2016届高考英语一轮复习课件：第二部分 语法专项专练专题十一 状语从句(北师大版)

　　(4)so＋形容词＋a/an＋可数名词单数形式＋that从句。 试比较： Mike is such an honest worker that we all believe him. ＝ Mike is so honest a worker that we all believe him. (5)so＋many/much/few/little＋名词＋that从句。在“两多两少”(many/much/few/little)前要用so来修饰。 He earned so little money that he couldn’t support himself. 3．除了状语从句外，不定式in order to/so as to等也可以表示目的。 In order to get home earlier，we had to run all the way. 4．除了状语从句外，too...to，enough...to，so... as to，such (...) to等不定式结构也可以表示结果。 We got up early enough to catch the train. 六、条件状语从句 1．条件状语从句分真实性(有可能实现的事情)与非真实性(条件与事实相反或者在说话者看来不大可能实现的事情)条件句。后者应使用虚拟语气，试比较： If you work hard，you’ll make progress.(真实条件句) If you had worked harder，you would have passed the exam.(虚拟条件句) 2．“祈使句＋and...”和“祈使句＋or/otherwise...” 以上两种结构中的祈使句都表示条件，and或or/otherwise后面的内容表示结果。 Climb to the top of the mountain and you’ll see the whole city. ＝ If you climb to the top of the mountain，you’ll see the whole city. Hurry up，or/otherwise you’ll be late. ＝ If you don’t hurry up，you’ll be late. 3．“名词＋and...”结构 此结构中的名词可改为if引导的条件状语从句，有时也可改为由when，after引导的时间状语从句，and后面的句子表示主句内容。 Another sound and the enemy would discover us. ＝ If we made another sound，the enemy would discover us. A few minutes and they went away. ＝ When/After a few minutes had passed，they went away. 七、让步状语从句 1．as引导让步状语从句时，需要使用倒装结构，表示强调。被强调的部分可为名词、形容词、副词等。若名词提前，要求省略冠词。 Tired as he was (＝ Though he was tired)，he continued his work. Much as I respect him (＝ Though I respect him much)，I can’t agree to his proposal. Child as he is (＝ Although he is a child)，he could raise a stone of 100 kilos. 2．while引导让步状语从句，一般放在句首。 While (＝ Although) I don’t like it，I will try to learn it well. 3．注意“no matter＋疑问词”引导的让步状语从句。 No matter how hard (＝However hard) I have tried，I can’t find the answer. 八、比较状语从句 注意两种特殊的比较状语从句结构： 1．the more...the more结构。 The more you exercise，the healthier you will be. 2．A is to B what/as X is to Y结构。 Food is to men what oil is to machines. 九、方式状语从句 1．方式状语从句表示动作的方式。as之前常可用just加强语气。 When in Rome，do as the Romans do. I did just as the teacher did. 2．as if/as though引导方式状语从句时，常用虚拟语气。 He talks as if he knew everything in the world. She spoke English so well as if she had been to America. [学以致用] Ⅰ.用适当的从属连词填空(每空一词) 1．(2017· 天津高考)Give me a chance，________ I'll give you a wonderful surprise. 2．(2017·四川高考)I’ll be out for some time._________________anything important happens，call me up immediately. 3．(2017·湖南高考)You will never gain success ________ you are fully devoted to your work. 4．(2017·安徽高考)The meaning of the word “nice” changed a few times ________ it finally came to include the sense “pleasant.” 5．(2017·陕西高考)The young couple，who returned my lost wallet，left ________ I could ask for their names. 6．(2017·天津高考)________ you start eating in a healthier way，weight control will become much easier. 7．(2017·江西高考)It was the middle of the night________my father woke me up and told me to watch the football game. 8．(2017·北京高考)________the forest park is far away，a lot of tourists visit it every year. 9．(2017·江苏高考)Lesson can be learned to face the future，________history cannot be changed. 10．(2017·山东高考)I don’t really like the author，________ I have to admit his books are very exciting. 11．(2017·浙江高考)Cathy had quit her job when her son was born________ she could stay home and raise her family. 12．(2017·重庆高考)Half an hour later，Lucy still couldn’t get a taxi________the bus had dropped her. 答案　1.and　2.In case　3.unless　4.before　5.before　6.Once　7.when　8.Even though　9.though　 10．although　11.so that　12.where

