2016长沙市岳麓区高考英语完形填空和阅读理解一轮练习（5）及答案

　　阅读理解。

　　The Basics of Math—Made Clear

　　Basic Math introduces students to the basic concepts of mathematics, as well as the fundamentals of more tricky areas. These 30 fantastic lectures are designed to provide students with an understanding of arithmetic and to prepare them for Algebra(代数)and beyond.

　　The lessons in Basic Math cover every basic aspect of arithmetic. They also look into exponents(指数), the order of operations, and square roots. In addition to learning how to perform various mathematical operations, students discover why these operations work, how a particular mathematical topic relates to other branches of mathematics,

　　and how these operations can be used practically.

　　Basic Math starts from the relatively easier concepts and gradually moves on to the more troublesome ones, so as to allow for steady and sure understanding of the material by students. The lectures offer students the chance to “make sense” of mathematical knowledge that may have seemed so frightening. They also help students prepare for college mathematics and overcome their anxiety about this amazing—and completely understandable—field of study.

　　By the conclusion of the course, students will have improved their understanding of basic math. They will be able to clear away the mystery(神秘性) of mathematics and face their studies with more confidence than they ever imagined. In addition, they will strengthen their ability to accept new and exciting mathematical challenges.

　　Professor H. Siegel, honored by Kentucky Educational Television as “the best math teacher in America”， is a devoted teacher and has a gift for explaining mathematical concepts in ways that make them seem clear and obvious. From the basic concrete ideas to the more abstract problems, he is a master in making math lectures learner­friendlier and less scary.

　　With a PhD in Mathematics Education from Georgia State University, Dr. Siegel teaches mathematics at Central Arizona College. His courses include various make­up classes and a number of lectures for future primary school teachers.

　　If the course fails to provide complete satisfaction to you, you can easily exchange it for any other course that we offer. Or you can get your money back.

　　1．What does the course Basic Math mainly cover?

　　A．Algebra.B．College Mathematics.

　　C．Arithmetic.D．Mathematics Education.

　　．What benefits can students expect from Basic Math?

　　A．Stronger imaginative ability.B．Additional presentation skills.

　　C．More mathematical confidence.D．Greater chances of becoming teachers.

　　．What can we learn about Professor H．Siegel?

　　A．He is a guest lecturer at Kentucky Educational Television.

　　B．He is to deliver 30 lectures in Basic Math.

　　C．He works in Georgia State University.

　　D．He specializes in training teachers.

　　．Where is the passage most likely to have been taken from?

　　A．A news report.B．A book review.

　　C．A lesson plan.D．An advertisement.

　　【要点综述】本文主要介绍了一个数学课程，从课程内容、功能用途、预期目标、主讲人等方面做了详细说明，是一则招生广告。

　　. C　细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“The lessons in Basic Math cover every basic aspect of arithmetic.”可知此题答案为C。

　　. C　细节理解题。本题考查课程的功能作用。第四段整体在讲述该课程的功能作用。只有C项为本段中讲述的。其他项均未涉及。

　　. B　推理判断题。本题适合用排除法对四个选项进行排除。文中只说明他是被Kentucky Educational Television评为美国最好的数学教师，并没说明他是在电视台做客座讲师；文中也谈到他在Georgia State University取得博士学位，而他是在Central Arizona College教数学。他的课是为future primary school teachers做准备，而不是直接培训教师。本文只谈到他一个教师，所以推断应该是唯一教师。结合第一段数学课程是由30个讲座构成，所以选B。

　　. D　推理判断题。根据最后一段 “If the course fails to provide complete satisfaction to you, you can easily exchange it for any other course that we offer. Or you can get your money back.”可知，此课程为收费课程，应是招生广告。所以选D。

　　社会生活类In 1986，when Carlo Petrini first coined the term “Slow Food，” he organized locally in his native Italy to preserve the food and wine culture and protest fast food.

　　Today, slow food has spread to 132 countries with over 85, 000 members, addressing worldwide issues like farmer equity and

　　environmental_stewardship—the actions people take to respect the rights of all living things and all environments, to contribute to healthy and livablecommunities.

　　Characterized by Slow Food International as “good, clean, and fair food，” slow food must enrich the eaters' life，have no negative impact on human or environmental health，and compensatefairly for food producers' work.

　　The average American meal travels about 1,500 miles to its final destination, with producing of food traveling by plane from overseas and other items shipped across the country.

　　However，cost for food travel and heavy processing are not the only problems in the foodindustry that the environment faces. Industrial agriculture also has unsustainable practices likeinefficient water use and decreased biodiversity. Our ideas in feeding ourselves are exceptional,but at various points our technologies come into conflict with nature's ways of doing things. A great many of the health and environmental problems created by our food system owe to our attempts tooversimplify natures complexities, at both the growing and the eating ends of our food chain.

