首先要向读者交待某人在什么时候在哪些人中就什么问题进行了调查。常用套语有: ⑴ I have recently made a survey among 30 boys and 30 girls in my class about their purposes of surfing the Internet. 最近我对我班的60名同学进行了调查，看他们上网做什么。 ⑵ Last week, we did/ conducted/ carried out a survey among all the students in our school on the time they spent in sleeping every day.上周，我们就每天的睡眠时间对全校学生进行了调查。 2. 描述调查结果的套语。 ⑴ From the table, we can conclude (that) over 20% of the teenagers are addicted to smoking. 根据上表，我们可以得出如下结论：超过20%的青少年吸烟上了瘾。 ⑵ As is shown in the above table，senior three students spend the least time in sleeping.如上表所示，高三学生的睡眠时间最少。 ⑶ As can be seen from the table above， more than 70％of the students have formed a very good habit of studying.从上表可以看出，70%以上的学生已经形成了良好的学习习惯。 3. 描述数据所反映的问题的套语。 在描述调查结果所反映出来的问题时，我们可以用非限制性定语从句或分词短语来表达。如: ⑴ 30% of the students questioned say they think it better not to have physical exercise， which shows/mirrors/reflects/reveals that...在被调查的学生中，有30%的人说，他们认为最好不要进行体育锻炼，这表明…… ⑵ Only seven percent of the students are interested in looking up new words in the dictionary，showing/ mirroring/ reflecting that ...只有7%的学生喜欢利用词典查生词, 这表明…… 4. 阐述个人观点或建议的套语。 ⑴ As far as I am concerned，effective measures should be instantly taken to help students to spare more time for sleep.在我看来，应该立即采取有效措施来帮助学生获得更多睡眠时间。 ⑵ From my own perspective/points of view, we should take action to help students to make good use of their study time.在我看来, 我们应当采取措施帮助学生好好利用学习时间。 * * 说明 主要用于描述事物发展的经过，或记叙事情发生的过程。 仿写 根据汉语意思完成英文句子。 我手上有一张手写的指令。起初，我没有认出这是谁的笔迹，然后我才意识到这一定是谁的笔迹了。最后我完全明白了，我同她至少共事过一年。 I had in my hand a sheet of paper with handwritten instructions on it. It occurred ______ that _______________ the handwriting, and ______________ whose it must be. I ______ became aware of the fact that I had been working with this colleague __________________. for at least a year at first I did not recognize then I realized finally 原句 Then gradually between about AD 800 and 1150，English became less like German because those who ruled England spoke first Danish and later French.然后，渐渐地，大约在公元800年到150年期间，英语不那么像德语了，因为那时的英国统治者起初讲丹麦语后来讲法语。(P10 B1) 分析 主句的主干是____________________ _________________________，主干前是时间状语，主干后because引导一个原因状语从句；在这个原因状语从句中，who ruled England是一个______ 从句，修饰those，注意在表示人的those后引导定语从句，只能用who，不用that。顺便说说，less是降级比较，意为“较少，不及”，在句中修饰介词短语like German (像德语)，其后省略了than before。 English became less like German (主系表结构) 定语 1. 在学英语方面, 与其说我不喜欢英语不如说我害怕英语。 In English learning, I feel _____ afraid of it ____ disliking it. than more 翻译或完成下列句子，注意黑体部分要用到本单元的短语和句型，然后将其合并成一篇5句话的短文。 2. 我一直不懂学英语的正确方法, 直到有一天我走上前去就如何学好英语征求老师的意见。 I didn’t know the correct way to learn English ____ one day ______ _______________________________ ______________________________ . until to the teacher and asked him for I went up advice on how to learn English well 3. 目前学习英语的最好方法是使用英语。 3. At present, the best way to learn English is to use it. 4. 经常运用英语在英语学习中起着重要作用。 4. Using English frequently plays an important part in English learning. 5. 我应该充分利用每一个机会用英语同他人交流，如老师、同学和室友等。 I should make good use of every opportunity to communicate in English with other people, such as my teachers, my classmates and my roommates. 6. 任何方法都建立在努力的基础上。 Any method is based on hard work. 7. 信不信由你, 用这种方式学习一段时间后, 你会发现英语学习比以前容易多了。 Believe it or not, after you have learned it in this way for some time, you’ll find English learning is much easier than ever before. 