阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A,B,C或D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A recent study, while showing a generally positive attitude toward science, also suggests a widespread worry that it may be “running out of control”. This idea is dangerous.
Science can be a force for evil as well as for good. Its applications can be channeled either way, depending on our decisions. The decisions we make, personally or collectively, will determine the outcomes of science. But here is a real danger. Science is advancing so fast and is so strongly influenced by businesses that we are likely to believe whatever decisions we come to will make little difference. And, rather than fighting for the best possible policies, we may step back and do nothing.
Some people go even further. They say that despite the moral and legal objections(反对), whatever is scientifically possible will be done—somewhere, sometime. They believe that science will get out of control in the end. This belief is dangerous too, because it fuels a sense of hopelessness and discourages then from making efforts to build a safer world.
In our interconnected world, the lack of agreement in and out of the world of science can lead to the failure to control the use of science. Without a common understanding, the challenges of “controlling” science in this century will be really tough. Take human cloning for example. Despite the general agreement among scientists on its possible huge impact(影响) on traditional moral values, some countries still go ahead with the research and development of its related techniques. The outcomes are hard to predict.
Therefore, discussions on how science is applied should be extended far beyond scientific societies. Only through the united efforts of people with hope, can we be fully safe against the misuse of science and can science best serve mankind in the future.
1. What can we conclude from the recent study?
A. People think highly of science.
B. People hold mixed opinions about science.
C. Science is getting dangerously out of control.
D. Science is used for both good and bad purposes.
2. According to the passage, what will happen if we hold that science is getting beyond control?
A. The development of science will hopelessly slow down.
B. Businesses will have even greater influence on science.
C. The public will lose faith in bringing about a bright future.
D. People will work more actively to put science under control.
3. The discussion should reach beyond scientific societies because .
A. scientists have failed to predict the outcomes
B. the ties between different areas need strengthening
C. united efforts are necessary for the development of science
D. people need to work together to prevent the bad use of science
4. What is the main idea of the passage?
A. Science and its applications bring us many dangers.
B. The development of science mostly lies in people’s attitudes.
C. Mankind can largely take control of science with their efforts.
D. The future of science will be influenced by the dangerous ideas.
【参考答案】1-4 BCDB
阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。
(2017·深圳市二模，D)
Since the beginning of the year, smog has covered parts of North China. In January, Beijing saw only five days without smog. The rising PM2.5 readings terrified many people, and some health experts said that whenever the smog gets serious, hospitals receive more patients suffering acute respiratory (呼吸系统) and heart diseases.
Later, news of polluted underground water in some provinces scared people who wondered whether the water they drink is safe.
So the need to emphasize environmental protection while developing the economy is heard everywhere.
Smog is especially a common concern. As a popular online post said, air may be the only thing that is equal for everyone, despite your income or profession. People with higher incomes are able to drink only bottled spring water and eat only organic food by paying higher prices, but they breathe the same air as everyone else.
At a meeting on Monday, many representatives have expressed their concerns about the air quality, too. One talked about his experience in Beijing. ?After taking a taxi from the capital airport to my hotel, which took about an hour, I washed my nose and found the inside of my nose was black. We should ask ourselves this question: Why do we want to develop? It's for living a better life. Dirty air is definitely not a better life，” he said.
China needs to develop its economy and invest (投资) in hightech. Every Chinese has a dream to make China stronger.
But without blue sky,
clean water and safe food,
the achievements in the economy will become meaningless. Space technologies are not to be developed for building a base on Mars so that one day all human beings can move to the red planet because they have destroyed Earth.
What the public wants is a strong and beautiful China. The great efforts must be made to promote ecological progress and build a beautiful China.
The words have shown the central government's determination to address the environment issue.
文章大意：本文是一篇议论文。今年北京的雾霾天气引起了许多人对环保重要性的重视，我们不能只关注经济而忽视了我们赖以生存的环境，因为发展是为了生活得更好。
16．The effect of smog doesn't include ________.
