【3年高考2年模拟】2016届高三英语一轮复习课件 语法专练二 并列句和状语从句

　　When/While/As I was walking down the street,I came across an old friend of mine. 当沿大街行走时,我碰巧遇到了我的一个老朋友。 二、as soon as,immediately,directly,instantly,the moment,the minute,the in- stant,no sooner...than...,hardly/scarcely...when...和once(一……就……) 这些从属连词引导的从句都表示从句的动作一发生,主句的动作随即就 发生,常译为“一……就……”。如: The moment I heard the voice,I knew father was coming. 我一听到那个声音,我就知道父亲来了。 No sooner had we arrived at the station than the train left. 我们一到车站,火车就离站了。 The boy burst into tears immediately he saw his mother. 那个男孩一见到他妈妈便放声大哭。 注意:no sooner...than...;hardly/scarcely...when...这一结构的时态搭配:no sooner与hardly/scarcely引导的句子的谓语动词应用过去完成时,而than与 when引导的句子的谓语动词应用一般过去时。此外,当把no sooner和 hardly/scarcely提到句首时,应用倒装语序。如: I had hardly got home when it began to rain.

　　Hardly had I got home when it began to rain. 我一到家天就下起雨来。 三、till,until和not...until 1.肯定句:主句的谓语动词必须是延续性动词的肯定式,意为“某动作一 直延续到某时间点才停止”。如: He remained there until/till she arrived. 他在那里一直等到她来。 You may stay here until/till the rain stops. 你可以在这里待到雨停。 2.否定句:主句的谓语动词必须是非延续性动词,意为“某动作直到某时 间才开始”。如: He won’t go to bed till/until she returns. 直到她回来他才睡。 3.till不可以置于句首,而until可以。如: Until you told me I had no idea of it. 4.not...until句型中的强调和倒装用法: 直到你告诉我,我才知道这件事。 ①It was not until you told me that I had any idea of it.(强调句型) ②Not until you told me did I have any idea of it.(not until置于句首,主句要 倒装) 四、before和since 1.若表达“还未……就……;不到……就……;……才……;还没来得及… …就……”时,需用连词before。如: We had sailed four days and four nights before we saw land. 我们航行了四天四夜才看到陆地。 We hadn’t run a mile before he felt tired. 我们跑了还不到一英里他就感觉累了。 Before I could get in a word,he had measured me. 我还没来得及插话,他就给我量好了尺寸。 2.before从句中谓语不用否定式。如: Before they reached the station,the train had gone. 他们到火车站前,火车已开走了。 3.It will be+一段时间+before...还要多久才……如: It will be half a year before I come back. 还得再过半年我才能回来。 It won’t be long before we meet again. 过不了多长时间我们就会再见面了。 4.since从句的谓语动词一般是非延续性动词,主句的谓语动词是延续性 的或者是反复发生过的动作。since从句的时态若是一般过去时,相应地, 主句中的时态是现在完成时或现在完成进行时。如: I have written home four times since I came here. 自从我来到这儿,我已经给家里写过四次信了。 She has been working in this factory since she left school. 她离开学校以后就一直在这个工厂工作。 5.在“It is+一段时间+since从句”句型中,时间的计算一律从since从句中 谓语动词所表示的动作完成或表示的状态结束时算起。如: It is three years since the war broke out. 自战争爆发以来有三年了。 It is three years since I smoked a cigar(=since I stopped smoking a cigar). 我不吸烟有三年了。 如果译成“我吸烟有三年了”,应为:It is three years since I began to smoke.

