阅读理解解题样板(三) 个人情感与人际关系类 [精读语篇](山东高考阅读理解A) Jimmy is an automotive mechanic，but he lost his job a few months ago.He has a good heart，but always feared applying for a new job. One day，he gathered up all his strength and decided to attend a job interview.His appointment was at 10 am and it was already 8∶30.While waiting for a bus to the office where he was supposed to be interviewed，he saw an elderly man wildly kicking the tyre of his car.Obviously there was something wrong with the car.Jimmy immediately went up to lend him a hand.When Jimmy finished working on the car，the old man asked him how much he should pay for the service.Jimmy said there was no need to pay him；he just helped someone in need，and he had to rush for an interview.Then the old man said，
“Well，I could take you to the office for your interview.It’s the least I could do.Please.I insist.” Jimmy agreed. Upon arrival，Jimmy found a long line of applicants waiting to be interviewed.Jimmy still had some grease on him after the car repair，but he did not have much time to wash it off or have a change of shirt.One by one，the applicants left the interviewer’s office with disappointed looks on their faces.Finally his name was called.The interviewer was sitting on a large chair facing the office window. Rocking the chair back and forth，he asked，“Do you really need to be interviewed？” Jimmy’s heart sank.“With the way I look now，how could I possibly pass this interview？” he thought to himself. Then the interviewer turned the chair and to Jimmy’s surprise，it was the old man he helped earlier in the morning.It turned out he was the General Manager of the company. “Sorry I had to keep you waiting，but I was pretty sure I made the right decision to have you as part of our workforce before you even stepped into the office.I just know you’d be a trustworthy worker.Congratulations！” Jimmy sat down and they shared a cup of welldeserved coffee as he landed himself a new job. [题目试做](建议用时：8分钟) 56．Why did Jimmy apply for a new job? A．He was out of work. B．He was bored with his job. C．He wanted a higher position. D．He hoped to find a better boss. 57．What did Jimmy see on the way to the interview? A．A friend’s car had a flat tyre. B．A wild man was pushing a car. C．A terrible car accident happened. D．An old man’s car broke down. 58．Why did the old man offer Jimmy a ride? A．He was also to be interviewed. B．He needed a travelling companion. C．He always helped people in need. D．He was thankful to Jimmy. 59．How did Jimmy feel on hearing the interviewer’s question? A．He was sorry for the other applicants. B．There was no hope for him to get the job. C．He regretted helping the old man. D．The interviewer was very rude. 60．What can we learn from Jimmy’s experience? A．Where there’s a will，there’s a way. B．A friend in need is a friend indeed. C．Good is rewarded with good. D．Two heads are better than one. 60．What can we learn from Jimmy’s experience? A．Where there’s a will，there’s a way. B．A friend in need is a friend indeed. C．Good is rewarded with good. D．Two heads are better than one. [读文样板] 一、理清文章脉络 吉米冒着求职面试迟到的危险去帮助一个老人修车，结果证明，他在帮助别人的同时，也帮助了自己。 第一段：吉米的情况介绍。 第二段：吉米在求职面试等车时帮助了一位老人修车，并搭乘老人的车去公司面试。 第三至五段：吉米面试时发现老人便是那家公司的经理，并得到了那份工作。 二、破解阅读障碍 (一)怎样破解生僻词汇 1．automotive adj.汽车的；自动的 破解方法：构词法。auto(自动的)＋motive(发动的)：能自动发动的或提供动力的即自动的或汽车的＝automotive。 2．workforce n．劳动力；工人总数 破解方法：构词法。work(工作)＋force(力量)：能工作的力量即为劳动力＝workforce 3．land n．土地vt.成功得到，赢得 破解方法：熟词新义。由语境可知此处是指为自己“赢得”一份工作。 (二)怎样破解长难句
译文：在等开往他就要去参加面试的公司的公共汽车时，他看到一位老年人正在狠狠地踢他自己的汽车轮胎。
