甘肃省兰州市2016届高考一轮英语阅读理解和短文改错自练（8）及答案

　　阅读理解。阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。

　　America is growing older. Fifty years ago, only 4 out of every 100 people in the United States were 65 or older. Today, 10 out of every 100 Americans are over 65. The aging of the population will affect American society in many ways — education, medicine, and business. Quietly, the aging of America has made us a very different society — one in which people have a quite different idea of what kind of behavior is suitable at various ages.

　　A person’s age no longer tells you anything about his/ her social position, marriage or health. There’s no longer a particular year in which one goes to school or goes to work or gets married or starts a family. The social clock that kept us on time and told us when to go to school, get a job, or stop working isn’t as strong as it used to be. It doesn’t surprise us to hear of a 29-year-old university president or a 35-year-old grandmother, or a 70-year-old man who has become a father for the first time. Public ideas are changing.

　　Many people say, “I am much younger than my mother or my father was at my age.” No one says “Act your age” any more. We’ve stopped looking with surprise at older people who act in youthful ways.

　　1. It can be learned from the text that the aging of the population in America ________.

　　A. has made people feel younger

　　B. has changed people’s social position

　　C. has changed people’s understanding of age

　　D. has slowed down the country’s social development

　　2. The underlined word “one” refers to ________.

　　A. a society

　　B. America

　　C. a place

　　D. population

　　3. “Act your age” means people should ________.

　　A. be active when they are old

　　B. do the right thing at the right age

　　C. show respect to their parents young or old

　　D. take more physical exercises suitable to their age

　　4. If a’ 25-year-old man becomes general manager of a big firm, the writer of the text would most probably consider it _________.

　　A. normal

　　B. wonderful 

　　C. unbelievable

　　D. unreasonable

　　【参考答案及解析】

　　1. C 主旨题。根据第一、二段的最后一句及第三段可判断。

　　2. A 细节题。one是a society的同位语且后面跟了一个定语从句，可以通过分析句子结构得出正确答案。

　　3. B 细节题。全文最后一句话给出了提示。

　　4. A 推理题。可仔细阅读第二段中倒数第二句话。

　　阅读理解。

　　The way we do things round here

　　Some years ago，I was hired by an American bank. I received a letter from the head of the Personnel Department that started，“Dear John，I am quite pleased that you have decided to join us.” That “quite” saddened me. I thought he was saying “we're kind of pleased you decided to join us although I wish we had hired someone else.”Then I discovered that in American English “quite” sometimes means “very”， while in British English it means “fairly”．

　　So the first lesson about working in other countries is to learn the language and by that I don't just mean the words people speak. It is body language，dress，manners, ideas and so on. The way people do things highlights many of the differences we see between cultures (文化)．

　　Some of these differences may be only on the surface—dress，food and hours of work—while others may be deeper and take longer to deal with. Mostly, it is just a question of getting used to the differences and accepting them, like the climate (气候)，while getting on with business.

　　Some of the differences may be an improvement. People are more polite；the service is better；you ask for something to be done and it happens without having to ask again. However，other differences can be troubling, like punctuality (准时). If you invite people to a party at 7 o'clock your guests will consider it polite to turn up exactly on time in Germany, five minutes early in the American Midwest，an hour early in Japan, 15 minutes afterwards in the UK, up to an hour afterwards in Italy and some time in the evening in Greece. I prefer not to use the word “late” because there is nothing wrong with the times people arrive. It is simply the accepted thing to do in their own country.

　　本文介绍了作者所感受到的文化差异。

　　. The author was unhappy as mentioned in Paragraph 1 because he thought ________.

　　A. the American bank didn't think much of him

　　B. the American bank might hire another person

　　C. it's difficult to get used to American culture

　　D. it's easy to misunderstand Americans

　　答案：A。推理判断题。由第一段中“That “quite” saddened me”．可以推断出作者认为这家美国银行不重视他。

　　2．The underlined word “highlights” in Paragraph 2 probably means ________.

　　A. encourages

　　B. helps to narrow

　　C. increases

　　D. draws attention to

　　答案：D。词义猜测题。由下文可知人们做事情的方式引起了作者对文化差异的关注。

　　．According to the author，what should we do with most cultural differences?

　　A. Ask the native people for help.B. Understand and accept them.

　　C. Do things in our own way. D. Do in­depth research.

　　答案：B。细节理解题。由第三段最后一句可知我们要习惯文化差异并接受存在的文化差异。

　　．When invited to a party the people who are usually punctual are________.