8. 因为我改变了对英语学习的态度, 现在我的英语成绩有了很大提高。 My English has improved a lot __________________________ ________________. attitude to English because I have changed my In English learning, I feel more afraid of it than disgusted with of it and I didn't know the correct way to learn English till one day I went up to my teacher and asked her for advice on how to learn English well. She said that at present, the best way to learn English is to use it and that using it frequently plays an important part in English learning. 合并 She suggested that I should make good use of every opportunity to communicate in English with others, such as my teachers, my classmates and my roommates. She also pointed out that any method is based on hard work; meanwhile she told me, “Believe it or not, after you have learned it in this way for some time, you’ll find English learning is much easier than ever before.” Now my English has improved a lot because I have changed my attitude to English. 一、语法填空 There are thousands of languages in the world. English is one of the world’s most 1 ______(wide) used languages. It is spoken by nearly three hundred million people: in the United States, Britain, Canada, some Caribbean countries, and South Africa. 副词作状语修饰动词。 widely As a second language, English is often necessary for business, education, information 2____ other activities in 3___ good many countries such as India, Pakistan and so on. 2. 前后为并列关系, 故填and。 3. 固定搭配, a good many“许多的”。 and a It is also one of the 4 _______ (work) languages in the United Nations and is used 5 _____(much) than the others. English 6 ____________(become) the language of international trade and transport. 4. 动名词作定语修饰languages。 5. 由后面的than可知。 6. 根据语境及下句的时态可知用完成时态。 working more has become 7__ has been said 8 ____ 60 percent of the world’s radio broadcasts and 70 percent of the world’s mail are in English. 7. 作形式主语。 8. 引导名词从句。 It that At international sports meets, at meetings of scientists 9 ______ different countries and at talks of writers and artists from the corners of the earth, English is mostly used. So English has also become the language of international cooperation 10 ___ science and technology. 9. 根据语境可知用from。 10. 意为“在……方面”。 from in 在保证语境充足的情况下，将名词、动词、形容词和副词留空。四个选项必须是： (1)词类相同。即四个选项要么都是名词,要么都是动词, 要么都是形容词, 要么都是副词。 二、完形填空 技巧点拨 (2) 语法形式相同。即四个选项，如果是动词, 要么都是-ing形式, 要么都是-ed形式, 要么都是原形; 如果是名词, 要么都是单数, 要么都是复数; 如果是形容词或副词, 要么都是原级, 要么都是比较级,要么都是最高级。 (3) 正确选项的分布基本均等。即A、B、C、D四个选项各自所占比例基本相同。如15个小题, A、B、C、D各占3-4个。 即时练习 When I was a college student at your age, I also faced the same problem as you. I guess it is a very 1 feeling the current college students have. Due to my bad NCEE’s score，I had no 2 to go to the top universities in China. 1. A. usual B. common C. ordinary D. average 2. A. money B. time C. chance D. courage Even worse， 3 the campus(校园)，I threw away the 4 of learning in the high school and just 5 with other guys in the campus and even didn’t go to class sometimes. I 6 lost myself at that time. 3. A. entering B. wandering C. leaving D. graduating 4. A. spirit B. method C. theory D. attitude 5. A. studied B. worked C. played D. read 6. A. totally B. hardly C. slowly D. absolutely I didn’t become aware of the 7 in front of me until my last year in college. I 8 realized that with my poor English，my low scores and my lack of technical expertise I would be 9 up by the rat race in modern society of China. 