2)句型转换 Eleven players make up the football team. ①The football team is made up of eleven players. ②The football team is composed of eleven players. ③The football team consists of eleven players. 2．pay短语 (1)介、副词填空 ①You’ll have to pay off your old loan before being allowed a new one. ②You’ll have to pay for your selfishness some day. ③You must pay up what you owe me. ④In our childhood，we were often reminded by our mother to pay attention to our table manners. ⑤They informed us of paying back the money we borrowed last year. (2)句型转换 This Sunday we will visit Wang Peng.He is one of our old classmates. →This Sunday we will pay a visit to Wang Peng，one of our old classmates. 3．case短语 (1)单句改错 ①In no case we will give up our plan.we will→will we ②In case he will arrive before I get back，please call me.will arrive→arrives (2)一句多译 你最好带上雨伞，以防下雨。 ①You’d better take an umbrella with you in case it rains. ②You’d better take an umbrella with you in case of rain.
Between now and the 21st century，citizens of the world’s richest and most advanced nations will find it more and more difficult to keep up with the demand for change． 从现在开始到21世纪，这个世界上最富有和最先进的国家的公民会感到越来越难以跟上变化的需要。 (1)句中使用了“find＋it＋adj.＋to do sth.”结构。其中it作形式宾语，真正的宾语是不定式短语“to keep up with the demand for change”，形容词difficult作宾语补足语。 ①In fact，I still find it hard to make good friends with her. 事实上，我发现还是很难跟她成为好朋友。 (2)能用it作形式宾语的常见动词有：think，make，find，consider，feel，suppose等。 ②I don’t feel it difficult to understand the Special English. 我觉得理解英语特别节目并不难。 ③He makes it a rule never to borrow money. 他立志决不向别人借钱。 (3)it作形式宾语时，可以代替三种形式：不定式、动名词和宾语从句。 ④George made it clear what he wanted. 乔治说得很明白他要什么。 [链接高考] (2017·四川高考改编)New technologies have made it possible to turn out new products faster and at a lower cost. [学以致用] Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．No matter how late she comes home，she makes it a routine to walk her dog for about an hour. 2．—Did you remember to give Mary the money you owed her? —Yes，I gave it to her the moment I saw her. Ⅱ.句型转换 1．Whatever you may say，I have no concern with that. →No matter what you may say，I have no concern with that. 2．I’ll tell you all about it as soon as he returns. →I’ll tell you all about it the instant he returns.
把直接引语变为间接引语 1．“Light travels faster than sound，” the physics teacher said to the boys and girls. →The physics teacher told the boys and girls that light travels faster than sound． 2．He asked me，“Do you like playing football？” →He asked me if/whether I liked playing football． 3．My sister asked me，“How do you like the film？” →My sister asked me how I liked the film． 10．keep up with
跟上，赶上 11．in case
万一，以防万一 12．due to
由于 13．in addition
此外 14．turn up
出现，到达 15．above all
首先，最重要的是 16．leave behind
留下来，将……落在后面 Ⅲ.经典原句默写 1．People will move around to do different jobs，rather than moving up in the company as before. 人们不会像以前那样在同一个公司寻求提升，他们会多方去寻找不同的工作。 2．The instant she stopped asking questions，I got up and went out of the room. 她一停止问问题，我就站起来，走出了房间。 3．It’s not about making men more like women，but helping men to communicate as well. 其目的不是使男性更像女性，而是帮助他们形成和女性一样良好的沟通技巧。 4．Our reporter interviews some of our classmates and asks about the jobs they would like to do． 我们的记者采访了一些同学，问他们想做什么工作。 5．Make out you understand something when you don’t! 假装你懂得某事，而实际你并不懂！ 6．It was my mother who taught me to be curious. 是母亲教我对事物充满好奇心。
1．reward n．奖赏，回报vt.奖赏；给以报酬 [高考佳句] The police will reward whoever has provided useful information to catch the robber.(2017·湖北高考完成句子) 任何人提供有用信息帮助抓住劫匪，警方将予以奖励。 ①If you’re not willing to put in the time and work，don’t expect to receive any rewards.(2017·广东高考阅读B) 如果你不愿意付出时间和工作，就不要期望收获任何回报。 (1)give sb.a reward for(doing)sth.
因(做)……而得到奖赏 deserve a reward for(doing)．..
因(做)……理应受到奖励 as a reward for(doing)．..
作为对(做)……的报答/奖赏 in reward
作为报酬，作为回报 (2)reward sb.with sth.for(doing)sth.