　　五、every time,each time,next time,the last time,any time等名词短语用来 引导时间状语从句,表示“每当……;每次……;下次……”等。如: Every/Each time I was in trouble,he would come to help me out. 每当我处于困境,他就会来帮助我。 Next time you come,do remember to bring your son here. 下次你来的时候,一定记着把你儿子带来。 The last time she saw James,he was lying in bed. 上次她看见詹姆斯的时候,他正躺在床上。 知识清单三　地点状语从句和原因状语从句 一、地点状语从句 1.引导地点状语从句的从属连词where,wherever指具体地点时,从句可位 于主句之前或之后;表示抽象条件的含义时,从句须放在主句之前。如: We should go where the Party needs us most. 我们应到党最需要我们的地方去。 You are free to go wherever you like. 你愿意去哪里就去哪里。 Wherever there is smoke,there is a fire. 无火不生烟。(无风不起浪。) 2.注意区分where引导的定语从句与状语从句: 你最好在有问题的地方做一下标记。 You’d better make a mark where you have any questions.(状语从句) You’d better make a mark at the place where you have any questions.(定 语从句) 二、原因状语从句 1.引导原因状语从句的从属连词有:because,as,since,now that,每个连词的 含义不尽相同。 区别项目 位置 内涵 语气 能否回答why 能否被强调 because(因为) 主句前或后 直接因果关系 强 能 能 as(由于) 主句前或后 双方都知道 的原因 弱 不能 不能 since/now that (既然) 主句前 如: I was absent from the meeting because I was ill. 因为我病了,所以我开会缺席了。 As it is raining,we shall not go to the park. 由于在下雨,我们不去公园了。 Now that/Since everybody is here,let’s begin our meeting. 既然大家都在,我们开始开会吧。 2.此外,when也可以表示原因,意为:since;considering that 既然;考虑到。 如: It was foolish of you to take a taxi when you could walk there in five minutes. 既然你步行5分钟能到那里,却打的,真够愚蠢的。

　　知识清单四　目的状语从句和结果状语从句 一、目的状语从句 引导目的状语从句的从属连词有:so that,in order that,for fear that,in case, lest等。 1.in order that与so that 两个连词都意为“以便……;为了……”,它们引导的状语从句中需用情 态动词。in order that比so that正式,引导的状语从句可置于主句之前或之 后,而so that引导的从句只能置于主句之后。如: I’ll speak slowly so that you can understand me. 我会慢慢说,以便你能懂。 In order that we might see the sunrise,we started for the peak early.为了能 看到日出,我们很早就出发去了山顶。 2.for fear that与in case 引导目的状语从句时,for fear that表示“害怕,担心”某事会发生;in case (that)表示“以防(万一)”出现某种情况。如: Mary didn’t want to get out of bed,for fear that she might wake her baby (up).玛丽不想起床,担心吵醒她的宝宝。 Take your raincoat,in case it rains. 带上雨衣吧,以防下雨。 二、结果状语从句 1.引导结果状语从句的从属连词有:so that,so...that...,such...that...在非正 式语体中,由so...that...,such...that...引导的句子中that可以省略,注意其结 构形式:     如:

　　Mike is such an honest worker that we all believe him. =Mike is so honest a worker that we all believe him. 迈克是一个如此诚实的工人,以至于我们都相信他。

　　It is such fine weather that we all want to go to the park. 天气如此晴朗,以至于我们都想去公园。 He earned so little money that he couldn’t support his family. 他挣这么少的钱,以至于养不起家。 当so或such置于句首时,主句要用倒装语序。如: So clever a student was he that he was able to work out all the difficult problems. 他是如此聪明的学生,以至于成功地解出了所有难题。 2.除结果状语从句外,too...to...(太……而不能……),enough to...(达到某种 程度可以……),so...as to...(那么……以至于……)等不定式结构同样可以 表示结果。如: 他起床太晚了,没有赶上那班公共汽车。 He didn’t get up early enough to catch the bus. =He got up too late to catch the bus. =He got up so late as to miss the bus. 知识清单五　条件状语从句和方式状语从句 一、条件状语从句 引导条件状语从句的从属连词有:if,unless(=if...not如果不;除非……;否则 ……),so/as long as(只要),in case(万一),on condition that(条件是),suppose/ supposing(假设,如果),provided/providing that(如果)等。如: You’ll fail the exam unless you study hard(=if you don’t study hard). 除非你努力学习,否则你考试会不及格。 As long as you don’t lose heart,you will succeed. 只要不灰心,你就会成功。

