湖南省邵东县2016高考英语单项选择和阅读理解精炼（11）
阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A,B,C或D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
An international business specialist group has announced that the move towards a green economy is becoming more urgent for emerging economies(新兴经济体)，especially South Africa.
On Monday，Innovation Group announced that green economic policies were becoming increasingly important on the global landscape and for emerging economies.
According to Pule Mokoena，from Innovation Group，experts believe the adoption of these green policies will assist with“ailing(不景气的)economies”．“The move to a green economy，such as the adoption of alternative energy solutions，should be adopted by economies and countries.”
Mokoena's comments came as Greenpeace Africa called on the South African government to review its decision to include nuclear energy into the country's energy plan.
In order to avoid all energy crisis in the country，the_energy_mix_had_to_be_diversified，including broadening energy carriers to include gas，nuclear，biomass，renewable(wind，solar and hydro)，as well as the efficient use of the existing resources，such as coal.
For this reason，nuclear energy will account for 23 percent of South Africa's energy needs，followed by coal at 15 percent，hydro at six percent，gas six percent，turbines six percent and renewable energy 42 percent.
However，Pule said there are other options for South Africa's energy needs.
“Too many companies are focusing on the costs of green policies，rather than focusing on the long－term benefits，”explained Mokoena.
Nobel economics winner Joseph Stiglitz and the former World Bank chief economist agree with Mokoena and believe that the need to switch to green technology should be seen as an opportunity and not as a burden.
When in South Africa earlier this year，Stiglitz said a switch to green technology would stimulate demand for a range of goods and services，which would have a beneficial impact on the aftermath of the global recession.
He urged policymakers not to be held back by short－term perspectives.
Innovation Group has already developed a reliable alternate energy solution，which the company believes will change the landscape of this emerging market and other companies will follow suite and offer renewable energy solutions for emerging economies.
“We are quickly becoming an industry leader in this space thanks to our in－house expert knowledge on the various SWH technologies available and the application of our Business Process Outsourcing Solutions，which allow for the mass roll－out of these technologies on a national scale.We are proud to be an active part of the solution to the current energy crisis and plan to become a major force in the drive towards sustainability and good environmental practice，”Pule said.
【语篇解读】 像南非这样的新兴经济体经历了经济的快速发展之后会面临能源危机，而走绿色发展道路是唯一的出路。
．Which of the following is the best title for this text?
A．Advantages of Green Energy
B．Green Policies Vital for Emerging Economies
C．Potential Energy Crisis for Emerging Economies
D．How to Develop Green Energy
解析 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲的是像南非这样的新兴经济体会在发展中遇到能源危机，因此走绿色发展道路显得很重要，政府应在这方面出台相应的政策。故B项作为本文的标题最合适。
答案 B
．The underlined part “the energy mix had to be diversified”in Paragraph 5 implies ________.
A．energy had to be classified
B．different kinds of energy had to be mixed
C．a variety of energy had to be developed and used
D．a mixture of various energy was essential
解析 句意理解题。根据下文的“including broadening energy carriers to include gas，nuclear，biomass，renewable energy(wind，solar and hydro)，as well as the efficient use of the existing resources，such as coal”可判断，画线部分的含义为“要开发和利用不同种类的能源”。
答案 C
．According to Pule Mokoena，________.
A．nuclear energy shouldn't be included into energy plans
B．focusing too much on the costs of green policies is shortsighted
C．green policies alone can solve the economic problems faced by South Africa
D．green polices have nothing to do with the use of the existing resources like coal
解析 推理判断题。根据第八段中的“Too many companies are focusing on the costs of green policies，rather than focusing on the long－term benefits”可推断选B项。
答案 B
．According to the text，the main reason for the adoption of green policies is that ________.