译文：抱歉，我让你久等了，但是我非常肯定我做出了正确的决定，那就是在你走进这个办公室之前我就决定让你成为我们员工中的一分子。 [解题样板] 56.吉米为何要找一份新工作？ 信息源 选项特征 A.他失业了。 第一段第一句 合理推断 B.他讨厌他现在的工作。 文中未提及 无中生有 C.他想要一份更高职位的工作。 文中未提及 无中生有 D.他希望能找到一位更好的老板。 文中未提及 无中生有 [分析] A 根据第一段第一句中的“but he lost his job a few months ago”可知，吉米找工作是因为他失业了，所以选A。
[分析] D 根据第二段，尤其是其中的“While waiting for ...he saw an elderly man wildly kicking the tyre of his car.Obviously there was something wrong with the car.”可知，他看到一位老人的车出故障了。故选D。 57.吉米在去面试的路上看到了什么？ 信息源 选项特征 A.一个朋友的车爆胎了。 第二段 张冠李戴 B.一个疯子正在推他的车。 第二段 曲解文意 C.一次可怕的车祸。 文中未提及 无中生有 D.一位老人的车坏了。 第二段 第四句 合理推断
[分析] D 根据第二段最后老人说的话“Well，I could take you to the office for your interview.It’s the least I could do.Please，I insist.”可知，老人这么做是为了感谢吉米的帮助。故选D。 58.为何这个老人让吉米搭车？ 信息源 选项特征 A.他也要参加面试。 文中未提及 无中生有 B.他需要一个旅伴。 文中未提及 无中生有 C.他总是帮助需要帮助的人。 第二段第六句 张冠李戴 D.他感谢吉米。 第二段倒 数第二句 合理推断
[分析] B 根据第三段中的“Jimmy’s heart sank.‘With the way I look now，how could I possibly pass this interview？’”可知，吉米觉得自己没有希望通过面试。所以选B。 59.吉米在听到面试官的问题时有何感受？ 信息源 选项特征 A.他对其他参加面试者感到难过。 第三段第三句 曲解文意 B.他没有希望得到这份工作。 第三段第七句 合理推断 C.他后悔帮了那位老人。 第二段第六句 曲解文意 D.面试官很粗鲁。 文中未提及 无中生有
[分析] C 从文中的故事来看，一个人帮助了另外一个陌生人，这个人本来并不需要什么回报，可是他最后却得到了这个陌生人的帮助，由此可以推出“好心有好报”这一结论。故选C。 60.从吉米的经历中我们可以了解到什么？ 信息源 选项特征 A.有志者事竟成。 全文 曲解文意 B.患难之交见真情。 全文 曲解文意 C.好心有好报。 最后一段 合理推断 D.两人智慧胜一人。 全文 曲解文意 [阅读积累] 一、考纲重点词汇复现 1．apply for 申请 2．interview
n. & v．采访；面试；面谈 3．attend
v．出席；参加；照料 eg.Who will attend the meeting? 谁将出席这次会议？ 4．be supposed to do sth.应该做某事 eg.I think everyone is supposed to reduce the waste. 我认为大家都应该减少浪费。 5．insist
v．坚持，强调 eg.Some of us insisted that we should have a party at the weekend，yet others insisted that they could not spare the time. 我们中有些人坚持要求我们周末聚一聚，可是另外一些人却坚持说他们抽不出空来。 6．upon arrival
一到达 7．disappointed
adj.感到失望的 eg.How disappointed they were when their team was defeated by ours. 当他们队被我们队击败时，他们是多么失望啊。 8．turn out
结果是，证明是 eg.He painted a tiger，but it turned out a dog. 画虎不成反类犬。 9．trustworthy
adj.可靠的，可信赖的 10．welldeserved
adj.良好，当之无愧的
二、文中小语法 状语从句的省略 原句：while waiting for a bus to the office where he was supposed to be interviewed，he saw an elderly man wildly kicking the tyre of his car. 点拨：句中while waiting for a bus结构属于“状语从句的省略”。补全后为“While he was
waiting for a bus”。英语中，when，while，before，after，unless，as if等引导的状语从句的省略必须符合的两个条件是：一、状语从句中的主语与主句的主语一致；二、从句的谓语中含有动词be的某种形式。又如： When(you are)arriving，send me a telegram. 到达之后，来个电报。 He paused as if(he was)expecting her to speak. 他停下来，好像是在期待她说话。 You shouldn’t come to his party unless(you were)invited. 除非你被邀请，否则你不应该来参加他的宴会。 [注意] 当状语从句的连接词后是动词时，要注意其主动和被动形式。 3．The Foreign Ministry Spokeswoman on Thursday urged Japan to stop making irresponsible comments on (对……不负责任的评论)the incident in waters off the Diaoyu Islands. 4．Usain Bolt was well aware of(对……非常清楚)what he would be bringing to the audience as he prepared to defend his title in the London Olympics. Ⅲ.多维演练 1．concern (1)用concern的相关短语完成小片段 Professor Huang ①is concerned about/for(关心)the world peace and human progress. He also makes it clear that his research work should ②concern/be concerned with(涉及)the farmers’ income. ③As far as he
is concerned(就他而言)，to increase the farmers’ income is of greater importance than anything else. (2)完成句子 ①Many maths teachers expressed concern about the use of calculator in the lower grades. 许多数学老师对低年级使用计算器表示了担心。 ②As far as I’m concerned，the whole idea is crazy. 在我看来，这一想法十分荒唐。 ③The concerned parents are all concerned for the children’s safety. 忧心忡忡的家长们都在为孩子们的安全担忧。 ④We could not prove he was concerned with the crime，so we had to release him. 我们无法证明他与此罪行有关，因此不得不释放了他。 2．bargain (1)完成句子 ①Let’s make a bargain: you do the homework for me and I will give you the book. 让我们做笔交易吧：你帮我做作业，我就把这本书给你。 ②In the market，many dealers were bargaining with growers about the prices of vegetables. 