5.早睡早起是个好习惯。(主语+系动词+表语,动名词作主语) __________________________is a good habit. 答案 Going to bed early and getting up early 6.最近10年我的家乡发生了巨大变化。(主语+谓语) __________________________in my hometown in the past ten years. 答案 Great changes have taken place 7.你会发现英语是通往如此丰富知识的桥梁。(主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语) You will find____________________to so much knowledge. 答案 English a bridge 8.我真的很感谢你过来帮我补习数学。(主语+谓语+宾语,动名词复合结构作宾语) I really____________________to help me with my math. 答案 appreciate your coming over Ⅲ. (Ⅰ)用简单句翻译下列各句,并标出所属的基本句式 1.这是我的妈妈。 ________________________________________________________________________ 2.她是一个普通的家庭妇女。 ________________________________________________________________________ 3.刚才她坐在这里。 ________________________________________________________________________ 4.她在看电视。 ________________________________________________________________________ 5.我感到意外。 ________________________________________________________________________ 6.她在哭泣(weep)。 ________________________________________________________________________ 7.什么事可使她高兴? ________________________________________________________________________ 8.我给她讲了一个滑稽可笑的故事。 ________________________________________________________________________ 9.她情不自禁地笑了起来。 ________________________________________________________________________ (Ⅱ)添加细节和关联词用5个简单句合并短文 ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 答案 (Ⅰ)1.This is my mother.(主语+系动词+表语) 2.She is an ordinary housewife.(主语+系动词+表语) 3.Just now she was sitting here.(主语+谓语) 4.She is watching TV.(主语+谓语+宾语) 5.I felt surprised.(主语+系动词+表语) 6.She was weeping.(主语+谓语) 7.What could make her happy?(主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语) 8.I told her a very funny story.(主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语) 9.She couldn’t help laughing.(主语+谓语+宾语) (Ⅱ)This is my mother,an ordinary housewife. Just now she was sitting here,watching TV. Much to my surprise,she was weeping. In order to make her happy,I told her a very funny story. Sure enough,she couldn’t help laughing. 第二节 掌握五种基本句式 [技法指导] 句子成分构成了英语中各种各样的句子,但英语中最基本的句式只有五种,其他各种句式都是由这五种基本句式转换而来。五种基本句式如下: 主语+谓语(不及物动词) 主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语 主语+系动词+表语 主语+谓语(及物动词)+间接宾语+直接宾语 主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语+宾语补足语 一、主语+谓语(不及物动词) 该句式常用来表示主语的动作或状态。其特点为:句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思,这类动词叫做不及物动词,后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。 In addition to reading for knowledge,we read for fun and inspiration. (2017·浙江高考满分作文) 除了为知识而读外,我们还为乐趣和鼓舞而读。 Bathed in the sunshine,we jumped and cheered with joy. (2017·江西高考书面表达) 沐浴在阳光中,我们高兴得欢呼雀跃。 [学以致用] 完成句子 1.为了身体健康,我们应该定期锻炼。 In order to keep fit,we_should_exercise_regularly. 2.这里高楼林立、绿树成荫。 Here many_high_buildings_have_appeared with green trees growing quickly. 二、主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语 该句式特点为:谓语动词均为实义动词,都是主语发出的动作,但不能表达完整的意思,必须跟有一个宾语(宾语可以由名词、代词、动名词、不定式等来充当),即动作的承受者,才能使意思完整。 Success consists in the ability to continue efforts through failures.(2017·福建高考满分作文) 成功在于失败后的不懈努力的能力。 On the other hand,a lot of factories can’t employ enough workers.(2017·广东高考读写任务) 另一方面,很多工厂却雇佣不到足够的工人。 【悟一悟→参透误区】 该句式的谓语动词要用及物动词。如果是不及物动词,后面一定要跟介词构成及物词组。 In China,these knots stand for friendship,love and good luck.(2017·新课标全国卷Ⅱ书面表达) 在中国,这些中国结代表友谊、爱和好运。 [学以致用] 完成句子 1.最近几年,我们已经互相培养了良好的友谊。 Over the years,we_have_developed_a_good_friendship with each other. 2.当今,许多大城市的人们在抱怨交通拥堵。 Nowadays,people in many big cities are_complaining_about_the_heavy_traffic. 三、主语+系动词+表语 该句式就是常说的主系表结构。此句型侧重说明主语是什么或怎么样,谓语动词需用系动词(主要是be动词),表语多为形容词,也可以是名词、介词短语、不定式及分词等。 What we need most are popular science books.(2017·浙江高考书面表达) As a matter of fact,failure isn’t so terrible.(2017·湖南高考满分作文) 实际上,失败并非那么可怕。 [学以致用] 完成句子 1.总而言之,乡村生活比城市生活对健康更有利。 In a word,country_life_is_more_beneficial to health than city life. 2.全世界的环境问题正变得越来越严重。 Environmental problems are_becoming more_and_more serious all over the world. 四、主语+谓语(及物动词)+间接宾语+直接宾语 该句型中的谓语动词必须跟两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。一个是表示人的间接宾语;一个是表示物的直接宾语。一般间接宾语在前面,直接宾语在后面。 Your contribution will certainly make the event a huge success.(2017·辽宁高考满分作文) 你的贡献将一定会使此事成功。 At the same time,parents are giving their children too much protection.(2017·福建高考满分作文) 同时,父母给孩子的保护太多了。 [学以致用] 完成句子 1.格林先生将就如何学好英语给我们作一场报告。
Mr._Green_will_give_us_a_speech on how to learn English well. 2.幸运的是,她答应了我一个重新面试的机会。 Fortunately,she_promised_me_another_chance to interview.
五、主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语+宾语补足语 该句型中的动词虽然是及物动词,但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思,必须加上一个补充成分来说明宾语,才能使意思完整。宾语补足语是用来补充说明宾语的情况的,直接跟在宾语之后。 I will keep traffic rules in mind all the way.(2017·安徽高考书面表达) 我会一直牢记交通规则。 Obviously,a good learning habit can help us to speed up to reach our destinations.(2017·四川高考满分作文) 显而易见,一个好的学习习惯能帮助我们尽快达到我们的目标。 [学以致用] 完成句子 1.作为一名中学生,我认为英语是一门非常重要的科目。 As a high school student,I_consider_English a_very important subject. 2.从古代起,人们就把早起视为好习惯。 People_have_regarded_getting_up_early_as_a_good_habit since ancient times. [演练提升] Ⅰ.判断下列句子所属的类型 1.In other words,we are the master of our own future. ________________________________________________________________________ 答案 主语+系动词+表语 2.This morning our teacher told us something about the Hope Project in class. ________________________________________________________________________ 答案 主语+谓语(及物动词)+间接宾语+直接宾语 3.A blind man was walking slowly and carefully with a stick in his hand. ________________________________________________________________________ 答案 主语+谓语(不及物动词) 4.Should we sacrifice our children’s future for our own interests? ________________________________________________________________________ 答案 主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语 5.Friends made my life full of excitement,imagination and romance. ________________________________________________________________________ 答案 主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语+宾语补足语 Ⅱ.按要求完成句子 1.这种布料摸起来很软。(主语+系动词+表语) This kind of cloth____________. 答案 feels soft 2.我们尚未决定什么时候再讨论这个问题。(主语+谓语+宾语) We haven’t decided_______________________________. 答案 when to discuss the problem again 3.奶奶昨晚给我讲了一个有趣的故事。(主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语) Granny told____________________last night. 答案 me a very interesting story 4.每天早上我们都能听到他大声朗读英语。(主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语) Every morning we hear him__________________. 答案 read English aloud