天津市蓟县2016高考英语一轮阅读理解专题选练（8）
阅读理解。
Boiler rooms are often dirty and steamy, but this one is clean and cool. Fox Point is a very new47-unit living building in South Bronx, one of the city’s poorest areas. Two-thirds of the people living there are formerly (以前) homeless people, whose rent is paid by the government. The rest are low-income families.
The boiler room has special equipment, which produces energy for electricity and heat. It reuses heat that would otherwise be lost to the air, reducing carbon emissions(碳排放)while also cutting costs.
Fox Point is operated by Palladian, a group that specializes in providing housing and services to needy, people. Palladian received support from Enterprise Community Partners (ECP), which helps build affordable housing by providing support to housing developers.
ECP has created national standards for healthy, environmentally (环境方面) clever and affordable homes which are called, the Green Communities Standards. These standards include water keeping, energy saving and the use of environmentally friendly building materials.
Meeting the standards increases housing construction costs by 2%, which is rapidly paid back by lower running costs. Even the positioning of a window to get most daylight can help save energy.
Michael. Bloomberg, New York's mayor, plans to create 165,000 affordable housing units for500,000 New Yorkers. Almost 80% of New York City’s greenhouse-gas emissions come from buildings, and 40% of those are caused, by housing. So he recently announced that the city’s Department of Housing and Preservation and Development (DHPD) , whose duty is to develop and keep the city’s supply of affordable housing, will require all its new projects to follow ECP’s green standards.
Similar measures have been taken by other cities such as Cleveland and Denver, but New York’s DHPD is the largest city developer of affordable housing in the country.
(
) 1. What is the purpose of describing the boiler room in the first paragraph?
A. To explain the measures the city takes to care for poor people.
B. To suggest that affordable housing is possible in all areas.
C. To show how the environment-friendly building works.
D. To compare old and new boiler rooms.
(
) 2. What is an advantage of the buildings meeting the Green Communities Standards?
A. Lower running costs.
B. Costing less in construction.
C. Less air to be lost in hot days.
D. Better prices for homeless people.
(
) 3. It can be learned from the text that,
A. New York City is seriously polluted
B. people’s daily life causes many carbon emissions in New York City
C. a great number of people in New York City don't have houses to live in
D. some other cities have developed more affordable housing than New York City
(
) 4. What is the main purpose of this text?
A. To call on people to pay more attention to housing problems.
B. To prove that some standards are needed for affordable housing.
C. To ask society to help homeless people and low-income families.
D. To introduce healthy, environmentally clever-and affordable housing.
语篇解读：本篇文章为科技说明文。作者以Fox Point居住群的boiler rooms为切入点，阐述此类房子的环保节能的优点，以及各城市特别是纽约队建造此类建筑的积极响应。
1. 答案：C
考点：作者的写作意图
解析：从第一段最后两句，作者描述开水房仅是从一个侧面展示整个建筑群的节能，环保，可以得出答案。
2. 答案：A
考点：细节理解
解析：依据文章第三段倒数第二句：Meeting the standards increases housing construction costs by 2%, which is rapidly paid back by lower running costs.可得到答案。句意为“达到这一标准会将建筑成本提高2%，但很快会被它的低成本运行成本补回”
3. 答案：B
考点：细节理解
解析：依据文章第四段第二句：Almost 80% of New York City’s greenhouse-gas emissions come from buildings, and 40% of those are caused, by housing..可得出答案
4. 答案：D
考点：作者的写作目的
解析：本文主要让读者了解这类健康、环保、经济类住房。
【四川省凉山州2017第二次诊断性测试】
阅读下面五篇短文，从每题所给的四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Even while in a deep sleep, people can still learn brand new information. Sleepers soak in
new associations between smells and sounds, knowledge that lingers(逗留）into the next waking
day, researchers report online August 26 in Nature Neuroscience.
The new study is the first to show that entirely new information can get into the sleeping
mind, says Anat Arzi of the Weizmann Institute of Science in Israel. "The brain is not passive
while you sleep. It's quite active. You can do quite a lot of things while you are asleep."
But the results don't mean that Spanish vocabulary tapes now have a place on the nightstand. L,
Researchers have tried but largely failed to find evidence that complicated information, such as
new pairs of words, can make its way into the brain during sleep.
