湖南省邵东县2016高考英语单项选择和阅读理解精炼（6）
阅读理解。阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A,B,C或D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
Not all bodies of water are so evidently alive as the Atlantic Ocean，an Sshaped body of water covering 33 million square miles.The Atlantic has，in a sense，replaced the Mediterranean as the inland sea of Western civilization.Unlike real inland seas，which seem strangely still，the Atlantic is rich in oceanic liveliness.It is perhaps not surprising that its vitality has been much written about by ancient poets.
“Storm at Sea”，a short poem written around 700，is generally regarded as one of mankind's earliest artistic representations of the Atlantic.
When the wind is from the west
All the waves that cannot rest
To the east must thunder on
Where the bright tree of the sun
Is rooted in the ocean's breast.
As the poem suggests，the Atlantic is never dead and dull.It is an ocean that moves，impressively and endlessly.It makes all kinds of noise—it is forever thundering，boiling，crashing，and whistling.
It is easy to imagine the Atlantic trying to draw breath－perhaps not so noticeably out in midocean，but where it meets land，its waters bathing up and down a sandy beach.It mimics(模仿)nearly perfectly the steady breathing of a living creature.It is filled with symbiotic existences，too：unimaginable quantities of creatures，little and large alike，mix within its depths in a kind of oceanic harmony，giving to the waters a feeling of heartbeat，a kind of subocean vitality.And it has a psychology.It has personalities：sometimes peaceful and pleasant，on rare occasions rough and wild；always it is strong and striking.
．Unlike real inland seas，the Atlantic Ocean is ________.
A．always energetic
B．lacking in liveliness
C．shaped like a square
D．favored by ancient poets
解析 细节理解题。从第一段中的“Unlike real inland seas，which seem strangely still，the Atlantic is rich in oceanic liveliness.”可知，liveliness(精力充沛，活跃)与energetic近义，故答案为A项。
答案 A．What is the purpose of using the poem “Storm at Sea” in the passage?
A．To describe the movement of the waves.
B．To show the strength of the storm.
C．To represent the power of the ocean.
D．To prove the vastness of the sea.
解析 推理判断题。从诗歌下面的一段“As the poem suggests，the Atlantic is never dead and dull.It is an ocean that moves，impressively and endlessly.It makes all kinds of noise－it is forever thundering，boiling，crashing，and whistling.”可知，这首诗主要向我们描述了海洋的强大力量。
答案 C．What does the underlined word “symbiotic” mean?
A．Living together.
B．Growing fast.
C．Moving harmoniously.
D．Breathing peacefully.
解析 词义猜测题。划线单词所在的句子后边用了冒号，后边的内容是对前边句子的解释，从下文“unimaginable quantities of creatures，little and large alike，mix within its depths in a kind of oceanic harmony”中的mix within等字眼可知，划线单词意为“共生的”，故A项符合要求。
答案 A．In the last paragraph，the Atlantic is compared to ________.
A．a beautiful and poetic place
B．a flesh and blood person
C．a wonderful world
D．a lovely animal
解析 推理判断题。从最后一句“It has personalities：sometimes peaceful and pleasant，on rare occasions rough and wild；always it is strong and striking.”中可以看出，大西洋有个性：有时安静，有时野蛮等，把这些用来描绘人的词汇用来描写大西洋，所以此处把大西洋比喻成了一个有血有肉的人。
答案 BA,B,C或D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
“Experience may possibly be the best teacher,but it is not a particularly good teacher.” You might think that Winston Churchill or perhaps Mark Twain spoke those words,but they actually come from James March,a professor at Stanford University and a pioneer in the field of organizational decision making. For years March(possibly the wisest philosopher of management)has studied how humans think and act,and he continues to do so in his new bookThe Ambiguities of Experience.
He begins by reminding us of just how firmly we have been sticking to the idea of experiential learning:“Experience is respected;experience is sought;experience is explained.” The problem is that learning from experience involves(涉及)serious complications(复杂化),ones that are part of the nature of experience itself and which March discusses in the body of this book.
In one interesting part of the book,for example,he turns a doubtful eye toward the use of stories as the most effective way of experiential learning. In our efforts to make stories interesting,he argues,we lose part of the complicated truth of things. He says “The more accurately(精确地)reality is presented,the less understandable the story,and the more understandable the story,the less realistic it is.”
Besides being a broadly knowledgeable researcher,March is also a poet,and his gift shines through in the depth of views he offers and the simple language he uses. Though the book is short,it is demanding:Don’t pick it up looking for quick,easy lessons. Rather,be ready to think deeply about learning from experience in work and life.