A．the rising of PM2. 5 readings
B．more people suffering diseases
C．the increase of people's income
D．patients increased in hospital
答案：C 细节理解题。根据第一段第三句“The rising PM2.5... more patients suffering acute respiratory (呼吸系统) and heart diseases.”可知，雾霾导致PM2.5值升高，许多人因呼吸疾病、心脏病突发而住院。故答案选C。
17．Why has smog become a common concern?
A．Because people have to pay higher prices.
B．Because nobody can avoid it.
C．Because we have to develop industry.
D．Because a popular onlinepost discussed it.
答案：B 推理判断题。根据文章第四段内容可知，空气面前人人平等，不管你的职业是什么，都呼吸一样的空气。因此空气一旦被污染，谁都没有办法不受影响，所以大家都特别关注空气质量。故答案选B。
18．To make China stronger we have to develop economy, but ________.
A．we have to sacrifice air as the price
B．the dirty air is not what we want
C．ecological progress can be ignored
D．the smog is the only byproduct
答案：B 推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二、三段可知，固然我们要发展经济使国家强大，但发展经济不能以牺牲环境为代价，否则发展就变得没有任何意义了。故答案选B。
19．The underlined word “they” in Paragraph 6 refers to ______.
A．human beings
B．other planets
C．space technologies
D．industrial development
答案：A 指代判断题。they是代词，用来代替前面出现的复数名词。根据句意可知，此处they代替上文中的human beings。故答案选A。
20．From the last two paragraphs we can infer that ________.
A．hightech can completely solve the problem of pollution
B．space technologies should be developed in a large scale
C．we can move to Mars after the earth has been destroyed
D．we must protect the environment while developing economy
答案：D 推理判断题。文章最后两段强调了我们既要发展经济、科技，建设一个强大的国家，但同时也要保护生态环境，创造一个美丽的国度。故答案选D。
阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。
(2017·皖南八校第三次联考，A)
Handball is a hugely popular sport in Europe and Asia, and it is one of the fastest and
most exciting sports in the world. It combines basketball and soccer with the attracting saves of water polo.
Handball is played on an indoor court ( the size of two basketball courts ) and there are goals at each end. There are twelve players on each team, two goal keepers and ten field players, but there is a maximum of one goalkeeper and six field players from each team allowed on the court at any one time. The_idea_is_simple:_score more goals than the other team.
The ball is made of leather or a synthetic material and it must be round. The surface must not be shiny or slippery. The size and weight of the ball varies for male and female teams, and adult and junior team.
Handball has the same freeranging play as basketball, with all players except the goalkeeper constantly moving from attack to defence. The goalkeeper uses hands, feet, head and body to keep out the other team's shots. The origins of handball are unclear. Many people believe that it developed as a training game for soccer, to be played in the off season, or when it was snowing. Now, in countries where handball is popular, players can earn large sums of money, and indoor stadiums seating over ten thousand people sell out regularly. Handball has been played at the Olympics since 1972.
1．The passage states that handball was most probably developed
________.
A．as a replacement for basketball
B．by supporters of water polo
C．as a training game
D．for the 1972 Olympics
答案：C 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段第四句话“Many people believe that it developed as a training game for soccer, to be played in the off season, or when it was snowing.”可知。
2．The statement, “The idea is simple”， emphasizes that in handball the
________.
A．game has only one purpose
B．court is clearly marked
C．players can change positions
D．goalkeeper is the last defense
答案：A 推理判断题。由画线词后的“score more goals than the other team.(比另一队多进球)”可推知，手球运动的唯一目的是比赛时多进球。
3．It is clear that the writer believes the sport of handball
______.
A．is more popular for men than for women
B．is great fun for the audience
C．requires an unusually shaped ball
D．should only be played in winter
答案：B 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段倒数第二句“Now, in countries where handball is popular, players can earn large sums of money, and indoor stadiums seating over ten thousand people sell out regularly.”可知。
4．In which order does the information appear in the passage?
