【2017高考复习】阅读理解Research shows that childhood friendships are important indicators of future success and social adjustment.Children’s relationships with peers (同龄人) strongly influence their success in school，and children with fewer friends are more at risk of dropping out of school，becoming depressed and other problems.
Making and Keeping Friends Is More than Child’s Play
When 6yearold Rachel returned to school on a recent Monday
morning，her
eyes immediately
scanned
the playground for her friend Abbie.“Though they were only separated by a weekend，the girls ran right into each other’s arms and hugged，”recalls Rachel’s mother Kathryn Willis of Gilbert.“It was like a scene from a movie.”
Most parents instinctively (本能地) know that having friends is good for their child.Experts agree that friendship is not simply child’s play，but a powerful predictor of social adjustment throughout life.
A Skill for Life
“Childhood friendships serve as a very important training ground
for
adulthood，”
says
Dr.Robbie
AdlerTapia，psychologist with the Center for Children’s Health & Life Development at the East Valley Family Resource Center.
Researcher William Hartup states，“Peer relations contribute significantly to both social and cognitive
(认知的) development.”
Hartup
concludes
that
the
single best childhood predictor of adult social adaptation is not school grades or classroom behavior，but rather，how well a child gets along with other children.
The
work
of
Arizona
State
University
professor
of Developmental Psychology Gary Ladd proves that just as being able to make and keep friends is beneficial to kids，so is the lack of friends detrimental.
Good Friendships Don’t Just Happen
Experts agree that it is essential for children to establish highquality
friendships.But，researchers
warn，these friendships don’t necessarily just happen.Often，a good friendship begins with involved parents.
Psychologist Dr.Lynne Kenney Markan believes kids should be taught social skills in much the same way they are taught math and reading.
Bad Company
Many parents worry about the quality as well as the quantity of their child’s friendships.“When she was in 1st grade，her supposed ‘best friend’ began calling her names and threatening to hurt her，” says Mindy Miller.“My daughter wasn’t allowed to talk to or even look at other girls in her class.It really crushed her spirit.I told my daughter she didn’t need a ‘friend’ like that.”
“I’ll bend over backwards to help my son get together with a friend I think is good for him，” AdlerTapia says.“I don’t look at it as manipulation (操纵)，just positive parental involvement.”
【语篇解读】 研究表明，童年时期的友谊对孩子的将来有着非常重要的意义。
5．The example of Rachel and Abbie is used to illustrate that________.
A．childhood friendship is of great significance to their growth
B．a positive friendship helps children solve emotional and physical problems
C．it is a proven fact that peer friendship is the most rewarding experience throughout life
D．Rachel missed her friend Abbie very much because of
their separation of one weekend
解析 细节理解题。文中六岁的Rachel与她的朋友Abbie之间的友谊例证了本部分的标题Making and Keeping Friends Is More than Child’s Play，再结合文章首句可知应选A项。
答案 A
6．The underlined word “detrimental” could be replaced by________.
A．aggressive B．disappointing
C．ridiculous D．harmful
解析 词义猜测题。根据文中的“The work of Arizona State University professor of Developmental Psychology Gary Ladd proves that just as being able to make and keep friends is beneficial to kids，so is the lack of friends detrimental.”可知，“detrimental”与句中的“beneficial”相对应，因此“detrimental”与“harmful”同义。
答案 D
7．We can learn from the passage that highquality friendship most probably results from______.
A．social skills and good study habits
B．school grades and classroom behaviors
C．academic success and social adaptation
D．positive parental involvement and social skills
解析 细节理解题。根据Good Friendships Don’t Just Happen中的“a good friendship begins with involved parents”与“kids should be taught social skills in much the same way they are taught math and reading”可知，D项正确。
答案 D
8．From the last paragraph we can conclude that Dr.Robbie AdlerTapia agrees that________.
A．parents should regard making friends as something that just happens
B．it’s wise for parents to support and encourage healthy peer relationships
C．parents only need to help their children to cope with difficult social situations
D．parents are supposed to encourage their children to make as many friends as they can
解析 推理判断题。根据文章的最后一句可推知，父母应该在孩子交友的问题上给予指导，避免其受到不良影响，因此选B。
答案 B
“Opinion” is a word that is used carelessly today. It is used to refer to matters of taste, belief, and judgment. This inaccurate use would probably cause little confusion if people didn’t attach too much importance to opinion. Unfortunately, most attach great importance to it. “I have as much right to my opinion as you to yours,’’ and ‘‘Everyone’s entitled to his opinion,’’ are common expressions. In fact, anyone who would challenge another’s opinion is likely to be branded intolerant.