　　A. Italians

　　B. Germans

　　C. Greeks

　　D. the British

　　答案：B。细节理解题。由最后一段“If you invite people...on time in Germany...”可知B项正确。

　　阅读理解。阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。

　　As a human being you may have the choice of three basic attitudes towards life. You may treat life with the philosophy (哲学) of the vegetable, in which case your life will include being born, eating, drinking, sleeping, marrying, growing old and dying.

　　The second basic attitude is to look at life as if it were a business. A great many so-called successful men and women believe that life is a business. If you believe so, your first question of life, naturally, is " What do I get out of it? " " How much is this worth to me?" In a word, based on this attitude, happiness becomes a matter of successful competition. The great majority of human beings today look at life as if it were a business.

　　The third attitude toward life is the way of the artist. Here the basic philosophy is "What can I put into it?". They value cooperation and contribution. This point of view has been proved by history; for history remembers best those who have contributed most richly to the interests of their fellow-men. The more we investigate(调查),the more we become certain that the artistic attitude is the only one which goes with human happiness.

　　1. From the passage we know people who take the second life attitude ________.

　　A. are mostly businessmen

　　B. think of getting the interests (利益) first

　　C. find their happiness from hard work

　　D. take competition as their whole life

　　2. People who are best remembered by history are probably

　　A. those living on vegetables

　　B. successful men

　　C. artists

　　D. businessmen

　　3. We may infer from this passage that ________.

　　A. some people are living only on vegetables

　　B. the artistic attitude is accepted by most people

　　C. the writer prefers the third life attitude

　　D. artists do most for the society in order to be remembered longer than others

　　【参考答案及解析】

　　1. B 推断题。第二种人生态度是把生活看作一种生意，当然是利益最重要了。

　　2. C 细节题。从最后一段第四句可知。

　　3. C 推断题。从文章的最后一句可推知

　　【由上海市徐汇区2017诊断卷改编】

　　阅读理解。阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

　　It is evident that there is a close connection between the capacity to use language and the capacities covered by the verb “to think”. Indeed, some writers have identified thinking with using words: Plato coined the saying, “In thinking the soul is talking to itself”; J. B. Watson reduced thinking to inhibited(拘谨的) speech located in the minute(微小的) movements or tensions of the physiological mechanisms involved in speaking; and although Ryle is careful to point out that there are many senses in which a person is said to think and in which words are not in evidence, he has also said that saying something in a specific frame of mind is thinking a thought.

　　Is thinking reducible to, or dependent upon, language habits? It would seem that many thinking situations are hardly distinguishable from the skillful use of language, although there are some others in which language is not involved. Thought cannot be simply identified with using language. It may be the case, of course, that the non-linguistic skills involved in thought can only be acquired and developed if the learner is able to use and understand language. However, this question is one which we cannot hope to answer in this book. Obviously being able to use language makes for a considerable development in all one’s capacities but how precisely this comes about we cannot say.

　　At the common-sense level it appears that there is often a distinction between thought and the words we employ to communicate with other people. We often have to struggle hard to find words to capture what our thinking has already grasped, and when we do find words we sometimes feel that they fail to do their job properly. Again when we report or describe our thinking to other people we do not merely report unspoken words and sentences. Such sentences do not always occur in thinking, and when they do they are merged with vague imagery and the hint of unconscious or subliminal（潜意识） activities going on just out of rage. Thinking, as it happens, is more like struggling, striving, or searching for something than it is like talking or reading.

　　Again the study of speech disorders due to brain injury disease suggests that patients can think without having adequate control over their language. Some patients, for example, fail to find the names of objects presented to them and are unable to describe simple events which they witness; they even find it difficult to interpret long written notices. But they succeed in playing games of chess or draughts. They can use the concepts needed for chess playing or draught playing but are unable to use many of the concepts in ordinary language. How they manage to do this we do not know. Presumably human beings have various capacities for thinking situations which are likewise independent of language.

　　1、According to the theory of "thought" devised by J. B. Watson, thinking is_______. A. talking to the soul

　　B. concealed speech C. speaking nonverbally

　　D. a non-linguistic behavior

　　2、What does the author think about the relationship between language and thinking? A. The ability to use language enhances one’s capacity of thinking. B. Words and thinking match more often than not. C. Thinking never goes without language. D. Language and thinking are generally distinguishable.