　　Suppose/Supposing(that)they refuse us,who else can we turn to for help? 假如他们拒绝了我们,我们还能求助于谁? In case there is a fire,what will we do first? 万一发生火灾,我们首先做什么? 二、方式状语从句 引导方式状语从句的从属连词有:as,as if,as though等。方式状语从句应 放在主句之后。其中as if或as though引导的从句一般用虚拟语气,但如果 从句中所陈述的情况很可能实现,也可用陈述语气。如: Do as you are told to,or you’ll be fired. 告诉你怎么做你就怎么做,否则你会被解雇。 The old lady treats the boy as if he were her own son. 这位老太太对待这个男孩就像他是她自己的儿子似的。 I feel as if I have a fever. 我感觉好像发烧了。 知识清单六　让步状语从句和比较状语从句 一、让步状语从句 1.although/though(尽管,虽然),even though/even if(即使)引导的让步状语 从句 although与though两者意思相同,一般可互换,都可以与yet,still或neverthe- less连用,但不能和but连用。如: He is unhappy,though/although he has a lot of money. 虽然他很有钱,但他并不幸福。 Although/Though it was raining hard,yet they went on playing football. 虽然雨下得很大,但他们还是继续踢足球。 Even though/if it is raining,we’ll go there.(陈述语气) 即使正在下雨,我们也要去那里。

　　Even if I were busy,I would go.(虚拟语气) 即使忙,我也得去。 注意:though还可用作副词,意为“可是,然而”,置于句末。如: He said he would come;he didn’t,though. 他说他会来,可是没有来。 2.as或though引导让步状语从句时倒装的情况 as或though引导从句一般放在主句之前,常用倒装语序。从句中的表 语、状语或动词原形置于句首。若表语是单数名词,前置时要省略冠 词。如: Child as/though he is,he knows a lot. 尽管他是孩子,但他懂得很多。 Much as/though I like it,I won’t buy it,for it’s too expensive. 虽然我很喜欢它,但不会买,因为它太贵了。 注意:though引导的从句也可以像as引导的从句一样用倒装语序,但是al- though引导的从句只能用正常语序。注意比较下面的说法: (√)Smart though/as she is,she doesn’t study hard. (√)Though she is smart,she doesn’t study hard. (√)Although she is smart,she doesn’t study hard. (×)Smart although she is,she doesn’t study hard. (×)As she is smart,she doesn’t study hard. 3.whether...or...(不管……还是……);疑问词+-ever与no matter+疑问词(不 管……;无论……)。如: Whether you believe it or not,it is true. 不管你相信与否,那都是真的。 Whatever(=No matter what)you say,he won’t believe you. 无论你说什么,他都不会相信你。 Whoever you are(=No matter who you are),you must obey the rules.无论你 是谁,你都要遵守规则。 注意:whoever,whatever,whomever,whichever还可以引导名词性从句。如: You can take whatever you like.(宾语从句) 你喜欢什么就可以拿什么。 4.when,while也可作从属连词,相当于although。如: Suddenly,she stopped short when she ought to have continued. 尽管她应该继续下去,她却突然停住了。 While I admit that there are problems,I don’t agree that they cannot be solved. 尽管我承认有问题存在,但我不同意说这些问题不能解决。 二、比较状语从句 参看专题二:形容词和副词的比较等级部分。 易混点总结　状语从句中的省略现象 一、时间状语从句中常见的省略形式 Don’t speak until spoken to.有人对你说话时你再说。 While in Beijing,I paid a visit to the Summer Palace. 在北京时,我参观了颐和园。 I prefer my milk a little sweetened whenever possible. 可能的话,我喜欢牛奶甜点儿。

　　As a young man,Abraham Lincoln was a storekeeper and a postmaster. 亚伯拉罕·林肯年轻时当过零售店店主和邮政所所长。 He often makes mistakes when speaking English. 说英语时他经常出错。 She always sings while doing her work. 她干活时总是唱歌。 二、条件状语从句中常见的省略形式 Come tomorrow if possible. 如果可能的话,就明天来吧。

　　If so,you must go back and get it. 如果这样的话,你必须回去把它拿来。 I’ll buy a TV set if necessary. 如有必要,我就买一台电视机。 The girl never gave in unless wrong. 这个女孩不会屈服的,除非她错了。

