2016届高考英语一轮复习课件：第二部分 语法专项专练专题六 数词与主谓一致(北师大版)

　　(2)某些集体名词(如：family，team，audience，class，committee，crowd，government，group，party，public等)作主语时，若作为一个整体看待，谓语用单数；若指集体中所有的成员时，谓语用复数。 Her family is small，but the family are advanced workers. (3)以­s结尾的名词(如：学科名词politics，不可数名词news，或单复数同形的means，works等)，要分清其数的关系，才可决定其谓语的单复数形式。 Physics seems to be very difficult to many girl students. Different means of transport are available in the city. (4)none，some，all，the rest，half等作主语时，谓语动词根据其所指意义决定单复数。 The rest of the story was dull and all the students were bored. [学以致用] 用所给动词的适当形式填空 1．(2017·湖南高考)All we need________(be)a small piece of land where we can plant various kinds of fruit trees throughout the growing seasons of the year. 2．Not only I but also Jane and Mary________(be) tired of having one examination after another. 3．Nodding head________(mean) agreement. 4．The Times________(publish) in the United States，which________(be) one of the most developed countries in the world. 5．My brother is one of the students who________(choose) to join the force. 6．This is because two thirds of the earth’s surface________(be) made up of vast oceans. 7．A great number of students in this school________(be) League members. 8．The total number of the population in China________(be) about 1，320 million. 9．Between the two rows of trees________(stand) the teaching building. 10．Mary，as well as her sisters，________(study) Chinese in China now. 答案　1.is　2.are　3.means　4.is published；is　5.have been chosen　6.is　7.are　8.is　9.stands　10.is studying

　　专题六　数词与主谓一致 一、数词 1．基数词 (1)注意几个不规则的基数词的写法。如：eleven，twelve，thirteen，fifteen，twenty，thirty，forty，fifty等。 (2)注意英语中的数量以三位为一个单位，一般对应阿拉伯数字的写法每三位加一个逗号，分别是thousand，million和billion。如：ten thousand＝10，000；one hundred million＝100，000，000。 (3)数词hundred，thousand，million，billion，dozen，score表示确切数目时不加­s，但若表示不确切数目时，要用复数形式，与of构成短语。如：一万：ten thousand；成千上万的：tens of thousands of；两打鸡蛋：two dozen eggs。 (4)年代表达方式有两种写法。如：20世纪90年代：in the 1990s或in the 1990’s。

　　2．序数词 (1)序数词前面一般加the，多数序数词由基数词加­th构成。如：the fifteenth；以y结尾的基数词变化时，先把y改成i，再加­eth。如：twentieth。注意几个不规则的序数词的写法。如：first，second，third，fifth，eighth，ninth，twelfth等。

　　(2)序数词常可缩写，其形式为阿拉伯数字加序数词的最后两个字母。如：1st，2nd，3rd，4th，21st，22nd，23rd，24th。 3．小数 小数点用point表示，小数点后的数用个位基数词表示。如：0.567—zero point five six seven。 4．分数 分子用基数词，分母用序数词，如果分子大于1，分母须加­s。如：1/5—one fifth/one­fifth；3/4—three fourths/three­fourths。 5．百分数 百分号用percent(per cent)或%表示。如：19.56%—nineteen point five six percent。 6．倍数表达法 (1)倍数＋as＋形容词/副词(原级)＋as。 This bridge is three times as long as that one. (2)倍数＋形容词或副词的比较级＋than。 This bridge is three times longer than that one. (3)倍数＋the size/length/weight...＋of＋表示比较对象的 This bridge is three times the length of that one. (4)倍数＋what引导的从句。 The college is twice what it was 5 years ago. (5)倍数＋that＋of＋表示比较对象。 The money he earns is three times that of hers. [学以致用] 用适当的词填空或完成句子 1．Two________(five) of the land in that district is covered with trees and grass. 2．It is not rare in the________(90) that people in their________(fifty) are going to university for further education. 3．It took us quite a long time to get there.It was______________________(三小时的旅程)． 4．He lived in____________________(5楼的506房)． 5．About______________(3千人) took part in the demonstration against the war on Iraq. 6．It is reported that only____________________________(十分之三) of the American people think that the war is going on successfully. 7．About________________________(百分之七十的志愿者) are from universities. 8．Jack’s salary is $5，000 a month，which is________________________________(John的三倍)． 答案　1.fifths　2.90s；fifties　3.a three­hour journey 4．Room 506 on the fifth floor　5.three thousand people 6．three­tenths　7.seventy percent of the volunteers　 8．three times the amount of John’s/three times as much as John’s

　　二、主谓一致 　主谓一致是指谓语动词在人称和数方面需和主语保持一致。主谓一致主要遵循语法形式一致、意义一致以及就近一致三个原则。 1．句子谓语用单数的情况 (1)单数名词或代词、不可数名词、动词不定式或动词­ing形式或单个从句等作主语时。 To go swimming is helpful for shaping your body. 【悟一悟→参透误区】 what引导的名词性从句作主语时，若表语是复数形式，则谓语动词用复数。 (2)由and连接的两个名词若表示单一概念时。 A knife and fork is what you need when having a meal. (3)由and连接的并列单数主语前有every，each，no，many a时。 Each man and each woman was asked to give a performance at the party. (4)表示时间、重量、距离、长度、价格、金额、体积等名词的复数作主语或主语部分是一个算式时。 To me，20，000 dollars is not a small sum of money. One plus one is/equals two. (5)each，everyone，everybody，everything，someone，somebody，something，anyone，anybody，anything，no one，nobody，nothing等不定代词作主语时。 Everyone has his own interest. Nothing is impossible to a willing heart. (6)one (every one，any one，either，neither，each one，each)＋of＋名词复数时。 One of the guests in the party is from South Africa. Every one of us likes the novel. (7)more than one/a＋单数名词作主语，尽管从意义上看是复数，但谓语须用单数形式。 More than one student was chosen to compete in the contest. 2．句子谓语用复数的情况 (1)某些集体名词(如：people，police，staff，cattle等)作主语时，谓语通常用复数。 The police are searching the woods for the lost child. (2)由and，both... and连接两个并列主语时。 What he says and what he does do not agree. Both the president and the prime minister have attended the lecture. (3)当主语是clothes，trousers，shorts，shoes，jeans，glasses，scissors，compasses等只有复数形式的名词时。 My trousers have been washed already. 【悟一悟→参透误区】 若这类名词前有pair of修饰时，其谓语动词的单复数取决于pair的单复数形式。 (4)“the＋形容词/过去分词”结构(如：the dead/old/rich/injured/unemployed等)多指某一类人。主语由该结构充当时，谓语动词一般用复数。 The blind were given aids by the volunteers outside the theatre. 【悟一悟→参透误区】 该结构也有表示一类事物的情况，此时谓语动词用单数。 The old always gives way to the new. 3．就近一致的情况 (1)在there be结构中。 There is a pen and three books on the desk. (2)当or，either...or，neither...nor，whether...or，not only...but also...等连词连接两个并列主语时。 Not only his brothers but also he is good at painting. 4．其他情况 (1)主语后面有as well as，rather than，with，together with，along with，like，but，except等插入成分，谓语的数与主语保持一致。 The Smiths，together with their daughter，are to arrive on the evening flight. Nobody but three students was in the laboratory at that time.