因(做)某事用某物奖励某人 ②They rewarded the winners with gifts of fruits and flowers. 他们奖给优胜者一些水果和鲜花。
③It’s generally believed that you deserve a reward for being so helpful. 你帮了这么大的忙，理应受到奖励。
[辨析比较] reward，award 试一试 选择以上单词填空 ④After many years of hard work，he won the award in the end. ⑤The fireman received a reward for saving the child’s life. 辨一辨 名词 动词 reward 报酬、奖金或一些非金钱类的报酬 多指因对方的工作、服务、帮助而给予的报酬或奖赏，常用搭配：reward sb.for(doing)sth. award 奖品，奖金，与prize用法相似 意为“授予，颁发”，常用搭配：award sb.sth.＝award sth.to sb.
2.charge vt.收费；要价；指控n.负责；费用 [教材原句] Lawyers charge higher fees than doctors. 律师收取比医生更高的服务费。 ①As long as you’ve paid in advance we won’t charge you for delivery. 只要你预先付款，我们就不收你送货费。
(1)charge...for...因……收费…… charge sb.with...
指控某人犯……罪 (2)take charge of
掌管，控制 take charge(of)
负责 in the charge of
由……负责 in charge of
负责 free of charge
免费
②It’s what this place offers，and it’s free of charge．(2017·湖北高考阅读D) 这是这片土地所赋予的，而且是免费的。 ③He took charge of the farm after his father’s death. 他在父亲去世后掌管了农场。 ④The traffic policeman charged the driver with speeding. 交警指控那个司机超速驾驶。 【熟词生义】 选择句中charge的含义 ⑤The shaver can be charged and used while travelling. A．收费B．指控 C．充电 答案 C 3．consult vt.请教，查阅 [教材原句] He should consult Mr.Jensen about the new account on the 24th. 他应该向延森先生咨询24号的最新报道。 ①If you wish good advice，consult an old man. (谚)如要忠告向老人请教。 consult sb.about sth.向某人咨询某事 consult with sb.
与某人商量某事 consult a dictionary
查字典 ②We will consult together with advisors about her education. 我们将一起和专家商议她的教育事宜。 ③When in doubt about the meaning of a word，consult a dictionary. 当拿不准词义时，查查词典。 ④Before we can accept the firm’s offer we must consult with the workers． 我们与工人们商量后才能接受公司的条件。 【联想归纳】 “查字典”的表达法还有哪些？请补全。 ①consult a dictionary ②refer to a dictionary ③look up a word in a dictionary
4．commit vt.投入；使承诺；做不好的事 [教材原句] I discovered then that as long as I am committed and never give up I will be able to produce high quality reports. 那时我发现，只要我坚持不懈，决不放弃，就能写出高质量的报道。 ①He that commits a fault thinks everyone speaks of it. (谚)做贼心虚。 (1)commit sb.to(doing)sth.使某人承诺(做)某事 commit oneself to(doing)sth.
答应(做)某事 commit suicide/a crime/murder
自杀/犯罪/谋杀 commit sth.to sth.
调拨，投入 (2)committed adj.
忠诚的；尽职的 commitment n.
承诺，保证，承担义务 ②He was committed to the care of an aunt when his parents died last year. 去年他父母死后他被托付给一个姨妈照
③They called on Western nations to commit more money to the poorest nations. 他们呼吁西方国家向极度贫困国家投入更多的钱。 ④I felt I did not have to make such a commitment to them. 我觉得我没有必要对他们作出那样的承诺。 [链接高考] (2011·湖北高考改编)Giving up my job to go back to fulltime education was a big commitment(commit)，but now I know it was the best decision I ever made. 5．hesitate v．犹豫，踌躇，不愿意，有顾虑 [高考佳句] Hearing this，the mother hesitated for a while.(2017·广东高考阅读A) 听到这，这位母亲犹豫了一会儿。 hesitate to do sth.不愿意做某事，对做某事有顾虑 hesitate about(doing)sth.对(做)某事犹豫不决 have no hesitation in doing sth.
毫不犹豫做某事 without hesitation
毫不犹豫地 ①I hesitate about taking his side until I know the whole story. 我在知道这事以前犹豫是否支持他。 ②In case you need something，please don’t hesitate to let me know． 如果你需要什么东西，请不客气地对我说。 ③We have no hesitation in accepting your most generous offer. 我们十分乐意接受你最慷慨的捐赠。 6．decrease v．& n．减少，降低 [教材原句] Jobs in farming，coal mining and heavy industry are decreasing rapidly. 农业、煤矿业和重工业的职位迅速减少。 ①There has been a steady decrease in population in this city. 这个城市的人口在持续下降。 (1)decrease to/by... 减少到/减少了…… decrease from...to...