　　“Slowing” food, by purchasing locally and sustainably, allows consumers to reduce theimpact of “food miles” and develop a closer relationship with their food producers.“ We need tochange our food system，” said David Prior, organizer of Slow Food Nation Eat­In. “Our currentfood system is sick and we need to support farmers and agriculture to ensure that everyone has theright to nutritious food.”

　　1．The main idea of the passage can be summarized as________.

　　A．why slow food is so important

　　B．the food and wine culture is rich in Italy

　　C．what you're eating always travels a long way

　　D．slow food makes the current food system sick

　　2．According to the second paragraph, “environmental stewardship”refers to________.

　　A．measures of environmental protections

　　B．ways to establish healthy and livable communities

　　C．people's admiration for all the creatures on the earth

　　D．actions to protect the rights of all living things and environment

　　3．Slow food's characteristic doesn't lie in________.

　　A．improving the quality of eaters' life

　　B．providing a fair pay for food workers

　　C．being friendly to human and environmental health

　　D．developing a loose relationship with food producers

　　4．What is David Prior's attitude towards current food system?

　　A．Suspicious.

　　B．Unsatisfied. C．Indifferent.

　　D．Supportive.

　　【要点综述】本文的作者告诉我们，如果想吃得更健康、更营养，那就提倡“慢食物”吧！

　　．A　主旨大意题。本文主要探讨“慢食物”的重要性，以及“慢食物”给人们带来的好处，故答案选A项。

　　．D　细节理解题。从第二段中的“environmental stewardship—the actions people take to respect the rights of all living things

　　and all environments”可知，环境管理(environmental stewardship)的内容就是“破折号”后的解释，即“人们尊重所有生物和环境的权利的行动”，故D项正确。

　　3．D　细节理解题。从第三段可知，“慢食物运动”的特色就在于改善饮食者的饮食质量；不对人类健康和环境卫生产生副作用；给食物供应商以合理的报酬。D项则没有提到，故答案选D项。

　　．B　推理判断题。从最后一段David Prior所说的话可知，他认为当前的食物系统很糟糕，需要改进，所以他的态度应该是不满意的(unsatisfied)。A项表示“怀疑的”；C项表示“漠不关心的”；D项表示“支持的”，都不符合语境。

　　As the railroads and the highways shaped the American West in the past centuries, a new electrical generating（发电）and transmission（输送）system for the 21stcentury will leave a lasting mark on the West, for better or worse. Much of the real significance of railroads and highways is not in their direct physical effect on the scenery, but in the ways that they affect the surrounding community. The same is true of big solar pants and the power lines that will be laid down to move electricity around.

　　The 19th century saw land grants（政府拨地）offered to railroad companies to build the transcontinental railroads ,leaving public land in between privately owned land . In much of the west ,some of the railroad sections were developed while others remained undeveloped ,and in both cases the landownership has presented unique challenges to land management, with the completion or the interstate highway system ,many of the small towns which sprang up as railway stops and developed well ,have lost their lifeblood and died .

　　Big solar plants and their power lines will also have effects far beyond their direct footprint in the west .this is not an argument against building then ,we need alternative energy badly .and to really take advantage of it we need to be able to move electricity around far more readily than we can now .

　　So trade-offs will have to be made .some scenic sport will be sacrificed .some species (物种)will be forced to move ,or will be carefully moved to special accommodations ,deals will be struck to reduce the immediate effects .

　　The lasting effects of these trade-offs are another matter .the 21st century development of the American west as an ideal place for alternative energy is going to throw off a lot of power and money to do a lot of good .but it is just as likely that they will be spent wastefully and will leave new problems behind, just like the railroad and the highway.

　　The money set aside in negotiated trade –offs and the institution that control

　　will shape the west far beyond the immediate footprint of power plants and transmission lines .so let’s remember the effects of the railroad and the highways as we construct these new power plants in the west .

　　(

　　) 1.What was the problem caused by the construction of the railways?

　　A. small towns along the railways became abandoned.

　　B. some railroad stops remained.

　　C. land in the west was hard to manage.

　　D. land grants went into private hands.

　　(

　　) 2. What is the major concern in the development of alternative energy according to the last two paragraphs?

　　A. the transmission of power

　　B. the use of money and power

　　C. the conservation of solar energy

　　D. the selection of an ideal place

　　(

　　) 3.What is the author’s attitude towards building solar plants?

　　A. cautious

　　B. approving

　　C. doubtful

　　D. disapproving

　　(

　　) 4.Which is the best title for the passage?