7. A. trouble B. difficulty C. problem D. challenge 8. A. immediately B. gradually C. actually D. apparently 9. A. brought B. swallowed C. given D. cheered So I began to study hard including my English from the 10 beginning. I participated in the 11 contest and did some projects with my mentor. I even 12 the scholarship that year. 10. A. early B. new C. very D. good 11. A. programming B. reading C. writing D. singing 12. A. awarded B. got C. provided D. awarded I did whatever I could to improve my personal skills 13 . After I graduated from university，I made a 14 ，that is，to leave the city I had been for 4 years，and went to Shanghai to seek the 15 I wanted to be indeed and hoped one day my dreams would come true! 13. A. negatively B. quickly C. actively D. positively 14. A. determination B. suggestion C. difference D. decision 15. A. work B. position C. situation D. place 三、话题写作 基础写作 最近, 为了提高同学们的听说能力, 三班的英语老师就是否在课前开设课前三分钟的英语演讲在全班同学中做了一个调查, 调查结果如下： 65%的同学 35%的同学 1. 很有帮助, 是训练听说能力的好时机； 2. 同学们会因此而查找资料, 同时也丰富了同学们的知识。 1. 占用了课堂时间； 2. 听不懂演讲的同学会失去学英语的信心。 [写作内容] 请根据以上调查结果,写一份简单的调查报告,并发表你自己的观点。 [写作要求] 只能用5个句子表达全部内容。 [评分标准] 句子结构准确,信息内容完整,篇章连贯。 Recently, to improve the students’ listening and speaking abilities, the English teacher in Class 3 conducted a survey among the whole class on whether they should have a three minutes’ speech in English at the beginning of a period. According to the survey, 65% students firmly support the idea for they think this method will be helpful to their English learning and it is a good chance for them to practise their listening ability as well as speaking ability. However, 35% students are strongly against it, saying that it costs the limited time in class. What’s worse, if they can not make sense of the speeches, they will lose confidence in learning English. As for me, I think it is a good idea to have a three minutes’ speech at the beginning of a period because I believe practice makes perfect. 题型突破：观点对比 本话题中的基础写作题属观点对比型作文，观点对比型的语篇结构是：讨论或调查的问题→赞成及理由→反对及理由→你的看法。 ［句式模板］写作中可参考的句式有： 1. 交代调查的时间、对象和主题的套语。 运用 用所给词的适当形式填空。 ⑴ The boss requested the young man ________ (write) a letter of recommendation. to write ⑵ The boss requested that the young man _________________ (write) a letter of recommendation. ⑶ All the foreigners ___________ (request) to show their passports. are requested should write/write 5. recognize vt. 认出(know sb /sth again)；承认(admit)；公认(accept) 例句 The USA is a large country in which many different dialects are spoken. Although many Americans move a lot, they still recognize and understand each other’s dialects.美国是使用多种方言的大国。虽然许多美国人经常搬迁，但是他们仍然能够辨认、理解彼此的方言。 搭配 recognize …as/to be…承认/认为……是…… 运用 据汉语意思完成英文句子。 ⑴ 我承认我的缺点。 I recognize my own shortcomings. ⑵ 她变得我简直认不出来了。 She had changed so much ____________ ___________________. ⑶ 他被认为是我们学校最优秀的足球运动员。 He is recognized as/to be the best football player. that I could hardly recognize her 6. because of 因为；由于 原句 Later in the next century, people from England made voyages to conquer other parts of the world and because of that, English began to be spoken in many other countries.后来,在17世纪英国人开始航海征服了世界其它地区。因为这样, 许多别的国家开始说英语了。(B1P9) 例句 We had to walk home because of missing the bus.由于错过了班车, 我们不得不步行回家。 比较 because of是短语介词, 后接名词、代词、动名词或名词性从句; 而because是连词,后接从句。 ⑴ He walked slowly __________ his injured leg. ⑵He walked slowly _______ his leg was injured. ⑶ We have to cancel our trip _______ __ the bad weather. 运用 用because 或because of填空。 because of because because of 例句 The little boy came up to the stranger and showed him how to get to the police station. 小男孩走到这个陌生人前给他指到警察局的路. 7. come up 走近; 上来; 长出;发芽 原句 I’d like to come up to your apartment.我想到你的公寓来。(B1P10) ⑴ We won’t forget the day when we watched the sun _______ on top of Mountain Tai. 运用 用上述短语填空。 come up ⑵ It’s certain that he will _____ ________ a new idea of solving the problem. ⑶ He __________ the policeman and asked the way. came up to up with come 8. at present 现在；目前(at the present time; now) 例句 I’m afraid I can’t help you because I’m too busy at present.很抱歉, 我现在帮不了你。因为现在我实在太忙了。 比较 for the present暂时 反义 in the past在过去 运用 根据汉语意思完成英文句子。 ⑴ 我的钱暂时够用。 ⑵ 过去我们饥寒交迫，但现在都过上了幸福生活。 In the past we suffered hunger and cold, but at present we all live a happy life. I’ve got enough money for the present. 例句 I visited several big cities such as New York, Chicago, and Boston. 我参观过几个大城市, 例如纽约、芝加哥和波士顿。 9. such as 例如……; 像这种的 原句 English is also spoken in Singapore and Malaysia and countries in Africa such as South Africa. 在新加坡、马来西亚、和非洲其它国家, 比如南非, 人们也说英语。(B1P10) ⑴ I like drinks________ tea and coffee. ⑵The report is incomplete; it doesn’t include sales in France, ____________. 运用 用such as 或for example填空。 such as for example 例句 You ought to make good use of any opportunity to practice English. 你应该充分利用好一切机会来练习英语。 10. make (good /full) use of (好好/充分)利用;使用 原句 So by the 1600s Shakespeare was able to make use of a wider vocabulary than ever before. 所以到17世纪, 莎士比亚所用的词汇比以前任何时候都广泛。(B1P10) (1) We should try to __________ (利用)every chance you have to speak English. (2) Her talents should be _________ ______(被利用). 运用 make use of use of made full 11. play a part in 扮演角色，充当作用 例句 Geography also plays a part in making dialects. 地理位置对方言的产生也有影响。 同义 play a role in扮演角色,充当作用 运用 根据汉语意思完成英文句子。 ⑴ 刘德华将在那部电影中扮演一个角色。 Andy Liu__________________________ _______. ⑵ 手机在我们的日常生活中起着重要的作用。 Mobile phones_____________________ _____________________________. are playing a very will play a role/part in that movie important part in our daily life 1. even if=even though 即使(引导让步状语从句) 原句 Native English speakers can understand each other even if they don’t speak the same kind of English.以英语为母语的人, 即使他们所讲的语言不尽相同, 也可以相互交流。(B1P10) 例句 I’ll keep my business going even if I have to sell my house.即使卖掉房子我也要继续做生意。 ⑴ 即使下雨我也要去看你。 I will call on you even if ________. ⑵ 即使困难重重,你也应该坚持干下去。 Even if there are many difficulties, you ______________________________. 仿写 根据汉语意思完成英文句子。 should insist on doing that it rains 2. more…than… 比……更……；与其说……不如说…… 原句 It was based more on German than the English we speak at present.当时的英语更多的是以德语为基础的, 而现代英语不是。(B1P10) 例句 He was more sad than angry when his son lied again. 当他儿子再次撒谎时他感到更多的是伤心而不是生气。 ⑴ 与其说他是个老师不如说他是个学者。 He is more a _______ than a _______. ⑵ 幸运的是, 他受的伤不重, 只是受惊了。 Luckily, he was more ___________ than _____. 仿写 根据汉语意思完成英文句子。 hurt scholar teacher frightened 3. This/It is because… (+原因) 这是因为…… 原句 This is because in the early days of radio, those who reported the news were expected to speak excellent English.这是因为在早期的电台节目里, 人们期望资讯播音员所说的英语是最好的英语。(B1P13) 例句 He didn’t pass the entrance examination. This is mainly because he didn’t make good use of his time in studying. 