Instead of trying to teach people something complicated like a new language, Arzi and her
colleagues relied on the sense of smell and hearing. As anyone who has walked by a dumpster（垃
圾车）in July knows, smells can cause a nose-jerk reaction. Catching a bad smell automatically
makes people inhale(吸气)less, reducing the size of the inhale. But。scent of fresh bread causes
a long, deep inhale.、rzi and her team took advantage of this reaction for their experiment.
As people slept in the laboratory, the researchers delivered pleasant scent, such as shampoo.
As this nice smell got into the sleepers' noses, the researchers played a particular music. Later, a
disgusting smell, such as rotten fish or meat, was paired with a different music. Neither the smell
nor the sound woke people up. After just four exposures to the smell-music pair during a single
night, the sleepers started to automatically respond to the tones without the accompanying smells,
taking in bigger breaths when the shampoo-associated tone played and smaller breaths when played
the sound linked to the rotten fish smell.
This new learned association lingered into the next waking day, too. Even though the sleepers
had no idea they had been exposed to smells or sounds, their behavior proved that their brain had
actually learned something during sleep. As before, the shampoo sound stimulated a long, deep
inhale, while the rotten fish tone caused more shallow breaths.
43. We can infer from the passage that
A. while sleeping, we can learn whatever we want to learn
B. we will increase the size of inhale if we catch a pleasant smell
C. the knowledge we learned while sleeping will be forgotten in the next waken day
D. when walking by a bakery, the fresh bread will cause a nose-jerk reaction
44. What is Paragraph 3 mainly about?
A. One can’t acquire complicated knowledge during the sleeping hours.
B. Spanish vocabulary tapes now have a place on the nightstand
C. Researchers have tried to find evidence that the new words can be learned during sleep.
D. Complicated information can make its way into the brain during sleep
45. How do Arzi and her team do their research? By
A. giving instructions B. analyzing human brains
C. following the guides of others D. doing experiments
46. In which part of a website may this passage most likely appear?
A. Culture. B. Science. C. History. D. Economy.
【参考答案】43—45、BAD
46、B
阅读理解Nick Petrels is a doctor in Montreal.He works 60
hours a week.He takes care of 159 patients a week in the hospital and at his office.He’s been a doctor for ten years.
Dr Petrels gives his patients good medical advices.But he
doesn’t just tell his patients when to do.He also sings to them on television.Dr Petrels has his own TV show.The show is in Italia，English and French.The doctor starts the show with a song and then gives medical advice.He explains a medical problem or disease in simple language.After that，he sings another song.
Dr Petrels produces and performs in his own show every week.The program is very popular with his patients and with people who enjoy his singing.His dream is to perform in Las Vegas.His favorite songs are love songs，and he has a compact disk of love songs that he wrote.Dr Petrels says，“I always love to sing.All my problems are gone when I sing.”But when Dr Petrels was young，his father didn’t want him to be a singer，so he went to a medical school.
Some people tell Dr Petrels he can help people more as a doctor.But Dr Petrels says he helps people when he sings，too.“I like to make people smile.Sometimes it’s difficult to make a sick person smile.Medicine and entertainment (娱乐)both try to do the same thing.They try to make people feel good.”
【语篇解读】 这篇文章描绘了蒙特利尔一个有趣的医生，他不但给病人治病，还在自己的节目中为病人唱歌，给他们带来欢笑。
1．Dr Petrels works 60 hours a week，because he________.
A．gives his patients medical advices B．takes care of 159 patients a week
C．sings on televisionD．has his own TV show
解析： 细节理解题。第一段告诉我们“He takes care of 159 patients a week，所以他每周工作60个小时。
答案： B
2．Why is Dr Petrels called a singing doctor?
A．Because he has been a doctor for ten years.
B．Because he always loves singing.
C．Because he is popular with his patients.
D．Because he also sings to his patients on TV.
解析： 细节理解题。由第二段的“He also sings to them on television.”我们可得知他被称为a singing doctor的原因。
答案： D
3．In his TV show，Dr Petrels________.
A．sings and gives medical advices
B．sings about different diseases
C．starts to explain diseases with a song
D．sings love songs he wrote
解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段的“The doctor starts the show with a song and then gives medical advice.”我们可以知道Dr Petrels在他的节目中干些什么。
答案： A
4．Dr Petrels’ show is popular________.
