2．it，that，one，those的区别 (1)it意为“它”，特指前面提到过的同一个人或者物。 I like this house with a beautiful garden in front，but I don’t have enough money to buy it.(2009·四川高考) (2)that用来替代前面出现的特指的单数可数名词或特指的不可数名词，相当于the＋单数/不可数名词。 Few pleasures can equal that (＝ the pleasure) of a cool drink on a hot day. (3)one用来替代前面出现的单数名词，是泛指概念，相当于a/an＋单数名词；ones用来替代前面出现的复数名词，也是泛指概念；the one用来替代前面的特指的单数名词，有时可用that替代(尤其在有后置定语的情况下)；the ones用来替代前面的特指的复数名词，有时可用those替代(尤其在有后置定语的情况下)。 Helping others is a habit，one you can learn even at an early age. —Why don’t we take a short break? —Didn’t we just have one (＝ a break)? Students who do well in examinations are those/the ones who ask questions in class. 3．no one，nobody，none，nothing的区别 (1)no one，nobody表“没有人；谁也不”，只指人，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。常可用来回答who引导的问句。 Charles was alone at home，with no one looking after him. (2)none“没人；没有任何东西”，既可指人，也可指物。none后可接of短语，常用来回答how many/much的问题。 —How many of you have seen the film? —None (of us)． (3)nothing意为“没有东西”，一般回答what。 A smile costs nothing，but gives much.(2017·重庆高考) 4．all，both，either，neither，none的区别 (1)all指所有的人或物，表示“(三者或三者以上)全部；都”。 All I want is peace and quiet. (2)both表示“两者都”。 —Did you go to London or Paris last year? —We went to both. A week in London and two weeks in Paris. (3)either表示“(两者中)任何一个”。 He had lost his temper and his health in the war and never found either of them again. (4)neither表示“(两者)都不”。 I tried two different methods，yet neither of them seemed to work very well. 5．each和every的区别 (1)each和every都表示“每个”的意思，但each侧重个体，可作主语、宾语、定语和同位语。every侧重全体，相当于汉语的“每个都”，在句中只作定语。 The tickets each cost ten dollars.(同位语) Every dog has his day.(定语) (2)each代指两个或两个以上的人/物，而every需指三个或三个以上的人/物。 Each of the two has won a prize. Every Chinese is pleased at the news. 6．few，little和a few，a little的区别 few和little表示“很少的……”，含否定意义；而a few与a little表示“一些……”，含肯定意义。few和a few代替可数名词，little和a little代替不可数名词。在句中用作主语或宾语。 Of all the guests，he knows only a few. Few of them are famous. 【悟一悟→参透误区】 这组词更多用作形容词，在句中作定语。few与a few修饰复数可数名词；little，a little修饰不可数名词。 He has few friends and lives a lonely life. [学以致用] Ⅰ.用适当的代词填空 1．(2017·安徽高考)You can ask anyone for help.________ here is willing to lend you a hand. 2．(2017·江苏高考)Good families are much to all their members，but ________to none. 3．(2017·江西高考)—When shall I call，in the morning or afternoon? —________. I’ll be in all day. 4．(2017·江西高考)________can be good at something for 40 years if he doesn’t love it. 5．(2017·辽宁高考)To her joy，Della earned first the trust of her students and then________of her colleagues. 6．(2017·山东高考)I’ve lived in New York and Chicago，but don’t like________of them very much. 7．(2017·陕西高考)Although Rosemary had suffered from a serious illness for years，she lost________of her enthusiasm for life. 8．(2017·四川高考)The traffic on the main streets has a longer green signal than________on the small ones. 9．(2017·天津高考)At our factory there are a few machines similar to________described in this magazine. 10．(2017·重庆高考)Recycling is one way to protect the environment；reusing is________． 11．(2017·浙江高考)Half of________surveyed in 16 countries say they go first to their closest friend to share their deepest wishes and darkest fears. 12．(2017·江苏高考)Sophia waited for a reply，but________came. 13．(2017·新课标全国卷)Larry asks Bill and Peter to go on a picnic with him，but________of them wants to，because they have work to do. 14．(2017·江西高考)My brother would like to buy a good watch but________was available from that shop. 15．(2017·浙江高考)Studying Wendy’s menu，I found that many of the items are similar to________of McDonald’s. 16．(2017·上海高考)When he took his gloves off，I noticed that________one had his name written inside. 答案 1.Everyone 2.everything 3.Either 4.Nobody 5.that 6.either 7.none 8.that 9.those 10.another 11．those 12.none 13.neither 14.none 15.those 16.each
Ⅱ.语篇填空(在下列空格中填入适当的代词) Ancient China was a place where states were often at war with 1.________．But 2.________was also a time when there were many great philosophers. Confucius (孔子) is the philosopher 3.________influence has been the greatest. He stressed the importance of kindness，duty and order in society.