市场上，商贩们正和菜农就蔬菜的价格进行商谈。 ③I bought a dress for only 10 dollars in a sale；it was a real bargain．在一次大甩卖中，我只用10美元就买了一件套裙，真是太便宜了。 (2)用bargain及其短语的适当形式完成小片段 My wife often picks up some ①bargains(便宜货)from the market. Though cheap，they’re of good quality. Last weekend，she ②bargained with a salesgirl ③over/about/for(与……就……讨价还价)a dress. At last she bought it for only 10 dollars and it was ④a real bargain(真正的便宜货)． 3．appeal (1)用所给词的适当形式填空 I’m writing a letter，expecting your newspaper to appeal(appeal)to the public to pay(pay)more attention to environmental protection. (2)用appeal短语的适当形式填空 ①Nowadays，sport has become an important form of entertainment，appealing to both men and women. ②He appealed to his friends for support. ③He made one last appeal to his father for forgiving him. ④The Red Cross is appealing for donations of food and clothing for the people suffering from the severe earthquake. (3)完成句子 ①The government is appealing to everyone to save water. 政府呼吁每个人节约用水。 ②He is going to appeal against the decision. 他不服这个决定，要去上诉。
1．put off推迟，延期；拖延；使反感；脱掉(衣帽) [经典例句] Never put off till tomorrow what may be done today.(谚)今日事，今日毕。 [一词多义] 写出下列句中put off的含义 ①It’d be much better to put off the meeting till Friday.推迟 ②After I came into the house，I put off my coat.脱掉 ③The country’s worsening reputation does not seem to be putting off the tourists.使反感 put aside 节省，储蓄，忽视，置之不理 put away
收起来，放好；积蓄，存钱 put out
伸出；扑灭，熄灭；生产，制造 put down
放下；平定；写下 ④My mother opened the drawer to put away the knives and spoons. 我妈妈打开抽屉把刀和汤匙存放起来。 ⑤The military government is determined to put down the rebellion. 军政府决定平定叛乱。 2．give away赠送，捐赠；泄露(秘密)；颁发 [教材原句] Therefore he gave away all his money to charities. 因此，他把所有的钱都捐赠给了慈善机构。 [一词多义] 写出下列句中give away的含义 ①People give away much more by their gestures than by their words.暴露；泄露 ②We have invited a famous former student to give away the school prizes.颁发 ③Before the worldfamous scientist was dying，he decided to give away all his prizes to the charity.赠送 give off放出(气味、热、光等) give out
分发，分配；发表；散发；精疲力竭，用尽 give way to
撤退；让步，让路；让……优先 give in
屈服，让步 ④The news of the President’s death was given out in a radio broadcast. 总统逝世的消息已在电台上播出了。 ⑤At this climate conference our government gave in，in order to protect the benefits of other developing countries. 在气候大会上，为保护其他发展中国家的利益，我国政府作出了让步。 3．drop out退出；退学 [教材原句] Charles Gray decided to drop out and has discovered that having only a little money makes you free. 查尔斯·格雷决定退出富人圈，他发现仅仅拥有少量的钱会带给人自由。 drop by/over 顺便拜访 drop in(on sb./at a place)
顺便拜访(某人/某地) drop off 落下；不知不觉入睡；送下车，送到；减少 ①If I do drop off，wake me as soon as Martin arrives，won’t you? 如果我确实睡着了，马丁一到就叫醒我好吗？ ②Be sure to drop in on me when you can spare a moment. 等你抽得出空时别忘了顺便来看看我。
[学以致用] Ⅰ.选词填空 to be exact, out of work, turn one’s back on, give out, drop out, appeal to, put off, what’s more
1．The millionaire has given out most of his money to the poor and now he isn’t a millionaire. 2．The police appealed to the crowd to keep calm and the problem was being solved. 3．In the old days many girls in the countryside had to drop out of school. 4．Because of the rain the football match has been put off． 5．He learns quickly，and what’s more，he remembers all that he has learnt. 6．To be exact，he didn’t know how to persuade his parents. 7．He turned his back on his friends when he became famous. 8．Being out of work and having three children，they found it impossible to make ends meet. Ⅱ.多维演练 1．put短语 (1)用put短语的适当形式填空 ①I put down his address in order not to forget it. ②She keeps putting off going to the dentist although she suffers a lot.