A．in Las VegasB．at medical school
C．with people who like his singingD．with patients in Montreal
解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“The program is very popular with his patients and with people who enjoy his singing.”可推知答案为C。Dr Petrels受欢迎不只限于Las Vegas和他的病人。
答案： C
5．Dr Petrels says he likes to________.
A．help people sing
B．make people feel better
C．do the same thing
D．make difficult people smile
解析： 细节理解题。最后一句“They try to make people feel good.”告诉我们Dr Petrels想干什么。
答案： B
Art museums are places where people can learn about various cultures. The increasingly
popular "design museums" that are opening today, however, perform quite a different role. Unlike
most art museums, the design museum shows objects that are easily found by the general public
These museums sometimes even place things like fridges and washing machines in the center of
the hall
Pe叩le have argued that design museums are often made use of as advertisements for new
industrial technology. But their role is not simply a matter of sales-it is the honoring of
excellently invented products. The difference between the window of a department store and the
showcase in a design museum is that the first tries to sell you something, while the second tells
you the success of a sale.
One advantage of design museums is that they are places where people feel familiar with the
exhihits. Unlike the average art museum visitors, design museum visitors seldom feel frightened or
puzzled. This is partly because design museums clearly show how and why mass-produced products
work and look as they do, and how design has improved the quality of our lives. Art museum
exhibits, on the other hand, would most probably fill visitors with a feeling that there is something
between their understanding.
In recent years, several new design museums have opened their door. Each of these museums
has tried to satisfy the public’s growing interest in the field with new ideas. London's Design
Museum, for example, shows a collection of mass-produced objects from Zippo lighters to electric
typewriters to a group of Italian fish-tins. The choices open to design museums seem far less strict
than those to art museums, and visitors may also sense the humorous part of our society while
walking around such exhibits as interesting and unusually attractive toys collected in our everyday
life.
47. Showcases in design museums are different from store windows because they＿．
A. show more technologically advanced products B. help increase the sales of products
C. show why the products have sold well D. attract more people than store windows do
48. The author believes that most design museum visitors＿．
A. do not admire mass-produced products B. are puzzled with technological exhibits
C. dislike exhibits in art museums D. know the exhibits very well
49. The choices open to design museums＿
A. are not as strict as those to art museums B, are not aimed to interest the public
C. may fail to bring some pleasure to visitors D. often contain precious exhibits
50. The best title for this passage is“＿”
A. The Forms of Design Museums B. The Exhibits of Design Museums
C. The Nature of Design Museums D. The Choices Open to Design Museums
【参考答案】47—50、CDAC
阅读理解。
One might expect that the ever－growing demands of the tourist trade would bring nothing but good for the countries that receive the holiday－makers. Indeed, a rosy picture is painted for the long－term future of the holiday industry. Every month sees the building of a new hotel somewhere. And every month another rock－bound Pacific island is advertised as the ‘last paradise(天堂) on earth’.
However, the scale and speed of this growth seem set to destroy the very things tourists want to enjoy. In those countries where there was a rush to make quick money out of sea－side holidays, over－crowded beaches and the concrete jungles of endless hotels have begun to lose their appeal.
Those countries with little experience of tourism can suffer most. In recent years, Nepal set out to attract foreign visitors to fund developments in health and education. Its forests, full of wildlife and rare flowers, were offered to tourists as one more untouched paradise. In fact, the nature all too soon felt the effects of thousands of holiday－makers traveling through the forest land. Ancient tracks became major routes for the walkers, with the consequent exploitation of
precious trees and plants.
Not only can the environment of a country suffer from the sudden growth of tourism. The people as well rapidly feel its effects. Farmland makes way for hotels, roads and airports; the old way of life goes. The one－time farmer is now the servant of some multi－national organization; he is no longer his own master. Once it was his back that bore the pain; now it is his smile that is exploited. No doubt he wonders whether he wasn't happier in his village working his own land.
Thankfully, the tourist industry is waking up to the responsibilities it has towards those countries that receive its customers. The protection of wildlife and the creation of national parks go hand in hand with tourist development and in fact obtain financial support from tourist companies. At the same time, tourists are being encouraged to respect not only the countryside they visit but also its people.
The way tourism is handled in the next ten years will decide its fate and that of the countries we all want to visit. Their needs and problems are more important than those of the tourist companies. Increased understanding in planning world－wide tourism can preserve the market for these companies. If not, in a few years' time the very things that attract tourists now may well have been destroyed.