从……减少/降低到…… (2)on the decrease
正在减少 on the increase
正在增加 ②In our school the number of students who are addicted to computer games is on the decrease. 在我们学校迷恋网络的学生数目正在下降。 ③The number of teaching staff members in this school has decreased to 700 persons. 这个学校的教职工人数已减少到700人。 【联想归纳】 ①decrease to．..表示“降到……”；②decrease by．..表示“降了多大幅度”。有类似用法的动词还有：increase，reduce，decline，drop等。 7．operate vi.运转；运作；做手术，起作用 vt.操作；经营 [教材原句] Similarly，companies will operate in different ways. 类似地，公司也会以多种形式运营。 ①It’s too difficult for him to operate this new sophisticated machine. 对他来说，操作这台复杂的机器太难了。 [一词多义] 写出下列句中operate的含义 ②The doctor decided to operate at once.动手术 ③The medicine will operate in ten minutes.起作用 ④You operate the mechanism by winding this handle.操作 ⑤They operate three factories and a huge warehouse.经营 (1)operate on sb./sth.
给某人/物动手术 (2)operation n.
运作；经营；手术 bring...into operation
使生效，实施 sth.come(s)/go(es)into operation实施，生效 in operation
在运行中，在生效中 ⑥The new law will come into operation by midnight tomorrow. 新法律于明日午夜生效。 ⑦We must bring the plan into operation as soon as possible. 我们必须尽快实施计划。 形象记忆
[链接高考] (2017·辽宁高考改编)This machine is very easy to operate(operate)．Anybody can learn to use it in a few minutes. 8．respond vi.反应；回复，回答 [高考佳句] Receiving a text does not mean you need to respond to it.(2017·辽宁高考阅读B) 收到短信并不必然意味着你需要回复。 (1)respond to 回答……，对……作出反应 respond that
回答说 (2)response n.
回答；反应；响应 make no response to...
对……没有给予回答 in response to
作为对……的反应 ①The body often responds to stress by becoming ill. 人体对紧张情绪作出的反应经常是生病。 ②The iPhone 5 was developed in response to customers’ demands. 为了满足顾客的需要，开发了苹果手机第五代。
[间考词汇] 1．quarrel vi.& n．
争吵；吵架 have a quarrel with sb. 和某人争吵 quarrel with sb.about/over sth.
就……和某人争吵 He had a quarrel with his girlfriend yesterday. 昨天他跟他的女朋友争吵了一番。 2．appointment n．约见，约会 make an appointment with sb.与某人约会 have an appointment with sb.
和某人有约 I’d love to go there with you，but I have an appointment with my lawyer. 我很想和你一起去那里，但我要约见我的律师。 3．existence n．存在；生活
Do you know when this kind of robot came into existence? 你知道这种机器人是什么时候出现的吗？ 4．envy n．& vt.嫉妒，羡慕 out of envy 出于嫉妒 feel envy at
对……感到妒忌 She only said such unkind thing about you out of envy just now. 她刚才纯粹出于忌妒才说你这些坏话。 5．panic v．& n．恐慌；惊慌 in a panic 处于恐慌中 panic over sth.
对……感到惊慌失措 The enemy in a panic fled in all directions. 恐慌的敌人向四面逃去。 [链接高考] (2011·湖北高考改编)“Tommy，run！Be quick！The house is on fire！” the mother shouted，with panic clearly in her voice. 话题五 语言学习 话题词汇 1．vocabulary n．词汇 2．phrase
n．短语 3．burden
n．负担 4．habit
n．习惯 5．pronunciation
n．发音 6．communication
n．沟通 7．express
v．表达 8．master
v．掌握 9．translate
v． 翻译 10．fluent
adj.
流利的 11．keep a diary
记日记 12．turn to sb.(for help)
求助于某人 13．develop one’s interest
培养兴趣 14．have a good knowledge of
通晓 15．attach importance to
重视
满分佳作 某中学生英文报近期开辟专栏，讨论学习习惯问题。请你结合自身学习实际，按以下提示，用英文为该专栏写一篇稿件。 1．说明学习习惯与学习效果之间的关系；2.介绍一种好的学习习惯并提出养成该习惯的建议；3.描述自己在学习习惯方面存在的某个问题并给出改进措施。 注意：1.词数120左右，开头语已为你写好；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3.文中不得透露个人姓名和学校名称。 It’s useful and necessary to discuss learning habits.