③The questions put forward at the meeting are of vital importance. ④She’s got a few thousand pounds put away for her retirement. ⑤That’s a large publishing company which has put out many books on education.
(2)完成句子 ①It doesn’t matter whether the meeting is put off． 会议是否延期无关紧要。 ②The products they put out are of very good quality. 他们生产的产品质量很好。 2．give短语 ①I haven’t given up smoking but I’m cutting down.
②His mother gave in to him and bought him a new bike. ③After a week their food supplies gave out． ④All the books were given away free after the exhibition. 3．drop短语 (1)用drop短语的适当形式填空 ①On his way downtown，Jim dropped in at his aunt’s. ②We finally dropped Gina off at her parents’ and made our own way home. ③Soon after he fell ill，he dropped behind the rest of the class.
④He turned to crime when he dropped out of school. (2)完成句子 ①Not being content with the judge，three runners dropped out． 由于对裁判不满，三位选手退出了比赛。 ②Please drop me off at the gate of the bank. 请让我在银行门口下车。
1．There are certainly no signs that Charles was a rich man! 当然没有任何迹象表明查尔斯曾是一个富翁！ (1)本句是一个复合句， that引导同位语从句，解释说明名词 signs 的内容。 ①The news that Obama had been elected president of the United States for the 2nd time was true. 奥巴马第二次当选美国总统的消息是真的。
(2)连接词 that 引导同位语从句时，常跟在某些抽象名词如： fact，hope，desire，thought，suggestion，idea，news，problem，possibility，chance，plan 等词之后，对前面的名词起补充说明的作用。同位语从句也可以由连接代词who，what，whose，which；连接副词how，when，where，why或从属连词whether来引导。 ②We must face the fact that we have run out of all the money. 我们必须面对我们已花完了钱这一事实。 ③The question whether we should continue to do the experiment has not been answered yet. 我们是否该继续实验的问题还没有被解决。 ④I have no idea where the new library will be built. 我不知道新图书馆将要建在哪里。 [链接高考] (2017·重庆高考改编)—Is it true that Mike refused an offer from Yale University yesterday? —Yeah，but I have no idea why he did it；that’s one of his favorite universities.
2．If so，it is time for you to think again. 如果这样的话，你需要再考虑一下了。 If so是If it is so的省略形式。 (1)在表示时间、地点、条件或让步的从句中，如果谓语有be动词，主语又和主句的主语一致或者从句主语是it(有时是there be)，常可把从句中的主语和be动词省略。 ①Once(he was)a migrant worker，Zhu Zhiwen now becomes a famous singer. 朱之文曾经是个农民工，现在变成一位著名的歌手。
②While(I was)at college，I began to know him，a strange but able student. 我在上大学时就开始认识他，一个不同寻常但有能力的学生。 (2)某些省略结构经过长期发展而约定俗成，成为固定搭配。 if only要是……就好了 if possible
如果可能的话 when/where necessary
必要的时候/地方 What if?
要是/倘使……会怎样？ So what?
那又怎样？ How come?
怎么会？ What for?
为什么？ Why not ...?
