湖南省邵东县2016届英语一轮单项选择和阅读理解精炼（12）

　　湖南省邵东县2016高考英语单项选择和阅读理解精炼（13）

　　阅读理解。阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。

　　Life is not a beauty contest.We all focus on our imperfections(瑕疵)．In fact，you should see yourself in a proper way.It's necessary for you to know that self­ knowledge(自知之明)is the most important beauty

　　secret.

　　Don't hate yourself for wanting to be beautiful.Good­looking people get special treatment from strangers，employers and even their own mothers.We're not even close to our objective when it comes to judging our own looks.Other people see the whole package.But when we look in the mirror，we're likely to pay attention to imperfections.For example, that bump(凸起)on your friend's nose. It's her feature！It gives her character！But to you，that thing on your nose is completely ugly.

　　Our opinions of our own looks are also changeable.

　　So if we can't trust the judgment of ourselves，or the words of friends and family which can take away our doubts，we're left to the cool judgment of strangers to satisfy our curiosity about our appearances.The website“Hot or Not”，which lets people hand their photos in for others to judge，had nearly 2 million daily page views within a week in 2000.But it's not the best way to improve the judgment of yourself because you have no confidence yet in your mind.

　　Everyone may pay too much attention to his or her

　　own appearance，and at the same time worry about being criticized.If you are particularly attentive to your body，or

　　if you feel uncomfortable in public，you are certainly hotter than you think.And we all have the ability to change how other people judge us without changing our looks.When you believe that you look good，others will see you in a more favorable way.Improve your impression from the inside.Understanding your own advantages can help you stop worrying about your appearance and look better.

　　．What can we infer from the first paragraph?

　　A．We should focus on our advantages.

　　B．Don't be cheated by others' praise.

　　C．Judging oneself in a right way is important.

　　D．It's unnecessary to know the meaning of beauty.

　　答案：C　推理判断题 。根据第一段“...self­knowledge is the most important beauty secret.”可知，人的自知之明是美丽的最重要秘诀。由此推之，正确评价自己很重要。

　　．What does the example in the second paragraph suggest?

　　A．Good­looking people are more popular than ordinary ones.

　　B．Some bad­looking people are afraid to look in the mirror.

　　C．Some people judge one by his appearance simply.

　　D．Sometimes we make our own imperfections bigger.

　　答案：D　推理判断题。根据第二段“That bump on your friend's nose. It's her feature！It gives her character！But to you，that thing on your nose is completely ugly.Our opinions of our own looks are also changeable.”可知，“你”可能认为朋友鼻子上的凸起是她的特色，赋予她个性。而如果在自己身上，就会看起来很丑陋。由此推断，有时我们把自身的瑕疵放大了。

　　．“Hot or Not”________．

　　A．is a website which allows others to comment on your character

　　B．can't change your ideas completely unless you're confident

　　C．is a good way to make friends and makes you popular online

　　D．can satisfy one's curiosity about others' secrets

　　答案：B　细节理解题。根据第三段“But it's not the best way to improve the judgment of yourself because you have no confidence yet in your mind.”可知，这个网站不是提升“你”对自己评价的最好方法，因为在心里，“你”仍然没有自信。所以，除非“你”有自信，否则这个网站不能完全改变“你”的想法。

　　．From the last paragraph we can learn________.

　　A．hanging our looks can make us more attractive

　　B．people shouldn't care about their own disadvantages

　　C．we can make ourselves more beautiful in the mind

　　D．it's useless to pay attention to your appearance

　　答案：C　细节理解题。根据最后两句“Improve your impression from the inside. Understanding your own advantages can help you stop worrying about your appearance and look better.”可知，作者建议从内部提升“你”的形象。了解自身优势有助于“你”不再担忧自己的外表，从而(让自己)看起来更美。所以，“我们”可以从内心中把自己“武装得”更美。

　　A,B,C或D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

　　Rivers may be a significant source of the greenhouse gas nitrous oxide (一氧化二氮), scientists now find.

　　Their calculation suggests that across the globe the waterways contribute three times the amount of nitrous oxide to the atmosphere as had been estimated by the International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), the United Nations scientific body charged with reviewing climate change research. They found that the amount of nitrous oxide produced in streams is related to human activities that release nitrogen (氮) into the environment, such as fertilizer use and sewage discharges.

　　“Human activities, including fossil fuel combustion and intensive agriculture, have increased the availability of nitrogen in the environment,” said Jake Beaulieu of the University of Notre Dame and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency in Cincinnati, Ohio, and lead author of the paper published this week in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

　　“Much of this nitrogen is transported into river and stream networks,” Beaulieu said. There, microbes (微生物) convert the nitrogen into nitrous oxide (also called laughing gas) and an inert gas called dinitrogen (二氮).

　　The finding is important, the researchers say, because nitrous oxide is a powerful greenhouse gas that contributes to climate change and destruction of the stratosphere’s ozone layer, which protects us from the sun’s harmful ultraviolet (紫外线) radiation. Compared with carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide is 300-fold more powerful in terms of its warming potential, though carbon dioxide is a far more common greenhouse gas. Scientists estimate nitrous oxide accounts for about 6 percent of human-induced climate change.