Is that label accurate? Is it intolerant to challenge another’s opinion? It depends on what definition of opinion you have in mind. For example, you may ask a friend ‘‘What do you think of the new Ford cars?” And he may reply, “In my opinion, they’re ugly.” In this case, it would not only be intolerant to challenge his statement, but foolish. For it’s obvious that by opinion he means his personal preference, a matter of taste. And as the old saying goes, ‘‘It’s pointless to argue about matters of taste.
8. Which of the following statements is TRUE, according to the author?
A. Everyone has a right to hold his own opinion.
B. Free expression of opinions always leads to confusion.
C. Most people tend to be careless in forming their opinions.
D. Casual use of the word “opinion” often brings about quarrels.
9. According to the author, who of the following would be labeled as intolerant?
A. Someone who turns a deaf ear to others’ opinions.
B. Someone who can’t put up with others’ tastes.
C. Someone who values only their own opinions.
D. Someone whose opinion harms other people.
10. The new Ford cars are cited as an example to show that ________.
A. it is foolish to criticize a famous brand
B. one should not always agree to others’ opinions
C. personal tastes are not something to be challenged
D. it is unwise to express one’s likes and dislikes in public
11. Considered judgment is different from personal preference in that ________.
A. it is stated by judges in the court
B. it reflects public like and dislikes
C. it is a result of a lot of controversy
D. it is based on careful thought
8—11、
阅读理解----------D
The fact that life isn’t fair doesn’t mean we shouldn’t do everything in our power to improve our own lives or the world as a whole. To the contrary, it suggests that we should. When we don’t recognize or admit that life isn’t fair, we tend to feel pity for others and for ourselves. Pity, of course, is a self-defeating emotion that does nothing for anyone, except to make everyone feel worse than they already do. When we do recognize that life isn’t fair, however, we feel compassion(热情) for others and for ourselves. And compassion is a heartfelt emotion that delivers loving-kindness to everyone it touches. The next time you find yourself thinking about the injustices of the world, try reminding yourself of this very basic fact. You may be surprised that it can persuade you out of self-pity and into helpful action.