为什么不……呢？ ③If(it is)necessary，ring me at home. 如果有必要，朝我家里打电话。 ④There are few people nowadays，if(there are)any，who remember him. 很少有人能记起他。 [链接高考] (2017·福建高考改编)The climate here is quite pleasant，the temperature rarely，if ever，reaching 30 ℃ in summer. [学以致用] Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．He is only too ready to help others，seldom，if ever，refusing them when they turn to him. 2．—Is there any possibility that you could pick me up at the airport? —No problem. Ⅱ.完成句子 1．Work hard when(you are)young, or you’ll regret. 年轻时要努力工作，否则你会后悔的。 2．The exhibition is more interesting than(it was)expected． 这个展览比预期的要有趣得多。 3．I prefer to approach them in person or by phone if possible． 如果可能的话，我更喜欢面对面或电话接洽。 4．He opened the box，as if in search of something important． 他打开盒子，仿佛要找一件什么重要的东西。 5．The question who should do the work requires consideration. 谁该干这项工作，这个问题需要考虑。
不定代词与不定式 单句语法填空 1．Talking about buying cars，I prefer a car less than 100，000 yuan to one over the amount. 2．The agreement was made quickly as both sides were satisfied with the conditions of the other． 3．The poem A Red，Red Rose written by Robert Burns is popular with the Chinese young people，because the poem is easy to understand(understand)． 4．To save(save)power，turn off the hot water after you take a shower. 5．The news reporters hurried to the airport，only to be informed(inform)that the film stars had left. Ⅲ.经典原句默写 1．You will have someone to talk English with． 你需要有人和你一起说英语。 2．One view is that English is going to become even more important as a global language... 一个观点是英语作为全球性的语言，它将会变得更重要…… 3．Every time we use some words of English，we are actually using Latin. 每当我们说英文中的一些单词时，我们其实是在使用拉丁文。 4．They spend half their time dreaming up ways of getting rich，and the rest of their time thinking about all the enjoyable things they would do once they got rich． 他们一半的时间用在幻想变富有的方法，另一半的时间用在思考一旦变得富有以后该做的快乐的事情。 5．If so，it is time for you to think again. 如果这样的话，就到了你再次思考的时候了。 6．There is no doubt that it will help us to cure all sorts of illnesses. 毫无疑问它将帮助我们治愈各种疾病。 1．defeat vt.战胜，击败n.失败，击败 [经典例句] He who fears being conquered is sure of defeat. (谚)怕吃败仗的就要打败仗。 ①When the results of the vote were announced，the Prime Minister acknowledged defeat. 选举结果宣布后，这位总理才承认失败。 【辨析比较】 defeat，beat，win 试一试 选择以上单词填空 ②She could feel her heart beating with fear. ③Who do you think will win the beauty contest? ④You beat/defeated me in the race，but I’ll beat/defeat you at tennis. ⑤The army was welltrained and wellarmed，and had little difficulty defeating the enemy. 辨一辨 defeat “击败”，既可以表示战胜比赛或竞技对手，也可以指战争中打败敌人或使(计划/希望)落空/受挫 beat “战胜”，主要用于竞技或比赛中战胜对手，其次还有“连续/有规律地敲打，心脏跳动”等意思 win “赢得，获得”，其宾语通常是比赛、战斗、奖品、荣誉、好感等 2.determine vt.确定，决定；使下定决心 [教材原句] A lot of people are determined to become a millionaire. 很多人一心想成为百万富翁。 (1)determine on/upon(doing)sth.决定(做)某事 determine to do sth.
决定做某事 determine sb.to do sth.
使某人下决心做某事 determine＋that/wh
从句．..
决定…… (2)determined adj.
有决心的 be determined to do sth.
决心做某事 ①I desperately tried to determine which math problem I would get.(2017·湖南高考阅读B) 我拼命地试图确定我将得到哪道数学题。 ②I have determined on spending my holiday at home this summer. 今年夏天我已决定在家里度假。 ③A wanderer who is determined to reach his destination does not fear the rain. (谚)决心赶到目的地，浪汉何惧雨来淋。 ④We determine to get the work done before Sunday. 我们决定周日前完成这项工作。 【联想归纳】 表示“决定做某事”的词汇还有哪些？请补全。 ①decide to do sth. ②make up one’s mind to do sth. 3．concern vt.使忧虑；与……相关 n．担心；关心；关系 [高考佳句] Its effect on the environment is a major concern.(2017·陕西高考信息匹配) 它对环境的影响是一个备受关注的问题。 (1)show/express concern for/about ... 对……表示关心/忧虑 (2)concerned adj.
关心的，关切的 be concerned about/for/that...
担心；关心 be concerned with
与……有关；涉及 as/so far as ... be concerned
就……而言；依……之见 (3)concerning prep.