　　A. how the railways have affected the west

　　B. how solar energy could reshape the west

　　C. how the effects of power plants can be reduced

　　D. how the problems of the highways have been settled

　　【文章大意】说明文。文章说明的是一种新的太阳能电力系统是如何或好或坏的影响美国西部地区的。

　　.答案C。细节理解题。由文章第二段in both cases the landownership has presented unique challenges to land management ,with the completion or the interstate highway system可知。

　　.答案B。细节理解题。由文章alternative energy is going to throw off a lot of power and money to do a lot of good和文章最后两段内容可以看出。阅读理解

　　In the animal kingdom, weakness can bring about aggression in other animal. This sometimes happens with humans also. But I have found that my weakness brings out the kindness in people. I see it every day when people hold doors for me, pour cream into my coffee, or help me to put on my coat. And I have discovered that it makes them happy.

　　From my wheelchair experience, I see the best in people, but sometimes I feel sad because those who appear independent miss the kindness I see daily. They don’t get to see this soft side of others. Often, we try every way possible to avoid showing our weakness, which includes a lot of pretending. But only when we stop pretending we’re brave or strong do we allow people to show the kindness that’s in them.

　　Last month, when I was driving home on a busy highway, I began to feel unwell and drove more slowly than usual. People behind me began to get impatient and angry, with some speeding up alongside me, horning (按喇叭) or even shouting at me. At the moment I decided to do something I had never done in twenty-four years of driving. I put on the car flashlights and drove on at a really low speed.

　　No more angry shouts and no more horns!

　　When I put on my flashlights, I was saying to other drivers, “I have a problem here. I am weak and doing the best I can.” And everyone understood. Several times, I saw drivers who wanted to pass. They couldn’t get around me because of the stream of passing traffic. But instead of getting impatient and angry, they waited, knowing the driver in front of them was in some way weak.

　　Sometimes situations call for us to act strong and brave even when we don’t feel that way. But those are few and far between. More often, it would be better if we don’t pretend we feel strong when we feel weak or pretend that we are brave when we are scared.

　　(

　　) 1. The author has discovered that people will feel happy when ______.

　　A. they offer their help

　　B. they receive others’ help

　　C. they feel others’ kindness

　　D. they show their weakness

　　(

　　) 2. The author feels sad sometimes because ______.

　　A. he has a soft heart

　　B. he relies much on others

　　C. some people pretend to be kind

　　D. some people fail to see the kindness in others

　　(

　　) 3. What did the other drivers do when they saw the flashlights?

　　A. They speed up to pass.

　　B. They waited with patience.

　　C. They tried their best to help.

　　D. They put on their flashlights too.

　　(

　　) 4. In this passage, the author advises us to ______.

　　A. handle problems by ourselves

　　B. accept help from others

　　C. admit our weakness

　　D. show our bravery

　　(

　　) 5. Which of the following is the best title for the passage?

　　A. A Wheelchair Experience.

　　B. Weakness and Kindness.

　　C. Weakness and Strength

　　D. A Driving Experience

　　本文是一篇记叙文，讲述作者对weakness思考，建议我们应该承认自己的软弱的一面

　　1. A

　　细节理解题 根据第一段最后一句话“And I have discovered that it makes them happy.”及此句之前的内容可以得出答案。

　　2. D细节理解题 根据第二段第一句话“But sometimes I feel sad because those who appear independent miss the kindness I see daily”可以得出答案。

　　3. B 细节理解题 根据倒数第二段最后一句话“But instead of getting impatient and angry, they waited, knowing the driver in front of them was in some way weak”可以得出答案。

　　4. C

　　主旨大意题，文中反复提示weakness给作者带来的好处，不难得出答案为C

　　5. B

　　主旨大意题

　　综合原文，以及运用排除法，不难得出答案为C。A和D太片面， C选项中的strength文中没有提及。

　　完形填空。阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从各题所给的四个选项A、B、C和D中，选出最佳答案。

　　When I was young, my parents ran a snack bar in our small town.

　　One evening in early April, my mother told me to fill in at the snack bar

　　1

　　a worker who had the flu. I told her I would mess it up,

　　2

　　I had never worked at the bar before. I

　　3

　　that instead of making money, I would end up owing it.

　　“You can do it,” said my mother, “ 4

　　, you won’t get much business until lunch.”

　　“But I’ll never remember the orders, and I’m no good

　　5

　　money. Please, Mom, don’t 6

　　me.

　　“Then I’ll help you,” she said.

　　I shrugged my shoulders. I thought my mother’s 7

　　was a bad one, but I

　　8

　　.

　　When I got to the bar the next day, I found my mother was

　　9

　　. Because the weather that day was rainy and cold, people wanted hot snacks and drinks. 10

　　, I was really slow at taking the orders and making change. The line of people grew, and everybody seemed 11

　　, I was so nervous that my hands shook, and I

　　12

　　a cup into pieces. What a mess! Then my mother came to 13

　　me, and she also showed me how to make 14

　　. If someone gave me $ 5 for something that cost $ 3.25, I handed over

　　15

　　quarters and a dollar and said, “75 cents makes four dollars, plus one dollar makes five.” Things went more

　　16

　　after that.