A．the existing resources are not efficiently used
B．green energy costs less to develop
C．green policies can solve the current energy crisis
D．green technology will stimulate demand for a range of goods and services
解析 细节理解题。根据全文尤其是最后一段，为了解决目前的能源危机，为了保持可持续发展，政府必须采取这一政策。
答案 CA,B,C或D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
According to the US government, wind farms off the Pacific coast could produce 900 gigawatts of electricity every year. Unfortunately, the water there is far too deep for even the tallest windmills (see picture) to touch bottom. An experiment under way off the coast of Norway, however, could help put them anywhere.
The project, called Hywind, is the world’s first large-scale deepwater wind turbine (涡轮发电机). Although it uses a fairly standard 152-ton, 2. 3-megawatt turbine, Hywind represents totally new technology. The turbine will be fixed 213 feet above the water on a floating spar(see picture), a technology Hywind’s creator, the Norwegian company StatoilHydro, has developed recently. The steel spar, which is filled with stones and goes 328 feet below the sea surface, will be tied to the ocean floor by three cables (缆索); these will keep the spar stable and prevent the turbine from moving up and down in the waves. Hywind’s stability (稳定性) in the cold and rough sea would prove that even the deepest corners of the ocean are suitable for wind power. If all goes according to plan, the turbine will start producing electricity six miles off the coast of southwestern Norway as early as September.
To produce electricity on a large scale, a commercial wind farm will have to use bigger turbines than Hywind does, but it’s difficult enough to balance such a large turbine so high on a floating spar in the middle of the ocean. To make that turbine heavier, the whole spar’s centre of gravity must be moved much closer to the ocean’s surface. To do that, the company plans to design a new kind of wind turbine, one whose gearbox (变速箱) sits at sea level rather than behind the blades (see picture).
Hywind is a test run, but the benefits for perfecting floating wind-farm technology could be extremely large. Out at sea, the wind is often stronger and steadier than close to shore, where all existing offshore windmills are planted. Deep-sea farms are invisible from land, which helps overcome the windmill-as-eyesore objection. If the technology catches on, it will open up vast areas of the planet’s surface to one of the best low-carbon power sources available.
1. The Hywind project uses totally new technology to ensure the stability of .
A. the cables which tie the spar to the ocean floor
B. the spar which is floating in deep-sea water
C. the blades driven by strong and steady sea wind
D. the stones filled in the spar below the sea surface
2. To balance a bigger turbine high on a floating spar, a new type of turbine is to be designed with its gearbox sitting .
A. on the sea floorB. on the spar top
C. at sea level
D. behind the blades
3. Wide applications of deepwater wind power technology can .
A. solve the technical problems of deepwater windmills
B. make financial profits by producing more turbines
C. settle the arguments about environmental problems
D. explore low-carbon power resources available at sea
【参考答案】1-3 BCD
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。
The organization representing British universities has expressed concern about the potential effect of tuition fees（学费）after figures showed a drop of more than 6% in student applications with less than a month to go before the deadline for 2017 applications.
Data from the Universities and Colleges Admissions Service (Ucas) showed there were 265,784 university applications by UK-based candiates up to 17 Decemeber, 6.3% down on the parallel period in the admissions cycle the year before. While this is less than the 8.4% year-on-uear fall seen in earlier Ucas figures, released in mid-November, the coming January deadline makes it ever more likely that the total 2017 applicant figure will see a second sizeable fall following the introduction of annual fees of up to ￡9,000.
Nicola Dandridge, the chairman of Universities UK, said : “However, we must be concerned about any drops in the numbers applying to university and in particular, we must look closely at how the increase in graduate contributions in England may be affecting the decisions of promising students. However ,the December figures show a drop in numbers across the UK, suggesting that it is not only a question of tuition fees in England putting off from applying.”
A report of the Uncas figures to mid-December shows a 6.5% fall for applicants in England and 11.7% for those in Wales, with smaller drops of 3.9% for Scotland and 0.5% for Nortern Ireland. Scotiish students at home insitiutions pay on fees, while those from Nothern Ireland have fees capped to ￡3,575 for Northern Irish universities.
