七、表语 表语与前面的系动词一起构成复合谓语(系表结构)，用来说明主语的特征、类属、状态、身份等。可以用作表语的有：名词(短语)、代词、数词、形容词、副词、不定式(短语)、动名词、分词、介词短语和从句等。 My favourite proverb is“Where there’s a will，there’s a way.”(2017·山东高考满分作文) 我最爱的谚语是：“有志者，事竟成”。(从句作表语) [学以致用] 根据括号内的提示完成句子 1．我认为好书对学生非常有价值。(介词短语作表语) I think，good books are of_great_value to students. 2．我们的目的是帮助他们摆脱困境。(不定式短语作表语) Our aim is to_help_them_(to)_get_out_of_the_trouble． 八、同位语 对句子中的某一成分作进一步解释、说明，与前面的成分在语法上处于同等地位的句子成分叫做同位语。可以用作同位语的有：名词、代词、数词、介词短语、不定式、动名词和从句等。 In the meantime，those volunteers hold the opposite view that they are fed up with the earth life and eager for living on the Mars.(2017·上海高考书面表达) 同时，那些持相反观点的志愿者认为，他们已经厌倦了地球上的生活，渴望到火星居住。(同位语从句) [学以致用] 根据括号内的提示完成句子 1．我是李华，一位来自中国的中学生。(名词作同位语) I’m Li Hua，a_middle_school_student_from_China． 2．我认为，我们应该去帮助他们克服目前的困难。(同位语从句) I hold the opinion that_we should go_to help_them_(to) overcome_the_present_difficulty． Ⅰ.分析下列句子成分 1．We
saw
them
playing football
①
②
③
④ on the playground.
⑤ ________________________________________________________________________ 答案 ①主语 ②谓语 ③宾语 ④宾补 ⑤状语 2．The meeting
held yesterday
was important.
①
②
③ ________________________________________________________________________ 答案 ①主语 ②定语 ③谓语(系动词＋表语) 3．Don’t forget
to wake me up at six tomorrow morning.
①
②
③ ________________________________________________________________________ 答案 ①谓语 ②宾语 ③状语 4．Every day
he
was forced
to work from morning till night.
①
②
③
④
________________________________________________________________________ 答案 ①状语 ②主语 ③谓语 ④主补 5．I apologized to
her
for stepping on her foot.
①
②
③
④
答案 ①主语 ②谓语 ③宾语 ④状语 6．Word came
①
② that the mayor would pay a visit to our school next week．
③ 答案 ①主语 ②谓语 ③同位语 Ⅱ.按要求完成小作文 Dear Mr. Headmaster， I’m Li Yue，①____________________(高二一班的学生，用名词作同位语). I am writing to draw your attention to improper behaviour，②____________________[其中最常见的是随意乱涂(scribble)和乱丢垃圾(litter)，用定语从句]. It makes our school ③____________________(脏乱不堪，用形容词作宾补) and does harm to the image of our school. I always feel ashamed ④____________________(每当我看到这点，用状语从句). It is not appropriate
⑤____________________(对学生来说随意乱涂和乱丢垃圾，用不定式的复合结构作真正主语). I wonder ⑥____________________(是否学校能够放置更多的垃圾箱，用宾语从句) and set up special rules against such behaviour. At the same time，students ⑦____________________(应该鼓励，用被动语态作谓语) to develop good habits and better behave themselves. I believe that，with the joint efforts of both teachers and students，our school will become ⑧____________________(一个更令人愉快的地方，用名词短语作表语) in the near future. Thank you for your consideration. Yours faithfully， Li Yue 答案 ①a student from Class 1，Senior 2 ②of which scribbling and littering are the most common ③dirty and unpleasant ④whenever I see this ⑤for a student to litter and scribble ⑥if the school could place more dustbins ⑦should be encouraged ⑧a more enjoyable place 第三部分 写作提升系列 第一板块
基础写作步步高
能力层级(一) 做到表达准确清晰
[用时2课时]
第一节 明确句子八大成分
[技法指导] 句子由各个组成部分构成，这些组成部分叫做句子成分。句子成分可分为主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、补语、表语和同位语等。 一、主语 主语是句子的主体，是句子所要说明的人或事物，表示句子描述的是谁或什么。更确切地说，主语是说明谓语所表示的动作或状态的执行者。主语通常由名词(短语)、代词、数词、动词不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)或从句等充当。 These days，breaking traffic rules and littering are not uncommon，causing serious harm to life and the environment.(2017·安徽高考书面表达) 最近，违反交通规则和乱丢垃圾已是司空见惯，给人们的生活和环境都带来了严重的危害。(动名词作主语) [学以致用] 根据括号内的提示完成句子 1．掌握一门外语对我们的生活非常有帮助。(动名词作主语) Mastering_a_foreign_language will be of great help in our life. 2．使我印象最深的是他们都经过了专业培训。(主语从句) What_impressed_me_most was that they had had professional training.