【范文赏析】 It’s useful and necessary to discuss learning habits.As we all know，the better your learning habits are，①the more efficient your study will be and the better scores you will get(the more...the more结构)．We all should form good habits of studying as a woodcutter needs an ax first. As for myself，I have a habit of previewing what we will learn the next day(what引导的宾语从句)．While doing so，I can find some questions and puzzles.I collect these questions and look them up ahead of time.In this way I can concentrate my attention on what my teachers explain in class(what引导的宾语从句)．If you would like to follow me，please prepare a notebook to write down your questions at any time.
Sometimes I may be absentminded in class.②My teacher says sometimes I am too proud，which makes me overestimate myself(非限制性定语从句)．I think he is right.I will be modest and more careful in the future. A．完成句子 (1)通晓第二外语很重要。 It’s important to have a good knowledge of a second foreign language. (2)我们必须重视与别人的正确沟通。 We must attach importance to the correct communication with others.
B.句式仿写 (1)你越认真，你犯的错就会越少。 The more careful you are，the fewer mistakes you will make. (2)这个小男孩总是玩火，这令他的父母很着急。 The little boy is always playing with fire，which makes his parents worried． Ⅰ.重点单词识记 1．
/rI'wɔːd/n.& vt.奖赏 2．
/tʃɑ ː dʒ/vt.收费，要价；控告；n.负责；收费；控告；主管 3．
/'sʌməri/n.摘要，总结 4．
/kən'sʌlt/vt.请教；查阅 5．
/'kæʒuəl/adj.随意的，非正式的 6．
/'kwɒrəl/vi.& n．争吵，吵架 7．
/ə'pɔIntmənt/n.约见，约会 8．
/'Instənt/n.片刻，瞬息 reward charge summary consult casual quarrel appointment instant 9．
/'beIsIs/n.基础，根据 10．
/sə'raʊndIŋ/adj.附近的，周围的 11．
/'wIzdəm/n.智慧 12．
/'dʒu ː niə/adj.低级的 13．
/ əʊvə'kʌm/vt.战胜，克服 14．
/ɡrɑ ː sp/vt.理解；领会；抓牢，抓紧 15．
/In'spekt/v.审查 16．
/dI'kri ː s/v.减少，降低 17．
/'ɒpəreIt/vi.运转，运作；vt.操作 18．
/'fleksIbəl/adj.灵活的，柔韧的 19．
/'envi/vt.羡慕，妒忌 basis surrounding wisdom junior overcome grasp inspect decrease operate flexible envy 20．
/'bɒðə/vt.烦扰；打扰 21．
/'pænIk/v.恐慌，惊惶 22．
/kə'mIt/v.投入→
n．承诺，保证 23．
/‘ɡlɔ ː ri/n.荣耀的事， 值得骄傲的事→
adj.光荣的 24．
/'kɒnstəntli/adv.不断地→
adj.不断的，连续的 25．
/'hezIteIt/v.犹豫，踌躇→
n．犹豫 26．
/'dʒʌdʒmənt/n.判断，判断力→
v．判断；n.法官；裁判 bother panic commit commitment glory glorious constantly constant hesitate hesitation judgement judge 27．
/rI‘spɒnd/vi.反应；回复， 回答→
n．回复，回答 28．
/‘kʌmfət/n.舒适， 安逸→
adj.舒适的 respond response comfort comfortable Ⅱ.重点短语识记 1．Due to(由于)a weak heart，Nadine Gordimer attended school and university briefly.(2017·重庆高考阅读B) 2．In case(万一)you don’t know，poke greens are a weedtype plant that grows wild，especially on poor ground.(2017·湖南高考阅读B) 3．In addition to(除了)reading for knowledge，we read for fun and inspiration.(2017·浙江高考书面表达) 4．In order to keep up with(跟上)the times，I study hard every day. 5．You never know where happiness will turn up(出现)next. 6．He devoted most of his time to his research，believing his hard work would pay off(得到回报)sooner or later. 7．It was in the lab which was taken charge of(负责)by Tom that they did the experiment. 8．Never stand up in a canoe；it will get off balance and turn over(翻掉)． 【短语归纳】 1．take charge of掌管，控制 2．make up
编造；组成 3．make out
辨别出；理解；假装 4．go into detail(s)
讨论，细谈 5．speak up
大声地说 6．sit up
坐直；熬夜 7．believe in
信任，信仰 8．turn over
反转 9．pay off
得到好结果；取得成功