Dandridge added: “No one should be put off applying to university because of worries about finance.”
“It is important that no one is put off applying to university because they do not have information about the student support available to them. Most new students don’t need to pay directly. There will be more financial support for those from poorer families and everyone will make lower loan repayments thatn they do now once they are in well paid jobs.”
文章大意：是一篇时文。报道了英国一个大学机构对2017以及近年来英国学生上大学申请人数逐年下降，并分析了下降的主要原因，同时也建议，学生应该上大学，并且可以寻求金融资助。
36．A drop of more than 6% for 2017 applications is probably the effect of
.
A．the increased tuition feesB．the approaching deadline
C．the concern from applicantsD．the difficulties with applications【答案】【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第一段前两行The organization representing British universities has expressed concern about the potential effect of tuition fees（学费）说明主要是受学费上涨的影响，故A正确。
37．Compared with the previous year, the fall in student applications is
.
A．3.9% B．6%C．6.3% D．8.4%【答案】【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段前三行Data from the Universities and Colleges Admissions Service (Ucas) showed there were 265,784 university applications by UK-based candidates up to 17 December, 6.3% down on the parallel period in the admissions cycle the year before.说明下降的数据是6.3%，说明C项正确。
38．Why is the fall for application the smallest in Soctoland and Northem lreland?
A．Because they have more financial support.
B．Because the tuition is much cheaper for them.
C．Because the education is better there.
D．Because the universities are free for them.
【答案】【解析】题。根据文章倒数第三段A report of the Uncas figures to mid-December shows a 6.5% fall for applicants in England and 11.7% for those in Wales, with smaller drops of 3.9% for Scotland and 0.5% for Northern Ireland. Scottish students at home institutions pay on fees, while those from Northern Ireland have fees capped to ￡3,575 for Northern Irish universities.中的have fees capped to ￡3,575 for Northern Irish universities.以及第三段中的the total 2017 applicant figure will see a second sizeable fall following the introduction of annual fees of up to ￡9,000.说明这两个地方的学费比英格兰要低了很多，这是主要的原因。故B正确。
39．Which of the following is true?
A．The application for universities is on a rise continuously.
B．The fall for applications is due to family problems.
C．The education in Scotland and Northern Ireland is worse.
D．The rise of tuition fees has an effect on applications.【答案】D
【解析】主旨大意题。根据文章主题段第一段说明学费的上升是导致学生大学申请减少的主要原因。故D项正确。
40．The last paragraph tells us that
.
A．everyone should apply to university
B．students may get financial supports
C．lower loan repayments is unavailable
D．most new students will not pay fees【答案】B
【解析】细节理解题。根据文章最后三行There will be more financial support for those from poorer families and everyone will make lower loan repayments than they do now once they are in well paid jobs.”说明这些贫穷的学生可以获得经济支持而完成他们的学业。故B正确。
2017高考英语（附解析答案）
Ⅰ.单项填空
1． ______that’s important is that you are doing your best and moving in the right direction.
A．One B．All
C．Everything
D．Anything
解析 考查不定代词的用法。句意：最重要的是你要尽力并朝着正确的方向前进。one一个人；all一切，所有；everything每一件事；anything任何事。通览全句，all符合语意及语境。
答案 B
2．This kind of animal is able to protect itself from danger in many years.______，the colouring of its hide makes it almost invisible when it is feeding in the shadow of trees.
A．First at all
B．First of all
C．In all
D．After all
解析 句意：多年间这种动物能保护自己避免危险。首先，当它在树阴下进食时，它的色彩的隐蔽性使它不易被看到。空白处用来强调重要性，因此只能用first of all。无A项这种表达法。in all相当于altogether“总计”；after all“毕竟”，表程度。
答案 B
3．For professional athletes，______ to the Olympics means that they have a chance to enter the history books.