12. The writer thought of his friend’s question as a good one because _______.
A. he also wanted to know who held such an opinion
B. it made him recall something during his childhood
C. like his friend, he also thought life was unfair
D. he learned something from the question as a youngster
13. Surrendering to the fact that life isn’t fair will ________.
A. keep us from making everything perfect B. keep us from doing everything in our power
C. make us face unfair treatment bravely
D. make us know it’s our duty to perfect things
14. The second paragraph of the passage mainly tells us that ________.
A. it’s nice to accept the injustice of life
B. it’s nice to surrender to the life
C. we should not surrender to the life
D. we should not feel sorry for everything
15. In the last paragraph, “this very basic fact” refers to the fact that _______.
A. you should not pity for others
B. life isn’t and won’t be fair
C. compassion is heartfelt emotion
D. pity is a self-defeating emotion
12—15、
阅读理解---------C
“Who questions much, shall learn much, and remember much．”---- Francis Bacon （1561-1626）
It seems obvious now how we acquire knowledge and understanding．To start with, you need questions．Then, to find answers, you observe the world around you and study the facts．After that you consider possible answers and test each to find the right ones．Although today we are more accustomed to typing a few key words into a search engine and waiting for the Internet to spit the answer out for us, modern scientists and thinkers are still solving the world’s problems with this type of analysis---- luckily for us．
However, in the 17th century when Francis Bacon suggested that this type of thinking was the way to gain knowledge, he was going against the views of the day．At that time, people believed more in religion than in facts, and people like Galileo Galilei, who proved scientific ideas such as “ the Earth is not the centre of the universe”, were often punished by the church with no one coming to their defence．The church and many people tended to ignore the facts and were unwilling to challenge that they had always comfortably believed．They preferred to make assumptions about the world based on the experience of others．In fact, when Galilei proved that the Earth was not the centre of the universe, instead of believing him, people chose to believe ancient views put forward by the great philosopher Aristotle （384-322BC）．
This also shows how people didn’t want to search for their own understanding or educate themselves．And this is still often true today．People feel that if someone important and respected says that something is right, then it must be so．But even though Aristotle was a great man who inspired many great scientists and philosophers after him, he was wrong at times．And Galilei too made mistakes．He is now known as the father of astronomy but he believed that the earth moved round the sun in a perfect circle．He was wrong．Therefore our understanding of the world around us is constantly growing and changing．In other words, we learn more every day and none of us can ever sit back and say “We know it all．”
We need to thank the great men of the past for the wisdom to know that we don’t know it all and probably never will, for that would mean a world without questions．So much of our knowledge and understanding of the world today is due to people like Bacon and Galilei, who were brave enough to step out from the shadows of old thoughts in order to find the kingdom of knowledge that today’s civilization is built upon．These men knew that knowledge and understanding are things to fight for; more vital to a man, and more beneficial to mankind, some might say, than all the money in the world．
“All truths are easy to understand once they are discovered; the point is to discover them．”----Galileo Galilei （1564-1642）
In Bacon and Galileo’s times, people would prefer to ________．
A．learn new things by observing the world around themselves
B．acquire knowledge from church or experience of great ancestors
C．seek answers to their puzzles from contemporary scientists
D．explore knowledge out of facts they saw with their own eyes
9．In this passage Bacon and Galileo are mentioned as examples for ________．
their great achievements in science
B．their ambition to doubt great ancestors
C．their revolutionary way of acquiring knowledge
D．their preference to believe in themselves rather than others
10．What is the main purpose of the passage?
A．To help the readers learn more about great thinkers in history．
To convince the readers of the importance of thinking and discovering．
To persuade the readers to thank the great men of the past for their wisdom．
To encourage the readers to go against the views of their day．
Which of the following is the process the writer suggests to acquire knowledge?
A．asking questions→searching the Internet→ waiting the results→ finding answers
B．acquiring knowledge and understanding→ asking questions→ answering questions
C．observing the world→ asking questions→ studying facts→ finding answers→ considering possibilities
D．asking questions→ observing the world→ studying facts→ considering possibilities→ testing and finding answers
【参考答案】8—11、BCBD
阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A,B,C或D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A blog can be a very effective way of spreading the word about yourself, and your other writing. It can unshroud your knowledge, and create an ongoing relationship with your readers. A good blog is more than just a marketing tool; it’s also an expression of your personality.
An obvious starting point is to post samples of your work that not only show off your skills and writing ability but also leave people wanting more. Post selections from the most exciting parts of your stories but end them just as the action reaches its peak. If you write nonfiction (写实文学), show people what they could achieve, and give them a few steps to get them started.
Give tips, information and advice about the subjects you cover. For example, something about struggling with difficulty and many other issues like this. Your writing tips can also be included, as well as interesting, strange or funny things you discovered during your research. Whenever you contact an expert, ask if he or she has any interesting stories you could use. You may also give background information about your stories and the locations.
Give details of coming posts on your blog, so people can watch out for you, or come and meet you. Personal news will help people feel better connected to you. Include photos of objects and locations in your writing, famous people you meet, the views from your window, and your favorite things—with a note about where they came from and what they mean to you. Look out for things that will help your readers get to know you better, know the subject better, or anything else you think they might find useful, inspiring or entertaining.
If you only occasionally post things on your blog, people have a tendency to forget you. As a writer you shouldn’t ever run out of interesting material to fill your blog with—and your readers will love you for it.
1. Which is the best title for the text?
A. What to Blog about
B. How to Start a Blog
C. Why to Launch a Blog
D. How to Make Blog Attractive
2. The underlined word “unshroud” in the first paragraph means .
A. put onB. turn upC. show offD. write down
3. You’d better blog about .
A. the difficulties of your position to readers
B. the entertaining stories you have
C. advice about your subjects
D. masterpieces from famous writers
4. Personal news on your blog .
A. can make people watch out for you
B. can make people easily get in touch with you
C. helps to leave your privacy known
D. helps you improve your wiring
5. What does the author suggest for keeping a blog?
A. Posting things on your blog once in a while.
B. Adding new stories to it every day.
C. Filling it with attractive things frequently.
D. Loving it as your life.
【参考答案】1—5、ACBBC