　　Beaulieu and colleagues measured nitrous oxide production rates in 72 streams. When summed across the globe, the results showed rivers and streams are the source of at least 10 percent of human-caused nitrous oxide emissions to the atmosphere.

　　“Changes in agricultural and land-use practices that result in less nitrogen being delivered to streams would reduce nitrous oxide emissions from river networks,” Beaulieu said.

　　1. From the second paragraph we can learn　.

　　A. actually rivers give off much more nitrous oxide than expected

　　B. scientists’ calculation is totally wrong

　　C. human activities release nitrous oxide in to the rivers

　　D. there is no nitrogen in fertilizer

　　2. Which of the following is NOT the source of nitrogen?

　　A. Fertilizer use.

　　B. Sewage discharges.

　　C. Fossil fuel combustion.

　　D. Climate change.

　　3. Nitrous oxide is a powerful greenhouse gas because　.

　　A. it can protect us from the sun’s harmful ultraviolet radiation

　　B. it is to blame for most of human-induced climate change

　　C. it is a far more common greenhouse gas

　　D. it has much more warming potential than carbon dioxide

　　4. What does the passage mainly tells us?

　　A. Rivers may be a source of the greenhouse gas nitrous oxide.

　　B. It’s human activities that release nitrogen into the environment.

　　C. How to reduce nitrous oxide emissions from river networks

　　D What to do with the climate change caused by nitrous oxide.

　　【参考答案】1—4、ADDA

　　阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。

　　Since the beginning of the year, smog has covered parts of North China. In January, Beijing saw only five days without smog. The rising PM 2.5 readings terrified many people, and some health experts said that whenever the smog gets serious, hospitals receive more patients suffering acute respiratory（呼吸系统）and heart diseases.

　　Later, news of polluted underground water in some provinces scared people who wondered whether the water they drink is safe.

　　So the need to emphasize environmental protection while developing the economy is heard everywhere.

　　Smog especially is a common concern. Like a popular online post said, air may be the only thing that is equal for everyone, despite your income or vocation. People with higher incomes are able to drink only bottled spring water and eat only organic food by paying higher prices, but they breathe the same air as everyone else.

　　At a meeting on Monday, many Representatives have expressed their concerns about the air quality, too. One talked about his experience in Beijing. “After taking a taxi from the capital airport to my hotel, which took about an hour, I washed my nose and found the inside of my nose was black. We should ask ourselves this question: Why do we want to develop? It's for living a better life. Dirty air is definitely not a better life," he said.

　　China needs to develop its economy and invest(投资) in high-tech. Every Chinese wants a strong country. But without blue sky, clean water and safe food, the achievements in the economy will become meaningless. Space technologies are not to be developed for building a base on Mars so that one day all human beings can migrate to the red planet because they have destroyed Earth.

　　What the public wants is a strong and beautiful China. President Hu Jintao spoke at the 18th Party Congress last November saying that great efforts must be made to promote ecological progress and build a beautiful China. The words have shown the central government's resolution to address the environment issue.

　　41．The effect of smog doesn’t include

　　.

　　A．the rising of PM 2.5 readings B．more people suffering diseases

　　C．the increase of people’s income D．patients increased in hospital

　　【答案】C

　　【解析】细节理解题。根据The rising PM 2.5 readings terrified many people, and some health experts said that whenever the smog gets serious, hospitals receive more patients suffering acute respiratory（呼吸系统）and heart diseases.烟雾引起PM的指数的增加，人们患病的人增多因而医院的病人增多，人们的收入的增加并不是由于烟雾的影响，故选C。

　　42．Why smog has become a common concern?

　　A．Because people have to pay higher prices.

　　B．Because nobody can avoid it.

　　C．Because we have to develop industry.

　　D．Because a popular online-post discussed it.

　　【答案】B

　　【解析】细节理解题。根据Smog especially is a common concern.they breathe the same air as everyone else. 因为每一个都需呼吸有烟雾是任何人都避免不了的事情，故选B。

　　43．To make China stronger we have to develop economy, but

　　.

　　A．we have to sacrifice air as the price B．the dirty air is not what we want

　　C．ecological progress can be ignored D．the smog is the only byproduct

　　【答案】B

　　【解析】细节理解题。根据What the public wants is a strong and beautiful China.我们为了发展经济使中国变得更加强大，但是不能牺牲我们的空气的质量，故选B。

　　44．The underlined word “they” in paragraph 6 refers to

　　.

　　A．human beings

　　B．other plants

　　C．space technologies

　　D．industrial development

　　【答案】A

　　【解析】词义猜测题。根据so that one day all human beings can migrate to the red planet because they have destroyed Earth.human beings，故选A。

　　45．From the last two paragraphs we can infer that

　　.