　　Unless repaired,the machine is of no use. 如果不修理,这台机器便毫无用处。 三、方式状语从句中常见的省略形式 Some flowers shut up at night as if(they did this in order)to sleep. 有些花夜间收拢,好像要睡觉一样。 She stood at the gate as if(she was)waiting for someone. 她站在门口好像在等人。 The woman teacher left the classroom silently as though(she was)angry. 这位女教师一言不发地离开教室,好像生气了。 The inspector looked round,as if(he was)in search of something. 这位稽查员四处看了看,好像在寻找什么。 四、其他状语从句中的省略形式

　　Though cold,he still wore a shirt. 天气虽然冷,但他仍然穿一件衬衫。 Being blind,he couldn’t see anything. =As he was blind,he couldn’t see anything. 他瞎了,什么东西也看不见。 Fill in the blanks with articles where necessary. 在需要的地方填上冠词。 考点清单 知识清单 栏目索引 考点清单 知识清单 栏目索引 课标卷外研版 英语 语法专练二　并列句和状语从句 高频考点一　while引导的并列句 while作并列连词时,表示前后的对比,意为“然而,而”。 典例    (2017课标·全国Ⅰ,32)There’s no way of knowing why one man makes an important discovery    another man,also intelligent,fails.  答案　while  解析　句意:没办法知道为什么有人能够有重大发现,而有的人同样聪明,却不能。while 在这里表示两种情况的对比。

　　考点清单 高频考点二　时间状语从句 1.before,since引导的时间状语从句 before引导的时间状语从句是高考中的考查热点。before引导的从句可 以从两个方面去理解:在……之前还有多久,在多久之后才……。since表 示从过去某个时间开始直到现在,从句中谓语动词用一般过去时,而主句 往往用现在完成时。 2.when,while和as的区别 while引导的动作必须是持续性的;when既可引导一个持续动作,也可引 导一个短暂动作;as引导时间状语从句表示主句和从句的动作同时进行, 意为“一边……一边……,随着……”。 3.注意下列词或短语引导的时间状语从句 (1)immediately,instantly,directly,the moment/minute/instant,no sooner... than...,hardly...when...(一……就……)等。 (2)every time,each time,next time,the last time,the first time(每当……,每次 ……,下一次……,最后一次……,第一次……)等。 4.till,until和not...until的区别 till,until表示:一直到……时,主句的谓语动词必须是延续性动词,主句和 从句都为肯定式,表示动作一直持续到某个时间。区别就是till不能置于 句首,而until可以置于句首。not...until中主句的谓语动词必须是非延续 性动词,从句为肯定式,表示动作直到某个时间才发生。 典例    (2017陕西,24)The young couple,who returned my lost wallet,left　         I could ask for their names.  答案　 before  解析　句意:那对年轻的夫妇归还了我丢失的钱包。我还没来得及问他 们的名字,他们就已经走了。根据语境可知,作者在问他们名字之前,他们 已经走了,故填before。 高频考点三　条件状语从句

　　典例　(2017江西,28)She says that she’ll have to close the shop     business improves.  答案　unless  解析　句意:她说如果生意还没有起色的话,就不得不把店关掉。根据 语境可知,此处应该是表达商店关门的条件,即if business doesn’t improve,故用unless(=if...not)。 条件状语从句的引导词 if(如果),unless(=if...not 如果不;除非……),so/as long as(只要),in case(万一),on condition that(条件是),suppose/suppos-ing(that)(假设,如果),provided that(如果) 高频考点四　让步状语从句

　　1.whether...or...(不管……还是……);疑问词+-ever与no matter+疑问词(不 管……;无论……)。 2.when,while也可作从属连词引导让步状语从句,相当于although。 典例    (2017江苏,21)Lessons can be learned to face the future,    history cannot be changed.  答案　though/although  解析　句意:虽然历史不能被改变,但是可以学习经验来面对未来。通过 分析可知设空处引导让步状语从句,所以填though/although “虽然,尽 管”。 高频考点五　地点状语从句