Mencius (孟子) was a thinker whose teachings were very similar to 4.________of Confucius.Mencius believed that the reason why man is different from animals is that man is good.He thought that if the government was kind，then people would be good. He believed that people were more important than rulers，and hated the state when 5.________treated people badly. Mozi (墨子) was 6.________teacher who was very influential. Born in 476 BC，he came from a family 7.________was very poor. He became famous for 8.________unusual clothes and behaviour. He founded the philosophy called Mohism.Mozi believed that all men were equal.He thought that we should love all human beings and look after 9.________who are weaker than 10.________． 答案 1.each other 2.it 3.whose 4.those 5.it 6．another 7.that 8.his 9.those 10.ourselves 三、it的用法 1．it指代前面所提到过的事情、事物；婴儿或身份不明的人，未指明但谈话双方都明白的事情或情况。 —I’ve broken a plate. —It (＝ Breaking the plate) doesn’t matter.(指前面所提到过的事情) The Parkers bought a new house but it will need a lot of work before they can move in.(指双方都明白的事情) Look at the baby. Isn’t it lovely？(指人们对其性别还不太在意的婴儿) 2．it用作形式主语或形式宾语，而把真正的主语或宾语放在后面，真正的主语或宾语往往由从句、动名词或不定式充当。 It worries me that he keeps changing his mind. Susan made it clear to me that she wished to make a new life for herself.(2017·山东高考) As far as I’m concerned，it’s no use arguing with him.He won’t change his mind. 3．有些动词或动词＋介词后面接it，再加从句，构成固定结构。这类动词或动词＋介词有：enjoy，prefer，love，like，hate，dislike，appreciate，have，take，put，help，see to，rely on等。 I dislike it when I am left alone to start a conversation with a stranger. They would appreciate it，to be frank，if the goods could be delivered as soon as possible. How can I help it if people don’t read the instructions? [学以致用] Ⅰ.用 it，one，the one填空 1．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)Sarah made________to the airport just in time to catch her plane this morning. 2．(2017·辽宁高考)If you’re buying today’s paper from the stand，could you get________for me? 3．(2017·陕西高考)No matter where he is，he makes________a rule to go for a walk before breakfast. 4．(2011·福建高考)We have various summer camps for your holidays. You can choose________based on your own interests. 5．(2011·天津高考)We feel________our duty to make our country a better place. 6．(2011·重庆高考)—Silly me！I forget what my luggage looks like. —What do you think of________over there? 7．(2011·山东高考)The two girls are so alike that strangers find________difficult to tell one from the other. 8．(2017·陕西高考)I’d appreciate ________ if you could let me know in advance whether or not you will come. 9．(2017·浙江高考)An average of just 18.75 cm of rain fell last year，making ________ the driest year since California became a state in 1850. 10．(2017·大纲全国)—Who’s that at the door? —________is the milkman. 答案 1.it 2.one 3.it 4.one 5.it 6.the one 7.it 8.it 9.it 10.It Ⅱ.语篇填空(在下列空格中填入适当的代词) My friend Tony and I always walk home together after school，for 1.________live in the same block and 2.________of us go in for football. One afternoon on 3.________way home，we were about to say goodbye when we heard a loud shout behind 4.________．As we looked around to see what had happened，we found a middleaged woman lying on the ground，bleeding.We soon realized that
5.________had been knocked down by the black car in front of her.We hurried to help 6.________，but a man with dark glasses came over and tried to prevent Tony and 7.________from getting closer to the wounded woman.So we got very angry with the man.How could 8.________stop us from helping a dying woman？The man asked us to turn around and we were surprised to see 9.________man carrying a video camera on 10.________shoulder.They were just shooting a film! 答案 1.we 2.both 3.our 4.us 5.she 6.her 7．me 8.he 9.another 10.his 专题七 代词和it的用法 一、代词
1．人称代词
人称代词的主格在句中作主语，宾格作宾语或表语。 They like him. 主格(作主语) I you he she 宾格(作宾语、表语) me you him her 主格(作主语) it we you they 宾格(作宾语、表语) it us you them 【悟一悟→参透误区】 在非正式英语尤其是口语中，人称代词作表语时常可用其宾格形式代替主格。在比较状语从句中，有时也可用宾格代替主格(尤其是其后跟有同位语“all”时)。 —Who is it? —It’s me. He is taller than I (或 me)． He is taller than us all. 若可能引起误解，就不能用宾格代替主格。试比较： He loves you more than I．(他比我更爱你。) He loves you more than me.(他爱你比爱我更多。) 2．物主代词