关于 ①Primer Li Keqiang showed much concern about the plight of the refugees in Syria in his speech. 李克强总理在演讲中对叙利亚难民的悲惨处境表示很担忧。 ②As far as we ourselves are concerned，we are safe and sound. 至于我们自身，则安然无恙。 ③Everyone should be concerned about the future of his own country. 每个人都应关心自己国家的未来。 【名师指津】 concerned 作定语时的位置： (1)表示“忧虑的，担忧的，担心的”，作前置定语，如： a concerned look 担忧的表情。 (2)表示“有关的，涉及的”，作后置定语，如： the authorities concerned 有关当局。 4．aware adj.知道的，意识到的 [高考佳句] Whether we waste our potential talents，our own time，our limited natural resource，our money，or other people’s time，each of us can become more aware and careful.(2017·福建高考短文填词) 无论我们浪费了我们的潜能，时间、有限的资源、钱，还是别人的时间，我们每个人都会更明白、更小心。 ①Emerald Valley is only one community that is becoming aware of the negative effects of light pollution.(2017·天津高考阅读B) 翡翠谷是意识到灯光污染负面效应的唯一一个社区。 ②He is quite aware that pronunciation is very important to a language student. 他完全意识到对一名学语言的学生来说发音是很重要的。 ③As far as I’m aware，nobody has done anything about how to prevent the river from being polluted. 据我所知，没有人对怎样才能防止这条河流被污染采取任何措施。 5．bargain vi.& n．交易；便宜货；讨价还价 [教材原句] Which of the following do most British people bargain for? 大多数英国人会为下列哪些东西而讨价还价？ ①This coat is only halfprice，a real bargain，and all the clothes in this shop will be sold at reduced prices. 这件外套仅半价，真正的便宜货，这家商店里所有的衣服都将清仓大甩卖。 ②A bargain is a bargain.(谚)达成的协议不可撕毁。 (1)bargain with sb.about/over/for sth. 就某物与某人讨价还价 (2)make a bargain(with sb.)
(与某人)成交/达成协议 It’s a(real)bargain.
真便宜。 ③In the market，if you bargain with them，they might reduce the price. 在市场上假如你同他们讨价还价，他们就可能降低价格。 ④They made a bargain with us，but they are trying to break it off. 他们跟我们定了合同，可是现在想撕毁它。 6．appeal vi.吸引，引起兴趣；呼吁，恳求n.呼吁，要求 [高考佳句] So in 1887，she appealed to the Manitoba Legislature to issue a licence to her but they，too，refused.(2017·山东高考完形填空) 所以1887年，她恳求马尼托巴立法机关发给她一个执照，但遭到他们的再次回绝。 (1)appeal to sb. 对某人有吸引力 appeal to sb.for sth.
呼吁某人某事 appeal for sth.
呼吁某事；请求给予某物 appeal to sb.to do sth.
呼吁某人做某事 (2)make an appeal to sb.
向某人提出呼吁；上诉 ①The government is appealing for more money to help people suffering from the flood in the southeast. 政府呼吁人们捐赠更多的钱支援受洪灾的东南部地区。 ②We appealed to the villagers for money to build the bridge. 为建造这座桥，我们呼吁村民捐款。 ③The man was not satisfied with the verdict. So he decided to make an appeal to the supreme court. 那名男子对判决不满，因此他决定上诉至最高法庭。 7．behave vi.举止，表现 [高考佳句] The bear behaved abnormally，probably because of hunger. 或许因为饥饿，那只熊举止很不正常。 (1)behave well/badly(towards) (对……)表现好/不好 behave oneself
表现得体，有礼貌 (2)behaviour n.
行为，举止，态度 good/bad behaviour
良好/恶劣行为 ①Parents should educate their children to behave well. 父母应当教育子女守规矩。 ②The children do not know how to behave themselves decently. 小孩子不懂如何举止得体。 8．advance vi.取得进展，前进；改进
n．前进 [经典例句] We feared that an advance on the capital would soon follow.(牛津P24) 我们担心，接下来马上向着首都推进。 ①He who does not advance loses ground. (谚)逆水行舟，不进则退。 (1)advance on/upon/towards 朝……前进 in advance
提前，预先 in advance of
在……前面 (2)advanced adj.