　　Ⅱ.完成句子 1．____________________(无论哪国) you go，you should observe the law of the land. 2．The firefighters showed____________________(极大的勇气) that they were highly praised by the government. 3．____________________(无论身在何处)，you can keep an intimate contact with the rest of the world. 4．I believe that you’ll build a good friendship with the people around you____________________(只要你想)． 5．There are some other factors that need to be considered，____________________(即使你是正确的)． 6．The task was difficult and the time was not planned well，____________________(结果他没有按时完成任务)． 7．You can’t see the president of the university____________________(除非你预约)． 8．Table tennis is such an interesting and popular game____________________(我们都喜欢玩)． 答案　1.No matter which country　2.such great courage　3.No matter where you are　4.as long as you want to 5．even if you are right 　6.so that he didn’t finish it on time　 7．unless you make an appointment　8.that we all like it Ⅲ.语篇填空(用适当的词填空，注意使用从属连词) Gandhi was honored as the father of the Indian nation.He has been respected and beloved by the Indians with the belief 1.________he is an Indian national hero. He was born in India in 1869.2.________is recorded，he got married at the age of 13，following the local custom.In 1888 he sailed to England，3.________he studied law for three years and became a lawyer.4.________his return to India，he was sent to South Africa to work on a law case.

　　In South Africa he was surprised to find 5.________the problem of racial discrimination was serious.There he formed an organization and this was 6.________he started to fight for equal rights.

　　Gandhi returned to India in 1915，7.________India was controlled by the British.He led the Indians to fight for an end to the British rule and independence for his country.8.________in the political movement many Indians including Gandhi were put in prison and it was still not sure 9.________they could gain independence，the struggles never stopped.The British government had to give in and India won its independence in 1947.Unfortunately Gandhi was shot by an Indian 10.________opposed his views and died on January 30th，1948. 答案　1.that　2.As　3.where　4.On　5.that　6.how　7.when　8.Although/Though　9.whether　10.who

　　专题十一　状语从句

　　在复合句中，修饰主句或主句谓语的句子叫作状语从句。状语从句可位于主句之前，也可位于主句之后。状语从句可分为时间、地点、原因、结果、条件、方式、让步、比较和目的等九大类。 一、状语从句引导词列表

　　从句类型 从属连词 时间状语从句 as，after，before，once，since，till，until，when，whenever，while，as soon as 地点状语从句 where，wherever，anywhere，everywhere 原因状语从句 because，since，as，now (that)，seeing that，considering that，in that 结果状语从句 that，so that，so/such...that... 目的状语从句 so that，in order that，for fear that，in case，for the purpose that 从句 类型 从属连词 条件状语从句 if，unless，as/so long as，on condition that，in case，provided that 比较状语从句 than，as...as，not so/as...as 方式状语从句 as，as if/though，how 让步状语从句 though，although，even if/though，however，whatever，as，while 【悟一悟→参透误区】 (1)上述有些连词除了能引导状语从句外，还可引导定语从句和名词性从句。在使用的时候，要根据句子结构和句意来判别和区分不同的从句，正确使用引导词。以where为例，试比较下列多种从句的区别。 You are to find it where you left it.(地点状语从句) Tell me the address where he lives.(定语从句，先行词为the address) I don’t know where he came from.(宾语从句) Where he has gone is not known yet.(主语从句) This place is where they once hid.(表语从句) (2)在两个分句间要有一个且只有一个连词，千万不能按汉语习惯。 Because he was ill，he didn’t come to school. ＝He was ill，so he didn’t come to school. (3)在时间、地点、条件、方式或让步状语从句中，若从句的主语与主句的主语一致(或从句的主语为it)，从句的谓语又包含动词be时，从句中的“主语＋be”部分可省略。 When (he was) asked about it，he kept silent. Fill in the blanks with articles when (they are) necessary. If (it is) possible，I’ll explain it again later. She stood at the gate as if (she was) waiting for someone. 二、时间状语从句 1．“一……就……”的表达如下表 词类 常用词 例句 从属连词 as soon as He started as soon as he received the news. 副词 immediately，directly，instantly They phoned immediately they reached home. 名词/名词短语 the minute/moment/second/instant，every/each time They ran away the moment they saw the guard. Each time I was in trouble，he would stand by. 句型 结构 no sooner...than...，hardly/scarcely...when... No sooner had I arrived home than it began to rain. 2.till和until的用法 (1)肯定句中，主句谓语动词必须是延续性动词，意为“某一动作一直延续到某时间点才停止”。 He remained there till/until she arrived. (2)否定句中，主句谓语动词必须是非延续性动词，从句为肯定式，意为“某动作直到某时间才开始”。 I was not aware that I forgot my ticket till/until I got to the station. (3)till不可置于句首，until可以。 (4)强调和倒装句中，not...until应视为一个整体，同时被强调或置于句首。 It was not until you told me that I had any idea of it. Not until you told me did I have any idea of it.