(1)形容词性物主代词只能用作定语，必须与名词连用。如：his pen，our books。 形容词性(作定语) my your his her 名词性(作主语、表语、宾语) mine yours his hers 形容词性(作定语) its our your their 名词性(作主语、表语、宾语) its ours yours theirs (2)“形容词性物主代词＋own”常用来强调“某人自己的”，其后可跟名词。 Don’t use my pen.Why not use your own (pen)? I want a car of my own. (3)“of＋名词性物主代词(或名词所有格)”构成双重所有格形式。如：a friend of mine。
3．反身代词 反身代词myself，yourself，himself，herself，itself，oneself，ourselves，yourselves，themselves可在句中作表语、宾语和同位语。 I am not quite myself today.(表语) He saw himself in the mirror.(宾语) I myself did it.(同位语) 4．相互代词 (1)相互代词each other和one another表示相互关系，两者差别不大，一般用作宾语。 Bill and Helen blamed each other. (2)each other和one another有所有格形式，可用作定语。 They looked into each other’s eyes for a silent moment. 5．指示代词 指示代词有this，that，these，those，it，such，same等。 (1)this，that，these，those的用法 ①作主语、宾语、表语和定语。this (these)常代指时间和空间上较近的人或物；而that (those)常代指时间和空间上较远的人或物。 This is my book and that is hers. ②this (these)常指后文将要提及的事物；that (those)常指前文已提及的事物。 Now hear this.Meeting of all students on the playground in ten minutes! He didn’t come.That is why he didn’t know. ③that和those常可用来代指前文提及的内容，以免重复。 The life in Japan is different from that in America. ④this和that有时可表示“程度”，作状语，相当于so。 I don’t want that much. (2)such的用法 可用作主语、宾语、补语和定语。用作定语修饰单数可数名词时，不定冠词a(n)放在such之后。 Such is life./He is such a kind man. (3)same的用法 可用作定语、宾语、表语、状语等，常与定冠词连用。 It’s the same kind of work，just a different department. 6．疑问代词 用于引导特殊疑问句。who，whom，whose用于指人；which和what可指人或物。 (1)who通常作主语和表语，whom作宾语。在口语中，常用who代替whom，但如果前面有介词，则仍需用whom。 Who is he？(表语，问姓名) By whom was the book written？(介词宾语) 试比较： Who is he？(问姓名或关系) What is he？(问职业或地位) (2)what，which均可作主语、宾语或定语。 试比较： What sport do you like best？(不定范围的选择) Which sport do you like better，football or volleyball？(确定范围的选择) (3)whose可用作定语或表语。 Whose dictionary is this？(定语) 7．关系代词 关系代词有who，whom，whose，which，that，as等，用于引导从句。 I like the book that was written by Shi Naian. [学以致用] Ⅰ.用适当的代词填空 1．The cost of renting a house in central Xi’an is higher than________in any other area of the city. 2．He is________a kind boy that he is always ready to help others. 3．The population of China is larger than________of Japan. 4．________should take over the work? 5．________is Tom？Is he a teacher? 6．________do you like better，English or Chinese? 7．As classmates，we should help________． 8．Is this the________book as yours? 答案 1.that 2.such 3.that 4.Who 5.What 6．Which 7.each other 8.same
Ⅱ.语篇填空(在下列空格中填入适当的代词) An old man and his son were taking a donkey to the market.The man rode the donkey and the son walked behind 1.________. A man saw them and asked the son why 2.________wasn’t riding the donkey.T hen the father let 3.________ride it.4.________man saw them and told 5.________that they should 6.________ride the donkey.So 7.________both got on it.A woman who saw them said，“Tell 8.________，why are you both riding that poor animal？
9.________looks so weak and tired.10.________are so cruel！”Then，the father and son got off the donkey and started carrying it across a bridge.When they were halfway across the bridge，the donkey struggled loose and fell into the river. 答案 1.it/them 2.he 3.him 4.Another 5.them 6.both 7.they 8.me 9.It 10.You 二、不定代词 1．another，the other，other，others的区别 (1)another“又一；再一；另一”，泛指三者或三者以上的人或物中的“另一个”。 I felt so bad all day yesterday that I decided this morning I couldn’t face another day like that. Give me another ten minutes and I will complete the task. (2)the other表示两者中的“另一个”或两部分中的“另一部分”，是特指，常用于one...the other...。 I’ll spend half of my holiday practising English and the other half learning drawing.(2010·新课标全国卷) (3)other作前置定语，表示“另外的”。 We study Chinese，maths，English and other lessons. (4)others作代词，泛指“其他人”或“其他物”。 In some countries，people eat with chopsticks，while in others，knives and forks.(2017·福建高考) Some are singing and dancing，some are drawing，others are climbing the hill.