高级的；先进的 ②The plane reached Hong Kong ten minutes in advance of its scheduled time. 飞机比预定的时间提早了十分钟到达香港。 ③The advanced technology we import should improve the quality of our products. 我们进口的先进技术应能提高我们产品的质量。 9．replace vt.代替，取代，把……放回原处 [高考佳句] Serval says that one day，it’ll be possible to replace the brush on the handle with a brushing unit that also has a camera.(2017·山东高考阅读D) Serval说将来某一天，用装有照相机的刷牙装置取代牙刷柄上的牙刷头是有可能的。 ①You may read any of these magazines—only you must replace it after reading. 这些杂志你都可以看——但看后必须把它们放回原处。
②Lost wealth can be replaced by industry，lost knowledge by study，lost health by temperance or medicine，but lost time is gone for ever. (谚)失去的财富可由勤奋恢复，失去的知识可由学习而恢复，失去的健康可由节制或药物而恢复，但失去的时间却一去永不复返。 ③Most scientists agree that computers cannot completely take the place of human. 大多数科学家认为计算机并不能完全代替人。 [链接高考] (2011·安徽高考改编)—What do you think of store shopping in the future?
—Personally，I think it will exist along with home shopping but will never be replaced(replace)． [间考词汇] 1．earn vt.赢得；挣得，赚得 earn/make a/one’s living 谋生 earn respect/praise from
赢得……的尊重/赞誉 He will always be a slave who knows not how to earn and save. (谚)不懂挣钱和积财，只能永远当奴才。 2．pleased adj.高兴的，满意的 be pleased with 对……满意 be pleased to do sth.
很高兴做某事 please vt.
使……高兴 He who pleased everybody died before he was born. (谚)众口难调。
3．annoy vt.使烦恼，打搅 be annoyed with sb. 生某人的气 be annoyed at/about(doing)sth.
因(做)某事生气 be annoyed to do sth.
做某事而生气 He was annoyed at being woken up so early. 这么早被叫醒，他很是气愤。 4．comment n. & vi.& vt.评论 make comments on 对……做评论 comment on/upon sth.
评论，交谈，对……提意见 When asked about the rumour，she made no comments. 当问到那个谣言时，她没做评论。 5．balance n．天平；平衡；余额 v．平衡；权衡 in the balance 犹豫，悬而未决 keep/lose one’s balance
保持/失去平衡 I found it hard to keep my balance on the icy path. 我觉得在结冰的路上保持平衡很困难。 6．focus vt.& vi.(使)集中，(使)聚焦n.焦点；调焦 focus on
集中于…… focus one’s attention on
集中注意力于 Her big eyes were focused on the toy bear. 她的大眼睛盯着那个玩具熊。 [学以致用] Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．The children will not be allowed to go to the supermarket if they don’t behave themselves． 2．Some questions may come to you during the interview，but you can and should make good preparations in advance. 3．If we focus sunlight on a dry leaf with a piece of glass，it may start burning. 4．He was disappointed at the sight he saw in the famous place of interest，determined(determine)never to come back again. Ⅱ.完成句子 1．Many in the credit industry expect that credit cards will eventually replace(最终会替代)paper money for almost every purchase. 2．—My neighbor is always playing loud music late at night. —That’s annoying(真是很烦人). You really should talk to him about it. 话题四 世界与环境 话题短句 1．Too many trees have been cut down. 许多树已被砍倒。 2．It has caused birds and animals to lose their natural habitats. 这让鸟类和动物失去了它们的自然栖息地。 3．Rubbish and waste water are being poured into the river. 大量的垃圾和废水正涌入河流。 4．Water sources have become badly polluted. 水资源已被严重污染。 5．We must take action to protect the earth now. 我们现在必须采取行动来保护地球。 6．We’ll have nowhere to live in the future. 将来我们会无处生存。
热身体验 1．连接1、2句，使其成为含which引导的非限制性定语从句的复合句 Too many trees have been cut down，which has caused birds and animals to lose their natural habitats. 2．用介词短语as a consequence连接3、4句 Rubbish and waste water are being poured into the river；as a consequence，water sources have become badly polluted. 3．用unless连接5、6句 We’ll have nowhere to live in the future unless we take action to protect the earth now. 选用“therefore，meanwhile，as far as I’m concerned，for example”过渡词句衔接成文。 Our environment is getting worse and worse.For example，we have been cutting down too many trees，which has caused birds and animals to lose their natural habitats.Meanwhile，rubbish and waste water are being poured into the river；as a consequence，water sources have become badly polluted.Therefore，water sources have become so badly polluted that some of the water is unfit to drink or to use. As far as I’m concerned，it’s high time that we paid much attention to protecting our environment.We’ll have nowhere to live in the future unless we take action to protect the earth now.