　　引导地点状语从句的引导词有:where,wherever。该考点主要是考查 where引导的地点状语从句和where引导的定语从句的区别。地点状语 从句是说明交代前面动词动作发生的地点,意为:……的地方。而where 引导的定语从句是修饰前面的先行词(名词),意为:在……上/中。 典例    (2017重庆,14)Half an hour later,Lucy still couldn’t get a taxi     the bus had dropped her.  答案　where  解析　句意:半个小时之后,露西在下公交车的地方仍然打不到出租车。 通过分析可知本句缺少引导地点状语从句的连词,所以填where。 高频考点六　原因/目的/结果状语从句 典例    (2017重庆,30)—Coach,can I continue with the training? —Sorry,you can’t     you haven’t recovered from the knee injury. 类别 引导词 原因状语从句 because,as,since,now that,seeing that/con- sidering that(考虑到) 目的状语从句 so that,in order that,for fear that(唯恐), lest(以免) 结果状语从句 so that,so...that...,such...that...  答案　as/because  解析　句意:——教练,我可以继续训练吗?——抱歉,不行,因为你膝盖 上的伤还没有恢复。考查原因状语从句,所以填as/because。 知识清单 知识清单一　并列句 一、句子的分类 句子  二、并列句的基本概念 并列句由两个或两个以上并列而又独立的简单句构成。在并列句中,这 些简单句常由并列连词连在一起。并列连词所连接的简单句被称为分 句。 三、常见的并列句

　　1.表示递进关系:常用的并列连词有and,not only...but also...,not...but... 等。如: He had plenty of money and he spent it freely. 他有足够的钱,可以随便花。 Not only did he speak more correctly,but also he spoke more easily.他不仅 说得更正确,而且说得更轻松。 2.表示选择关系:常用的并列连词有or,either...or...,otherwise 等。如: Either you are right,or I am. 要么你对,要么我对。 Don’t drive so fast,or/otherwise you’ll have an accident. 不要开那么快,否则你会出事的。 3.表示转折关系:常用的并列连词有but,yet,whereas,while等。如: Jane said she was ill,yet I saw her in the street just now. 简说她病了,但刚才我在街上看到了她。 Some men are rich,while/whereas others are poor. 一些人很富有,但其他人很贫穷。 4.表示因果关系:常用的并列连词有so,for。如: It must have rained last night for it is wet all over. 昨晚一定下雨了,因为到处都这么湿。 The shops were closed so I didn’t get any milk. 商店都关门了,所以我没买到牛奶。 5.when还可用作并列连词,其意义为“这时,那时”,相当于and at this/that time。常用于下列句式:①sb.was doing sth.when...②sb.was about to do/ going to do/on the point of doing sth.when...③sb.had just done sth.when... 如: We were having a meeting when someone broke in. 我们正在开会,这时突然有人闯了进来。 We were about to set off when it suddenly began to rain. 我们正打算动身,突然下起了雨。 6.while作为并列连词,意为“而,却”,表示对比。如: He likes pop music,while I am fond of folk music. 他喜欢流行音乐,而我喜欢民间音乐。 知识清单二　时间状语从句 一、when,while和as 1.when既可引导一个持续动作,也可引导一个短暂动作,可用于主句动作 和从句动作同时发生,也可用于从句动作先于主句动作发生。如:

　　When I lived there,I used to go to the seashore on Sundays. 我住在那里时,星期天常到海滨去。 When the film ended,the people went back. 电影一结束,看电影的人便回去了。 当when引导的时间状语从句为系表结构,而且其主语和主句的主语一致, 其表语又是一个名词时,就可以用由as引导的省略句来代替when引导的 从句。如:

　　As a young man(=When he was a young man), he was fond of hunting. 他年轻时喜欢打猎。 2.从属连词while引导的动作必须是持续性的,侧重主句动作和从句动作相对比。如: Please don’t talk so loud while others are working. 别人在工作时,请别高声谈话。 3.从属连词as可表示从句和主句的两个动作交替进行或同时完成,可译 为“一边……,一边……”或“随着……”。如: He hurried home,looking behind as he went. 他匆匆忙忙回家去,一边走一边回头望。 As time goes on,it’s getting warmer and warmer. 随着时间的推移,天气变得越来越暖和了。 4.如果主句表示的是短暂动作,而从句用延续性动词的进行时态表示在一段时间内正在进行的动作,此时when,while与as可互换使用。