1. According to the text,James March is .
A. a poet who uses experience in his writing
B. a teacher who teaches story writing in university
C. a researcher who studies the way humans think and act
D. a professor who helps organizations make important decisions
2. According to James March,experience .
A. is overvalued
B. is easy to explain
C. should be actively soughtD. should be highly respected
3. What can we learn from Paragraph 3?
A. Experience makes stories more accurate.
B. Stories made interesting fail to fully present the truth.
C. The use of stories is the best way of experiential learning.
D. Stories are easier to understand when reality is more accurately described.
4. What’s the purpose of this text?
A. To introduce a book.
B. To describe a researcher.
C. To explain experiential learning.
D. To discuss organizational decision making.
【参考答案】1-4 CABA
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。
【2017界广东省湛江市二模】
Dave Bruno works as an online marketing manager. Several years ago, one weekend Bruno and his family did a major house cleanup and then donated several bags of unneeded items to the local Goodwill store. “After all were done, I looked around and realized that I still had too much stuff”， says Bruno, “It occurred to me that maybe I wanted to lead a simple life but in reality I behaved differently.” That realization prompted the 39-year-old father of three to try an experiment, “The 100 Thing Challenge”.
With the goal of breaking free of what he calls a “bad habit of consumerism…Bruno was determined to live for one year with just 100 personal items. He cut down his possessions to 94 items, including a Bible, laptop, guitar, wedding ring, car and clothes. He created some guidelines for the experiment since his wife and daughters did not participate-family-shared and household items did not count as personal items. He also grouped together some basic things such as underwear and socks. Bruno began blogging about his new lifestyle and eventually wrote a book, The 100 Thing Challenge: How I Got Rid of Almost Everything, Remade My Life, and Regained My Soul.
Since completing the experiment, Bruno has continued to live by the motto: reduce, refuse, and rearrange and maintains just 110 personal things. “ Nearly three years of living with a minimal amount of personal possessions, I’m no longer in the habit of consuming for the sake of consumption(消费)，” he wrote in his blog last week, “That has freed me up for all sorts of better endeavors than shopping—like spending time with family and writing a book and planning for business opportunities.”
Bruno’s project has also inspired others to live minimally, many of whom post their own 100 Thing Challenge updates on YouTube. “The reality is that the 100 Thing Challenge is surprisingly easy”， sBruno, “
I
’m
not saying there were no challenges or disappointments. I miss some things, but not that much. Frankly, it’s far easier to live with less stuff than with excessive trash.”
31. What does the underlined sentence mean in Paragraph 1?
A. Bruno regretted to have an easy life.
B. Bruno had a special behavior in reality,
C. Bruno and his family led a happy life.
D. Bruno would have liked a life with fewer items.
【】The 100 Thing Challenge可知Bruno想用更少的东西在日常生活中，故选D。
32. The things were included in Bruno’s 94 items EXCEPT _____.
A. socks
B. a Bible
C. cookers
D. a wedding ring
【】
【解析】He cut down his possessions to 94 items, including a Bible, laptop, guitar, wedding ring, car and clothes.只有炊具33. It can be inferred in the last paragraph that _____.
A. it is less possible for people to live simply
B. Bruno met some difficulties in the experiment
C. many people were inspired to update their blogs
D. getting rid of the habit of over-consumption is easy
【】【解析】I
’m
not saying there were no challenges or disappointments可知Bruno在实验中也遇到了一些困难，故选B。
34. What can we learn from the passage?
A. Bruno hasn’t blogged for a long time.
B. Unneeded things should be thrown away.
C. Bruno has succeeded in the experiment.
D. The family show interest in the experiment.
【】【解析】Bruno’s project has also inspired others to live minimally可推知有人愿意去效仿这说明Bruno的实验成功了，故选C。
35. What is the best title for the passage?
A. Live with 100 Things
B. Defeat 100 Challenges in Life
C. Survive by Your Motto D. Consume for Consumption’s Sake
【】【解析】Bruno做实验用100项的生活用品来进行简朴的生活，故选A。
2017高考英语（附解析答案）
Ⅰ.单项填空
1．________two exams to worry about，I have to work really hard this weekend.
A．With
B．Besides
C．As for
D．Because of
解析 with＋宾语＋宾补，作原因状语。
答案 A
2．—Do you know about the accident?
—It was Tom rather than his two younger sisters who________injured in the car accident.
A．wasB．were
C．has been D．have been
解析 考查时态及主谓一致。句意为：——你了解这起事故吗？——是汤姆而不是他的两个妹妹在车祸中受伤了。根据句意可知题干叙述的是发生在过去的事情，要用过去时态，又因强调句强调的是Tom而不是his two younger sisters，所以谓语动词要用单数。
答案 A
3．Washing machines made in China have won________worldwide attention and Haier has become________popular name.