a.type of ball
b．court size
c．beginning of the sport
d．team members
A.c－a－b－d
B．b－a－d－c
C．c－d－a－b
D．b－d－a－c
答案：D 篇章结构题。由文章层次可推知。
书面表达
8月10日，某学校组织七班学生前往火车站开展了志愿者活动(打扫卫生、信息咨询、引路指示、扶老携幼等)。假定你是该校广播站的一名记者，请按照下列要点写一篇120词左右的资讯报道。
1. 时间、地点、活动；
2. 乘客们的反应。
注意：报道标题和记者姓名已给出，不计入总词数。
Student Volunteers Brighten the Railway Station
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
By Liu Fang, Campus Radio Station
One possible version：
Student Volunteers Brighten the Railway Station
On August 10th, students from Class 7 did voluntary work at the railway station. They were well organized and they had been divided into four groups. On their arrival, they were warmly welcomed by the party secretary of the railway station. Then they quickly got to the voluntary work with the first group sweeping and cleaning the floor, the second group answering the questions from the passengers, the third group showing the way to the train and the fourth group bringing along with children and the old.
They worked from seven to twelve, unaware of tiredness. Their politeness and help left a deep impression on the passengers and the stations' staff.
They were very happy that day, smile and contentment on their face. What a meaningful and happy day!
By
Liu
Fang,
Campus
Radio
Station
书面表达
某中学计划增加一门英美文学鉴赏课，消息一出立即引起了同学们的广泛讨论。假设你是该校的一名学生，请你根据下表写一篇文章反映学生们的意见。
支持者30% 反对者70%
1.能在短时间内了解名著，扩大阅读量。
2.可以提高阅读能力和写作能力。 1.增加学生负担，没时间阅读。2.只能粗略了解名著，不能领会其精髓。
要求：
1．如实反映图表内容，可适当增加细节以使行文连贯；
2．词数120左右；
3．谈谈你自己的看法。
参考词汇：精髓 essence
One possible version：
Recently word came that our school is planning to open a new subject, known as Appreciation of British and American Literature. It soon causes a discussion among my fellow students.
Students who are in favour of it make up 30% of all. They think they can know many worldfamous great books in a short time. Meanwhile, they can benefit a lot from reading, such as improving the reading ability as well as writing ability. They can expand their reading.
But the other 70% of the students hold a different opinion. Now that they have so many subjects to learn, they won't have time to read the books, which must be a burden. Besides, they can't grasp the essence of the books.
For me, I strongly support the school to provide the opportunity to read the great books.
书面表达
假定你是李晓燕，明天将要从沈阳启程赴美国南卡罗来纳州就读11年级。请你给你的寄宿家庭的主人Deb写一封信，告诉他你明天(8月17日)早晨坐飞机前往哥伦比亚，请他接机。
李晓燕：中等个，1.6米，长发，穿一件粉色长裙，带着一个绿色大箱子和一个紫色小箱子。
航班号：UA850Y
到达： 8月18日晚上10：30
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3．开头语和结束语已为你写好，不计入总词数。
参考词汇：南卡罗来纳州South Carolina 哥伦比亚Columbia
Dear Deb，
How is everything going with you？__________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Warmest regards.
Yours，
Li Xiaoyan
One possible version：
Dear_Deb，
How_is_everything_going_with_you?
I'm writing to tell you that it is close to 48 hours now until I arrive
in Columbia,
South Carolina!
I will set off from Shenyang to Beijing at
eight tomorrow morning first. At around 4 p．m., I'll take the flight
UA850Y to Columbia.I'll be there at about 22：30 on 18, August.
Would you please pick me up at the airport?
I'm about 1.6 metres high with long hair.
I'll be in a pink
dress, and carry a big green suitcase and a small purple one. You can wait for me at the security check
by putting up a sign with my name written on it so that I can easily find you.
Thanks!
Warmest_regards.
Yours，
Li_Xiaoyan