　　3、According to the author, when we intend to describe our thoughts, we______. A. merely report internal speech B. have to search for proper words in the way we read C. are overwhelmed with vague imagery D. sometimes are not able to find appropriate words

　　4、Why are patients with speech disorders able to think without having adequate control of language? A. They use different concepts.

　　B. They do not think linguistically. C. It still remains an unsolved mystery.

　　D. Thinking is independent of language.

　　【参考答案】1—4、BADC

　　短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）

　　假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

　　增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。

　　删除：把多余的词用斜线（）划掉。

　　修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

　　注意：1. 每处错误及其修改仅限一词。

　　2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。Attention please, everyone. I have announcement to make. You will pay a visit to the museum on October 1st. I think we will be interest in it. In the course of the visit, the guide will give us an account of the past or the development of the city. She say something about the advanced workers, included some teachers. We will see many pictures there. I’m sure of that we can learn a lot. After the visit, we’ll have a discussion in group and each of us must write a composition. We are to start out as earlier as 7:00 am. We must gather against time at the school gate. That’s all. Thanks.

　　【参考答案】4.

　　Attention, please, everyone. I have announcement to make. You will pay a visit to the museum

　　an

　　We

　　on October 1st. I think we will be interest in it. In the course of the visit, the guide will give us

　　interested

　　an account of the past or the development of the city. She say something about the advanced

　　and

　　will

　　workers, included some teachers. We will see many pictures there. I’m sure of that we can learn

　　including

　　a lot. After the visit, we’ll have a discussion in group and each of us must write a composition.

　　groups

　　We are to start out as earlier as 7:00 am. We must gather against time at the school gate. That’s all.

　　early

　　on/ in

　　Thanks.

　　短文改错 (共10小题; 每小题1分, 满分10分)

　　假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

　　增加: 在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧）, 并在其下写出该加的词。

　　删除: 把多余的词用斜线（）划掉。

　　修改: 在错的词下划一横线, 并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

　　注意: 1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；

　　2.只允许修改10处, 多者（从第11处起）不计分。

　　Ladies and gentlemen,

　　It is special pleasure to welcome our new staff member, Mr Tony White, who has come here to America.

　　Mr White has recently graduated from the University of Chicago where he has majored in English Literature and minored in Teaching English as the Second Language. He will

　　working with us here for at least two years.

　　One of the goals of our school are to promote understanding and cooperation between the young people of our two countries. By have Mr White, who is willing to sacrifice the comfort of his friends and family to come to a strange country, we feel we are very lucky and our goals will be easily realized.

　　On behalf of the whole school, I’d like to extend to you, Mr White, your sincerest welcome. We are indeed happy to have you here, and we wish you all the better during your stay in China.

　　Thank you.

　　【参考答案】5.

　　Ladies and gentlemen,

　　It is

　　special pleasure to welcome our new staff member, Mr Tony White, who has come

　　1.Λmy或a

　　here to America.

　　2. from

　　Mr White has recently graduated from the University of Chicago where he has majored in

　　3. 删掉has

　　English Literature and minored in Teaching English as the Second Language. He will working

　　4. a

　　5.Λbe

　　with us here for at least two years.

　　One of the goals of our school are to promote understanding and cooperation between the

　　6. is

　　young people of our two countries. By have Mr White, who is willing to sacrifice the comfort

　　7. having

　　of his friends and family to come to a strange country, we feel we are very lucky and our goals

　　8.Λthat

　　will be easily realized.

　　On behalf of the school staff, I’d like to extend to you, Mr White, your sincerest welcome.

　　9. our

　　We are indeed happy to have you here, and we wish you all the better during your stay in

　　10. best

　　China.

　　Thank you.

　　短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）

　　假定英语课上老师要求同桌中间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处，每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

　　增加：把缺词处叫个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。

　　删除：把多余的词用斜线（）划掉。

　　修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

　　注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；

　　2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。A few days ago I saw an instructive program on TV. It was about what the traffic problem in

　　cities. It seems that a great deal of damages is done by traffic．All our cities are suffering from this.

　　Some buildings are actual falling to pieces . It's often fast to walk than to go by car and by bus. The

　　problem has been getting worse day by day．This is only one of the thousands problems in our cities. All

　　sorts of terrible things were happening to our cities.The question is how we can do about it．0ur

　　roads were never designing for such heavy traffic．It is time the government does something about

　　these problems．

　　6.

　　去掉what

　　damage

　　actually

　　faster

　　and—or

　　thousands后加of

　　were—are

　　How—What

　　designed

　　does—did