二、谓语 谓语用来描述主语的行为动作、状态或特征。谓语只能由动词(短语)充当，有人称、数和时态的变化。 Today，more and more English words find their way into the Chinese language.Even the Dictionary of Contemporary Chinese includes 239 English words.Some people support it while others do not.(2017·江苏高考书面表达) 今天，越来越多的英语单词在汉语中出现，甚至《当代汉语大词典中》也载入了239个英语词汇。对此现象许多人支持，而另一些人反对。 [学以致用] 根据括号内的提示完成句子 1．他早上七点起床时，脑海里突然有了个大计划。(动词短语作谓语) When he got_up at 7∶00 am，a big plan occurred_to him. 2．他们会沉迷于电脑游戏，这会对他们的学习有不良影响。(动词短语作谓语) They may_be_addicted_to computer games，which will_have_a_bad_effect_on their studies. 三、宾语 宾语是动作的对象或承受者，一般位于及物动词和介词的后面。可以用作宾语的有：名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语和从句等。 Knowing that our library is going to buy books，I’d like to give some suggestions.(2017·浙江高考书面表达) 了解到我们的图书馆将购进一批书，我想提供一些建议。(从句作宾语) [学以致用] 根据括号内的提示完成句子 1．他突然想在启程之前再看看这座城市的美景。(动名词作宾语) Suddenly he thought of seeing_the beautiful views_of the_city again before setting out. 2．首先，我认为一个人在国外多交朋友是非常重要的。(不定式作宾语，而it作形式宾语) First of all，I think it very important to_make_more friends abroad． 四、定语 定语是用来描述名词或代词的品质与特征的修饰语，它常和名词构成名词短语。可以用作定语的有：形容词、名词、代词、数词、副词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语和从句等。 In English，there are many words borrowed from Latin，French，or even Chinese.(2017·江苏高考书面表达) 英语中，有许多单词来源于拉丁文，法语，甚至汉语。(过去分词作定语) [学以致用] 根据括号内的提示完成句子 1．为了学好英语，我们应该尽可能多地找听英语的机会。(不定式作定语) To learn English well，we should find opportunities to_hear_English_spoken_as_much_as_possible． 2．李华多么后悔浪费在电脑上的宝贵时间！(定语从句) How Li Hua regretted the valuable time (that)_he_had wasted_on the_computer! 五、状语 状语是用于修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子的一种成分。可以用作状语的有：副词、名词、数词、形容词、不定式、分词、介词短语、独立主格和从句等。 With the beautiful moon up in the sky，we sit together and eat moon cakes and fruits，sharing our stories.(2017·辽宁高考书面表达) 美丽的月亮高挂在天空，我们坐在一起吃着月饼和水果，一块分享我们的故事。(with复合结构和现在分词作状语) [学以致用] 根据括号内的提示完成句子 1．旅行了一周后，他回到了家，感到很累但很高兴。(形容词作状语) After a week’s trip，he returned home，tired_but very_happy． 2．当遇到困难时，他看上去不够坚强，不敢接受挑战。(状语从句的省略句) When_faced_with_difficulties/When_facing_difficulties，he appears weak and dare not meet the challenges. 六、补足语 补足语是用来说明宾语或主语的性质、状态等的一种句子成分。补充说明主语意义的句子成分叫做主语补足语；补充说明宾语意义的句子成分叫做宾语补足语。可以用作补足语的有：形容词、名词、不定式、分词和介词短语等。 It also helps me better understand the proverb“Practice makes perfect.”(2017·浙江高考书面表达) 它也帮助我更好地理解谚语“熟能生巧”的含义。(不定式作宾语补足语) [学以致用] 根据括号内的提示完成句子 1．我们将尽全力使我们的国家越来越美丽。(形容词作宾语补足语) We’ll try our best to make our country more_and more beautiful． 2．因此，不要让你的孩子在温室里成长。(不定式作宾语补足语) Therefore，don’t let your children grow up in the greenhouse． 3．有人再次发现他流浪在城市街头。(分词作主语补足语) He was once again found wandering along the city street．