Ⅰ.重点单词识记 1．
/və'raIəti/ n．多样化，多样性 2．
/baʊ/ vi.鞠躬；点头 3．
/dI'fiːt/ vt.战胜，击败 4．
/ɜ ː n/ vt.挣得，赚得 5．
/In'dʒɔIəbəl/ adj.使人快乐的 6．
/'hɑ ː dwɜ ː kIŋ/ adj.勤奋的 7．
/drʌŋk/ adj.(酒)醉的 8．
/ru ː d/ adj.无礼的，粗鲁的 9．
/'bɑ ː ɡIn/ n．便宜货；vi.讨价还价 10．
/ə'ɡresIv/ adj.好斗的；有进取心的 variety bow defeat earn enjoyable hardworking drunk rude bargain aggressive 11．
/'kɒment/ v．& n．评论 12．
/ə'piːl/ vi.吸引，引起兴趣；呼吁，恳求 13．
/ə'prɒksImItli/ adv.近似地，大约地 14．
/kən'teIn/ vt.包含，含有 15．
/'bæləns/ n．平衡 16．
/rI'muːv/ vt.移开，挪走 17．
/bI'heiv/ vt.举止，表现 18．
/'sIɡnəl/ n．信号，暗号 19．
/'fəʊkəs/ n．焦点；调焦；vt.聚焦于，集中注意力于…… comment comment approximately contain balance remove behave signal focus 20．
/rI'pleIs/ vt.代替，替换 21．
/'məʊtIveIt/ vt.使有动机，促使，激发→
n．动力，诱因 22．
/tek‘niːk/ n．技巧， 技术→
n．技术(总称) 23．
/'fluːəntli/adv.流利地→
n．流利，流畅→
adj.流利的 24．
/ə‘tʃiːvmənt/ n．成就， 完成→
vt.完成 25．
/p ə'sentIdʒ/ n．百分比(率)→
n．百分之…… replace motivate motivation technique technology fluently fluency fluent achievement achieve percentage percent 26．
/Iɡ'zIst/ vi.存在，生存→
n．存在，生存 27．
/dI‘tɜːmIn/ vt.确定， 决定→
n．决心→
adj.坚定的，决心的 28．
/kən'sɜːn/ vt.使忧虑；与……相关→
adj.担心的；忧虑的 29．
/‘prɒdʌkt/ n．产品， 出口→
n．生产，产量 30．
/In ː θjuːzI'æstIk/ adj.感兴趣的，热情的→
n．热情，激情 exist existence determine determination determined concern concerned product production enthusiastic enthusiasm 31．
/ə'nɔI/ vt.使烦恼，打搅→
adj.烦恼的；生气的→
adj.令人烦恼的 32．
/ə'mjuːzmənt/ n．乐趣，娱乐活动→
adj.逗乐的，有趣的→
adj.有趣的，好笑的 33．
/əd'vɑːns/ n．进展，进步；vi.前进，取得进展→
adj.高级的，先进的 34．
/‘præktIkəl/ adj.实用的； 实践的→
n．实践 35．
/'friːdəm/ n．自由→
adj.自由的；免费的 annoy annoyed annoying amusement amused amusing advance advanced practical practice freedom free Ⅱ.重点短语识记 1．Each writing in her own unmistakable voice，Perri and Sheila take turns(轮流)exploring the joys and pains，the love and bitterness，the minor troubles and lasting respect that have always bonded them together.(2017·湖北高考阅读B) 2．Still，even stars who enjoy full justice often complain about how hard their lives are.They are tired of(厌烦)being famous already.(2017·北京高考阅读C) 3．Having been out of work(失业)for a few months，mother took up the job of waiting on patients in hospitals. 4．“Maybe I should drop out(退出)，” I thought as I moved on.However，I decided to keep going. 5．Because of the rain the football match has been put off(推迟)． 6．We observed that being too optimistic in predicting a better future than actually observed was associated with(与……联系起来)a greater risk of disability and a greater risk of death within the following decade.(2017·湖北高考阅读E) 7．He is so generous that he gives away(赠送)part of his income to his needy friends. 8．The police appealed to(呼吁)the crowd to keep calm and the problem was being solved. 【短语归纳】 1．put off 推迟 2．out of work
失业 3．give away
赠送，泄露(秘密) 4．drop out
退出，退学 5．make/earn a living
谋生 6．dream up
凭空想出，虚构出 7．take turns
轮流 8．be concerned about
对……关心，挂念 9．turn one’s back on
不理睬，拒绝 10．be tired of
厌倦了…… 11．appeal to
吸引……；呼吁 12．to be exact
确切地说 13．what’s more
而且，此外 14．be associated with
将……与……联系起来