A．appeal
B．attachment
C．access
D．approach
解析 考查名词词义辨析。access进入。句意：对于专业运动员来说，参加奥运会就意味着他们有机会被载入史册。appeal请求；attachment附加；approach接近；方法。
答案 C
4．When we climbed up to the top of the hill，we all were ______.
A．out of the breath
B．short of breath
C．out of breath
D．short of breaths
解析 考查固定短语out of breath的用法。out of breath为“气喘吁吁”，名词breath前没有冠词a，the，也没有复数breaths形式。
答案 C
5．—Must I turn off the gas after cooking?
—Of course.You can’t never be ______ careful with that.
A．enoughB．too
C．soD．very
解析 考查can’t/can never...too...句型，意为“再……也不过分”。
答案 B
6．I’d also like to ______ you on your good work in these two years.
A．congratulate
B．celebrate
C．wish
D．hope
解析 考查动词词义辨析。congratulate sb.on sth.“祝贺某人某事”，从搭配来看，应选择A项。celebrate的宾语通常是“物”，如节日、生日等。
答案 A
7．The good thing about children is that they______ very easily to new environments.
A．adapt
B．appeal
C．attach
D．apply
解析 考查短语辨析。句意：关于孩子们，好的一点是他们很容易适应新环境。adapt to表示“使适应于”；appeal to表示“对……有吸引力”；attach to表示“(使)相关”；apply to则表示“运用，适用于”。根据句意，A项正确。
答案 A
8．Frank put the medicine in a top drawer to make sure it would not be______to the kids.
A．accessible
B．relative
C．acceptable
D．sensitive
解析 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Frank把药放在顶层抽屉中，以确保孩子们够不到。accessible表示“可以得到的，可以接近的”，通常与to 搭配。后三项分别表示“相关的”“可接受的”“敏感的”。
答案 A
9．Who’s most likely to______the old lady’s death?
A．benefit
B．benefit from
C．be beneficial
D．be beneficial to
解析 benefit对……有益，benefit from从……获益，be beneficial to对……有益，所以B项正确。
答案 B
10．He has devoted himself______mankind.
A．to benefit
B．benefiting
C．to benefiting
D．benefited
解析 考查devote的用法，即devote oneself to doing sth.。
答案 C
11．After a number of disagreements with the committee，the chairman decided to______.
A．retire
B．retreat
C．withdraw
D．resign
解析 retreat＝withdraw“撤退”；resign“辞职”。句意：与委员会有了许多分歧后，主席决定辞职。
答案 D
12．He ______his post because he had been offered a better job.
A．resigned
B．retired
C．dismissed
D．fired
解析 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他辞去了他的工作因为他找到了更好的工作。retire表示“退休；退职”；dismiss表示“解雇”；fire表示“解雇”；resign表示“辞职；放弃”，符合句意。
答案 A
13．Over two thirds of the population were believed to have no______to the health care in the west rural area in China.
A．aid
B．basis
C．belief
D．access
解析 have no access to“得不到，没有……的机会”。句意：人们相信在中国西部农村地区，有超过三分之二的人口得不到卫生保健。
答案 D
14．We must make sure that public facilities in the newlybuilt buildings，like the restroom and the lift，are ______ to disabled visitors.
A．impressive
B．independent
C．remarkable
D．accessible
解析 accessible可接近的；可进入的；可使用的，常用于短语be accessible to sb.。impressive给人深刻印象的；independent独立自主的，不受约束的；remarkable非凡的，显著的。
答案 D
15．I soon found that the work I was doing had already been done by somebody else，______，I was wasting my time.
A．in a word
B．with words
C．in other words
D．by word
解析 考查短语辨析。句意：不久我就发现我在做的工作已经被其他人做了，也就是说，我在浪费时间。in a word表示“一句话，总之”；B、D两项搭配错误；in other words表示“换句话说”，符合句意。
答案 C