71．What does the author indicate in the last sentence of Paragraph 1?
A. The Pacific island is a paradise.
B. The Pacific island is worth visiting.
C. The advertisement is not convincing.
D. The advertisement is not impressive.
72．The example of Nepal is used to suggest ________．
A. its natural resources are untouched
B. its forests are exploited for farmland
C. it develops well in health and education
D. it suffers from the heavy flow of tourists
73．What can we learn about the farmers from Paragraph 4?
A. They are happy to work their own lands.
B. They have to please the tourists for a living.
C. They have to struggle for their independence.
D. They are proud of working in multi－national organizations.
74．Which of the following determines the future of tourism?
A. The number of tourists.
B. The improvement of services.
C. The promotion of new products.
D. The management of tourism.
75．The author's attitude towards the development of the tourist industry is ________．
A. optimistic
B. doubtful
C. objective
D. negative
【要点综述】 本文主要介绍了旅游业的发展对当地以及环境等方面的影响。
71. C 考查推理判断。由“Every month sees the building of a new hotel somewhere. And every month another rock－bound Pacific island is advertised as the ‘last paradise(天堂) on earth’．”可知每个月广告上不停地更换所谓的太平洋上某个岛是“地球上最后的天堂”，由此可推出广告是不可信的，故选C项。
72. D 考查推理判断。由第三段第一、二句“Those countries with little experience of tourism can suffer most. In recent years, Nepal…”可知尼泊尔的例子是用来说明其受到旅游的负面影响。
73. B 考查推理判断。由第四段后几句“The one－time farmer is now the servant of some multi－national organization; he is no longer his own master. Once it was his back that bore the pain; now it is his smile that is exploited. No doubt he wonders whether he wasn't happier in his village working his own land.”曾经的农民成为了某些跨国组织的仆人，自己不再主宰自己的生活，强颜欢笑来取悦游客谋生。
74. D 考查细节理解。由最后一段第一句“The way tourism is handled in the next ten years will decide its fate…”可知旅游业的管理决定其未来。
75. C 考查观点态度。综观全文可知，作者只是客观地介绍了旅游业发展的相关问题。
C5 [2017·辽宁卷] ----D
“Indeed，”George Washington wrote in his diary in 1785, “some kind of fly, or bug, had begun to eat the leaves before I left home.” But the father of America was not the father of bug.When Washington wrote that, Englishmen had been referring to insects as bugs for more than a century, and Americans had already created lightning－bug(萤火虫)．But the English were soon to stop using the bugs in their language, leaving it to the Americans to call a bug a bug in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.
The American bug could also be a person, referring to someone who was crazy about a particular activity.Although fan became the usual term, sports fans used to be called racing bugs, baseball bugs, and the like.
Or the bug could be a small machine or object, for example, a bug－shaped car. The bug could also be a burglar alarm, from which comes the expression to bug, that is, “to install(安装) an alarm”. Now it means a small piece of equipment that people use for listening secretly to others' conversations.Since the 1840s, to bug has long meant“to cheat”， and since the 1940s it has been annoying.
We also know the bug as a flaw in a computer program or other design.That meaning dates back to the time of Thomas Edison.In 1878 he explained bugs as “little problems and difficulties” that required months of study and labor to overcome in developing a successful product.In 1889 it was recorded that Edison “had been up the two previous nights discovering ‘a bug’ in his invented record player.”
68．We learn from Paragraph 1 that
________．
A．Americans had difficulty in learning to use the word bug
B．George Washington was the first person to call an insect a bug
C．the word bug was still popularly used in England in the nineteenth century
D．both Englishmen and Americans used the word bug in the eighteenth century
69．What does the word “flaw” in the last paragraph probably mean?
A．Explanation.
B．Finding.
C．Origin.
D．Fault.
70．The passage is mainly concerned with
________．
A．the misunderstanding of the word bug
B．the development of the word bug
C．the public views of the word bug
D．the special characteristics of the word bug
【要点综述】 本文是说明文，主要讲单词bug在意义上的发展变化。
68．D 推理判断题。根据“在1785，华盛顿在日记中使用bug”和“在19和20世纪，英国人停止使用bug”，说明这两国人在18世纪都使用过bug这个词。
69．D 词义猜测题。根据“爱迪生把它解释为小问题或困难”可知，fault和flaw意思相近。
70．B 主旨大意题。文章讲述了bug在意义上的发展。