　　A．high-tech can completely solve the problem of pollution

　　B．space technologies should be developed in a large scale

　　C．we can move to the Mars after the earth has been destroyed

　　D．we must protect the environment while developing economy

　　【答案】D

　　【解析】推理判断题。根据The words have shown the central government's resolution to address the environment issue. 2017高考英语（附解析答案）

　　Ⅰ.单项填空

　　1．It never occurred to me ______ you could succeed in persuading him to change his mind.

　　A．whichB．what

　　C．that

　　D．if

　　解析 考查固定句型。It occurs/occurred to sb.that...是固定句型，意思是：某人突然想起……，其中that引导主语从句，故选C项。

　　答案 C

　　2．When you get the paper back，pay special attention to what ______.

　　A．have marked

　　B．have been marked

　　C．had marked

　　D．had been marked

　　解析 句意：当你拿回试卷时须特别注意已经标注过的部分。本题考查动词的时态，该句强调过去已经修改过的东西并强调对现在的影响，用现在完成时，又因其主语为what，所以用被动语态。故用现在完成时的被动语态。

　　答案 B

　　3．A teacher should make his lessons simple enough for the students to ______.

　　A．take off

　　B．take up

　　C．take in

　　D．take down

　　解析 考查词组辨析。句意：老师应该使他的课足够简单到让学生理解。take off起飞，成功；take up从事；take in吸收；take down记下。

　　答案 C

　　4．When she visited the children’s home，it ______her that she could adopt a homeless child.

　　A．ran into

　　B．happened to

　　C．occurred to

　　D．was occurred to

　　解析 考查动词短语辨析。此处为句型It occurs to sb.that...某人突然想起……。A项表示“偶然感到”，不合句意。happen to sb.表示“某事发生在某人身上”，不合语境，故排除B项；occur不用于被动语态，故D项被排除。

　　答案 C

　　5．The ______ cause of his illness was extreme drinking，but the real cause was his deep sadness on his wife’s death.

　　A．major

　　B．apparent

　　C．clear

　　D．serious

　　解析 句意：他的病表面上是因为过度饮酒，真实的原因是他妻子的去世使他过度悲伤。故选apparent“表面上的”。major意为“主要的”；clear意为“清楚的”；serious意为“严肃的，认真的”。

　　答案 B

　　6．There’s a camping shop in town that has tents for ______ at $10 a week.

　　A．hire

　　B．sale

　　C．employ

　　D．repair

　　解析 句意：镇上有一家宿营设备商店出租帐篷，价格一周10美元。根据“$10 a week”可知这是租用，不是sale出售；employ指“雇用”，跟人作宾语。

　　答案 A

　　7．The bell rang，______ that class was over.

　　A．to indicate

　　B．indicating

　　C．indicated

　　D．having indicating

　　解析 indicate“表示，表明”。句意：铃响了，表示下课了。

　　答案 B

　　8．He was supposed to______to the meeting，but he didn’t.

　　A．come

　　B．have come

　　C．be coming

　　D．coming

　　解析 to have come表示动作已经完成。句意：他本该到会的，但他没有。

　　答案 B

　　9．Many students listened to the lecture，but I wondered how much work they took______.

　　A．out

　　B．up

　　C．off

　　D．in

　　解析 take out表示“取出”，take up表示“从事，占用”，take off表示“起飞，脱下”，均不合题意。take in此处表示“吸收，理解”。

　　答案 D

　　10．Don’t worry about the present situation in the world；______ of people prefer peace to war.

　　A．the most

　　B．the great part

　　C．the

　　majority

　　D．the number

　　解析 根据题意：大多数人更喜欢和平而不喜欢战争。A项应为most of；D项表示“……的数目”；B项表示“物体的一部分”；只有the majority符合题意。

　　答案 C

　　11．In the school，girls majoring in nursing are ______ the majority.

　　A．in

　　B．on

　　C．to

　　D．with

　　解析 in the majority“占大多数”。句意：在那所学校，学护理的女生占大多数。答案 A

　　12．With a nod of his head，he ______ me where I should sit.

　　A．indicated to

　　B．indicated that

　　C．indicate to

　　D．indicate that

　　解析 indicate that后跟从句，不合题意。indicate to此处为“向某人暗示，向某人表明”。时态应用过去时或一般现在时，但C项没用单数。

　　答案 A

　　13．It’s believed that parks are to the city______lungs are to the body.

　　A．what

　　B．like

　　C．that

　　D．which

　　解析 考查名词性从句的引导词。what引导从句，不能用like，因为like是介词。句意：大家公认，公园之于城市，就像两肺之于人体。

　　答案 A

　　14．By no means ______ to your parents.

　　A．is this the first time you are lying

　　B．this is the first time you have lied

　　C．this is the first time you tell a lie

　　D．is this the first time you have lied

　　解析 考查倒装结构。否定词by no means“决不”放在句首，主句需用部分倒装。this is the first time＋主语＋现在完成时，为固定结构，故选D项。

　　答案 D

　　15．It suddenly ______ to the detective that the millionaire was probably murdered by his own daughter.

　　A．happened

　　B．occurred

　　C．thought

　　D．took place

　　解析 由空格后的to可知，选B项。It occurs to sb.that...一个想法突然呈现……。

　　答案 B