A．a；the
B．/；a C．/；the
D．the；a
解析 第一空为不可数名词，并且表示泛指所以不用冠词；第二空是指海尔变成了一个很受欢迎的名字表示泛指用a。
答案 B
4．The international agreement，________encourage children not to smoke and help people kick the habit，was signed on February 27.
A．intending to
B．being intended to
C．intended to
D．to intend to
解析 intended to相当于which was intended to...。
答案 C
5．Only when they hadn’t heard from her for a long time________to doubt whether something bad had happened to her.
A．they began B．did they begin
C．they had begun D．had they begun
解析 句意为：仅仅当他们很长时间没有收到她的来信时，他们才开始怀疑她是否发生了什么不好的事情。“only＋状语从句”放在句首时，句子的主谓部分要进行部分倒装；D项用了过去完成时，表示begin的动作发生在主句谓语的动作之前，显然不合逻辑，所以排除D，故选B。
答案 B
6．We have to learn to live with all kinds of pressure at times although we are leading a________life in modern society.
A．competitive
B．comfortable
C．stressful
D．miserable
解析 competitive竞争(性)的；好竞争的；comfortable舒适的；安逸的；stressful有压力的；miserable痛苦的；极小的。
答案 B
7．Out________，still discussing the fashion show with great interest.
A．walked a crowd of young girls
B．did a crowd of young girls walk
C．were walking a crowd of young girls
D．a crowd of young girls were walking
解析 考查倒装结构。当out, in, away, there, here等副词位于句首时，且主句为名词时，常构成全部倒装。该句的正常语序是：a crowd of young girls walked out, ...。
答案 A
8．We should not________and laugh at those who have no homes to shelter from the rain and wind.Instead，we should be sympathetic of them.
A．look forward to
B．think highly of
C．pay attention to
D．look down upon
解析 考查短语辨析。A项“盼望”；B项“高度评价”；C项“注意”；D项“蔑视；瞧不起”。句意：我们不应当蔑视和嘲笑那些没有遮风挡雨的家的人们，而是应该同情他们。
答案 D
9．The teacher suggested the dictionary________at once.
A．be referred to be bought
B．be referred to being bought
C．referred to be bought
D．referred to being bought
解析 referred to为过去分词短语用作后置定语，相当于定语从句which was referred to。suggest后的宾语从句的谓语动词用“should＋动词原形”结构，should可以省略；该句中dictionary与buy之间存在被动关系，应用被动语态，即用(should)be bought。
答案 C
10．I left school two years ago.But when I________my school days，it seems as if they were a century ago.
A．look forward to
B．look out of
C．look down upon
D．look back upon
解析 考查动词短语辨析。句意：两年前我离开学校，但是当我回想起学校生活时，感觉好像一个世纪之前似的。look back upon“回想”，符合句意。
答案 D
11．—Everybody knows smoking is harmful to health，but still so many people smoke.
—Exactly！So our country is planning to start a________against smoking.
A．war B．campaign
C．motion D．struggle
解析 考查名词辨析。A项的意思是“战争”；B项的意思是“运动”；C项的意思是“提议”；D项的意思是“斗争”。显然只有B项符合答语的句意，即“的确！所以我们国家正在计划开展一项戒烟运动”。
答案 B
12．Twothirds of the money________on food and drinks for the homeless people in Japan.
A．were spent
B．was spent
C．has spent
D．had spent
解析 此题考查主谓一致。money与spend之间为被动关系，故排除C、D选项；时间，金钱作主语时谓语动词常用单数，故B项正确。
答案 B
13．We had wanted to finish our task by noon，but it didn't quite________.
A．find out
B．give out
C．hand out
D．work out
解析 本题考查短语动词辨析。句意：我们原本想中午前完成任务，但是结果并不如愿。find out发现；give out分发；用尽；hand out分发；work out发展，产生结果。根据句意，work out为正确选项。
答案 D
14．Lucy has________all of the goals she set for herself in high school and is ready for new challenges at university.
A．acquired
B．finished
C．concluded
D．achieved
解析 本题考查固定搭配。achieve one's goals意为“实现目标”。
答案 D
15．You can’t predict everything.Often things don’t________as you expect.
A．run out B．break out
C．work out D．put out
解析 考查动词短语辨析。句意为：你不可能预知一切，往往事情并不如你所愿。run out用完，耗尽；break out爆发；work out产生结果，发展；put out熄灭。
答案 C