　　3．before和since的用法 (1)before常用于表示“还未……就；不到……就；……才；趁……；还没来得及”等含义。 We had sailed four days and four nights before we saw land. He rushed out of the house before I could say anything else. (2)句型It was/will be＋时间段＋before...意为“过了多久才……”。It was not long before... /It will not be long before...意为“不久就……”。 It will be one year and a half before I come back. It was not long before he sensed the danger of the position. (3)since从句的谓语动词一般是短暂性动词，主句谓语动词则是延续性动词或反复发生的动作。since引导的从句时态为一般过去时，主句时态为现在完成时或现在完成进行时。 She has been working for the company since she left school. (4)句型It is/has been＋时间段＋since...意为“自从……到现在多久了”。 It is a long time since I saw you last time. ＝ I have not seen you for a long time. It has been two years since I was admitted to this key middle school. ＝ I was admitted to this key middle school two years ago. It is three years since I smoked a cigar. ＝ It is three years since I stopped smoking a cigar. 三、原因状语从句 1．because，as，since，now that的用法区别如下表： 引导词 位置 内涵 语气 能否回答why 能否强调 because 主句前 或后 直接原因 强 能 能 as 主句前 或后 已知原因 弱 不能 不能 since/ now that 主句前 —Why are you absent from the meeting? —Because I am ill. He is disappointed because he didn’t get the position. As his mother was a great music lover，he lived with music from birth. Since his music style was new，he decided his hairstyle had to be new too! 2．除了状语从句外，一些介词短语也可以表示原因。如：because of，thanks to，due to，owing to，on account of等。 They were late because of the traffic. 3．for引导表示原因的并列句，补充说明根据什么推断出前一分句的结果。 He must have gone to bed，for the light is out. 四、地点状语从句 　注意地点状语从句与定语从句的区别，试比较： This is the place where we used to live a few years ago. Let’s go where we can find a better job. 五、目的状语从句与结果状语从句 1．so that引导的目的状语从句及结果状语从句的区别： (1)so that引导目的状语从句时，只能置于主句之后，从句谓语部分常需用情态动词can，may，could等，可用in order that代替。后者更正式，引导的状语从句可置于主句前或后。 (2)so that引导结果状语从句时，从句的谓语部分一般没有情态动词，其作用等于so。试比较： We got up early so that we could catch the train.(此句只强调早起的目的，结果未明) We got up early so that we caught the train.(此句表明了早起的结果：赶上了火车) 2．so...that与such...that引导结果状语从句的区别： 其规律由so与such的不同词性决定。such是形容词，修饰名词或名词词组，so是副词，只能修饰形容词或副词。常见以下几种句型结构： (1)so＋形容词/副词＋that从句。 He was so excited that he could not say a word. (2)such＋a/an＋形容词＋单数可数名词＋that从句。 It’s such a good chance that we must not miss it. (3)such＋形容词＋复数名词/不可数名词＋that从句。 It was such fine weather that we went out for a walk.