　　By the end of the day, I could remember orders,

　　17

　　the bill, and make change quickly with a smile. I was even a little 18

　　when the sun came out and dried up business. My mother said she was proud of me, and when she 19

　　that I work at the snack bar again next year, I did not even shrug. I was too busy

　　20

　　the restaurant I would open one day.

　　(

　　) 1. A. to

　　B. for

　　C. after

　　D. over

　　(

　　) 2. A. because

　　B. though

　　C. until

　　D. while

　　(

　　) 3. A. promised

　　B. noticed

　　C. worried

　　D. hoped

　　(

　　) 4. A. Therefore

　　B. However

　　C. Besides

　　D. Yet

　　(

　　) 5. A. of

　　B. on

　　C. about

　　D. with

　　(

　　) 6. A. blame

　　B. fool

　　C. frighten

　　D. Make

　　(

　　) 7. A. idea

　　B. bar

　　C. day

　　D. Answer

　　(

　　) 8. A. guessed

　　B. obeyed

　　C. begged

　　D. Admitted

　　(

　　) 9. A. angry

　　B. sad

　　C. worry

　　D. ashamed

　　(

　　) 10. A. At least

　　B. At last

　　C. At most

　　D. At first

　　(

　　) 11. A. surprised

　　B. impolite

　　C. pleased

　　D. impatient

　　(

　　) 12. A. damaged

　　B. destroyed

　　C. broke

　　D. ruined

　　(

　　) 13. A. scold

　　B. help

　　C. beat

　　D. save

　　(

　　) 14. A. money

　　B. lunch

　　C. coffee

　　D. change

　　(

　　) 15. A. two

　　B. three

　　C. four

　　D. five

　　(

　　) 16. A. smoothly

　　B. fairly

　　C. simply

　　D. conveniently

　　(

　　) 17. A. turn in

　　B. count out

　　C. take over

　　D. add up

　　(

　　) 18. A. discouraged

　　B. disturbed

　　C. disappointed

　　D. distrusted

　　(

　　) 19. A. thought

　　B. stated

　　C. announced

　　D. suggested

　　(

　　) 20. A. imagining

　　B. preparing

　　C. examining

　　D. describing

　　1—20: BACCD, DABCD, DCBDB, ADCDA

　　注：Fill in…for sb.意为：临时替代某人

　　. 因为我以前没有做过，所以我会搞砸的。

　　3. 我担心不是赚钱，而是亏本。

　　. 母亲说：你能行的，况且要到中午才有生意

　　. good with 意为：在。。。方面有本事。也就是说作者做买卖不太会算数。

　　. 本句意思应该是：别让我去做吧。为省略句，Don’t make me do it..

　　. 作者认为母亲要他去替班不是一个好主意。其他意义和搭配都不通。

　　. 虽然觉得不好，但还是听从了母亲的安排。

　　. 次日我到店里时，发现完全不是母亲所说的“要到中午才有生意”，下一句说明生意红火，所以说“母亲错了”。

　　. 因为初来上班，没有经验，所以，开始的时候，应付不过来。At (the) least至少，at last 终于，at (the) most至多

　　. 从上下文可知：购买的队伍越来越长，而我有业务不熟，动作缓慢，所以等待的人群好像不耐烦了。其他语义不通。

　　. break sth. into pieces 把。。。摔得粉碎。其他词没这个搭配。

　　. 母亲看到我手忙脚乱，便过来帮我。

　　4. 根据下句及52空后，这里应该是母亲还教我怎么找零钱.注意：make change (for) 是找零钱的意思，make a change 是做出更改的意思。Make money赚钱， make coffee 冲咖啡，和上下文无关。

　　5. 因为5—3.5=1.75, 所以要找对方的钱数恰好就是：3ⅹ0.25（quarter）+1=1.75

　　1. 自那以后，事情就更加顺利了。Go smoothly进展顺利

　　. add up bill 把帐清理好（加起来），turn in 上缴、上交，count out不把。。。计算在内， take over移交，这些表达都和上下文不连贯，本句是说明作者一天下来学到了很多东西：菜单记得了，打单、找零都很快了。

　　. 对于没开始做生意的作者来说，没有生意当然好（所以母亲开始给作者打气时就说“要到中午才有生意”）免得出错。但一天下来，作者已是熟练了，所以，当太阳出来，生意差了时，他甚至感到有点沮丧。Discouraged指遇到困难等事（气馁），disturbed受到扰乱

　　. 只有suggest的从句才用(should) do,其他没有这种结构。

　　. 对未来的想象