他高考没通过,主要是因为他在学习上没有利用好时间。 比较 This/It is why...(+结果)这就是……的原因。 ⑴ 他没出席会议的原因是因为他突然病了。 He was absent from the meeting, and this was ___________________________. ⑵ 这就是我们不相信他的原因。 This is the reason _________________ ____. 仿写 根据汉语意思完成英文句子。 because he fell ill suddenly why we don’t trust him 4. there is no such thing as+名词 没有像……这样的事。 例句 Believe it or not, there is no such thing as standard English.信不信由你，(世界上)没有什么标准英语。 仿写 根据汉语意思完成英文句子。 ⑴ 世上没有免费的午餐这种事儿。 ⑵ 没有坏天气这回事，不一样的天空不一样的美丽。 _________________________________; every sky has its beauty. There is no such thing as a free lunch in the world. There is no such thing as bad weather 5. at first…then… finally…起初……然后……最后…… 例句 At first the English spoken in England between about AD 450 and 1150 was very different from the English spoken today. It was based more on German than the English we speak at present. …...起初，在公元450年到1150年间，人们所说的英语跟现在所说的英语就很不一样，当时的英语更多的是以德语为基础的，而现在的就不是。然后，渐渐地，大约在公元800年到1150年期间，英语不那么像德语了……最后，到19世纪，英语才真正定形。 必修① 一、单词拼写 1. _________ n.电梯,升降机 2. ________ n.汽油 3. ________ n.航海；航行 4. ___________ n.公寓住宅 5. ________ n.卡车 lorry elevator petrol voyage apartment 6. _________ n.本身; 身份 7. _________ n.口音; 重音 8. _________ n.街区; 块 9. _________ n.用法; 词语惯用法 10. ___________ n.词汇(表) vocabulary identity accent block usage 11. ___________ vt.辨认出；承认 12. ___________ n.& vt.命令；掌握 13. ___________ n.& vt.请求；要求 14. ___________ adj.本地的 n.本地人 15. ___________ adv.直接 adj.笔直的 straight recognize command request native 1. __________ adj.实在的；真实的 __________ adv.实际上；事实上 2. __________ n. 办公室 __________ adj.官方的；正式的 __________ n. 军官 二、单词拓展 (A)单词派生 officer actual actually office official 3. ________ adj.流利的；流畅的 ________ adv.流利地；流畅地. ________ n. 流利；流畅 4. ___________ adj.频繁的；常见的 ___________ adv.常常；频繁地 ___________ n. 频繁；频率 frequency fluent fluently fluency frequent frequently 5. _____________ v.表示; 表达 _____________ n.词语; 表示; 表达 6. ___________ n.东方 ___________ adj.东方的; 东部的 ___________ adv.向东 eastward express expression east eastern 1. The government _______ gave an _______ statement that the officer would be put into prison. (office) (B)灵活运用 1.第一个作用名词主语, 表示“政府官员”; 第二个用形容词作定语, 表示“官方的”。 official official 2. Mr Li, who speaks English _______, says that ________ develops gradually over time and practice. (fluent) 2. 第一个副词修饰动词speaks, 作状语;第二个名词作主语。 fluently fluency 3. His facial ___________ suggest that he’s quite satisfied with the result and he always __________ things in this way. (express) 3. 第一个名词作主语, 表示“表情”; 第二个动词作谓语, 意为“表达”, 主语是第三个称单数。 expressions expresses 4. He called himself Chris but his _______ name is John. ________he has never met Chris. (actual) 5. The group of monks from the _____ are heading back _________.(east) 4. 第一个是形容词作定语, 修饰后面的name; 第二个是副词作状语。 actual Actually east eastward 5. 第一个名词作介词的宾语; 第二个副词“朝东方”。 1. _____________ 因为; 由于 2. _____________ 走近; 上来; 提出 3. _________________ 与……交流 4. ______________ 利用；使用 三、短语翻译 make use of because of come up communicate with 5. ______________ 扮演角色; 参与 6. ______________以……为基础 7. _____________现在；目前 8. ___________例如……; 像这种的 such as play a part (in) be based on at present 9. ________________ 比以往任何时候 10. _________________信不信由你 11. _________________ …的数量 12. __________________ 与…不同 be different from than ever before believe it or not the number of So why has English changed over time? Actually all languages change and develop when cultures meet and communicate 1_____ each other. At first the English 2_______ (speak) in England between about AD 450 and 1150 was very different from 3____ English we spoke today. 4__ was based 5___ on German than the English we speak at present. 四、课文回顾 在下列文段中填入一个适当的词或用括号中所给词的正确形式填空，并说明理由。(语法填空的思维方法训练) with spoken the It more Then gradually 6 ________ about AD 800 and 1150, English became 7____ like German because those 8 ____ rules England spoke first Danish and later French. These new settlers 9 _______ (rich) the English language and especially 10___ vocabulary. between less who enriched its So by 11___ 1600’s Shakespeare was able to make use of a 12______ (wide) vocabulary than ever before. In 1620 some British settlers moved to America. Later in the 18th century some British people 13__________ (take) to Australia too. English began to be spoken in 14_____ countries. the wider were taken both English now is spoken 15___ a foreign or second language in South Asia. For example, India has a very large number of fluent English speakers 16________ Britain ruled India from 1765 to 1947. During that time English became the language for government and education. as because English is also spoken in Singapore and Malaysia and countries in Africa such as South Africa. Today the number of people 17________ (learn) English in China 18___________ (increase) rapidly. In fact, China may have the largest number of English 19________ (learn). Will Chinese English develop its own identity? Only time 20_______(tell). learning is increasing learners will tell 五、课文概要 以约30个词概括课文内容要点。 Originally， English was only spoken in England， but with the conquer of the British in other countries， English began to be spoken in many other countries. Today English is the most widely used language. 1. actually adv.事实上；实际上(=in fact; in reality; as a matter of fact) 例句 So why has English changed over time? Actually all languages change and develop when cultures meet and communicate with each other. 那么,为什么久而久之英语会起变化呢？事实上,当不同文化互相交流渗透时,所有的语言都会发展变化。 运用 根据汉语意思完成英文句子。 来自传统经营模式的危害正地长升,事实上,在过去几十年里已经有越来越多的森林消失,地球变得越来越温和。 The harm from the traditional business model is on the rise. ________, the past decades has seen ____________ ____________________ and globe becoming increasingly warm. more and more Actually forests disappearing 2. base n.底部，基础 vt.以……为基础/根据 例句 It was based more on German than the English we speak at present.它(当时的英语) 比现代英语更多地是以德语为基础的。 sth be based on = base sth. on (某事物) 以……为基础/根据 on the basis of在……的基础上;根据 搭配 运用 根据汉语意思完成英文句子。 ⑴ 我们是在试验的基础上得出这个结论的。 We drew this conclusion_____________ _______________ . ⑵ 我们的意见应该以事实为依据。 on the basis of experiments We should base our opinions on facts. /Our opinions should be based on facts. 例句 The guard commanded the poor old man to show his identity card. (=The guard commanded that the poor old man (should) show his identity card) 卫兵命令这个可怜的老人出示他的身份证。 3. command n. & vt. 命令; 指令; 掌握 ⑴The army is ______ the king’s direct command. 运用 填入一个适当的词或用所给词的适当形式填空。 under ⑵ My father commanded me ______ (do) my homework right now. ⑶ He commanded that the girl __________________ (leave) at once. should leave/leave to do 例句 The teacher requested the students to leave the classroom as quickly as possible. 老师要求学生尽快离开教室。 4. request v. & n. 请求; 要求 * *