第九讲 名词性从句
一、主语从句
引导词 连接词 (1)that引导的从句作主语时不在从句中充当任何成分只起连接作用无任何意义通常不能省去且常用it作形式主语。 ①That the college will take in more new students is true.＝It is true that the college will take in more new students.It suddenly occurred to him that he had made a serious mistake.
(2)whether引导的主语从句既可放在句首 ①It doesn’t matter whether you pay by cash or credit card in this store.
②Everyone in the village is very friendly.It doesn’t matter whether you have lived there for a short or a long time.
连接代词 who等有词义在从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语等。 ①(2017·高考湖北卷)What was so impressive about Jasmine Westland’s victory was that she came first in the marathon bareWhen the new cinema will be open to the public hasn’t been made clear.
连接副词 when等有词义在从句中作状语。 ①Why he came late today has been clear now.Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced.
it作形式主语的句型归纳 (1)It＋系动词＋形容词＋that从句(2)It＋be＋名词(短语)(a pity/a shame/no wonder等)＋that从句
(3)It＋be＋过去分词(said/told/reported等)＋that从句
(4)It＋不及物动词(seemr)＋that从句
(5)It is necessary/important/suggested/advised/ordered＋that从句结构中从句用“(should＋)动词原形”。①It is certain that your son will do well in his exam.
②It’s no wonder that you’ve achieved so much success.
③It was suggested that they (should) start at once.
④It happened to me that I had been away when he called.
⑤It is necessary that one(should)master the skill of operating computers so as to meet the need of a job.
1．(2017·高考陕西卷)________ the delayed flight will take off depends much on the weather. B．WhenWhat
解析：选B。考查主语从句。句意：那架延误的班机什么时候会起飞在很大程度上取决于天气。分析题意和句子结构可知这是一个含有主语从句的主从复合句；再分析句子成分可知主语从句________ the delayed flight will take off缺少状语不缺少主语或宾语所以排除C、D两项。that引导主语从句时不充当句子成分。根据分析可知此处要表达的是延误的飞机什么时候起飞由此排除A项所以选择B项。(2017·高考天津卷)I think ________impresses me about his painting is the colours he uses.解析：选A。考查名词性从句中引导词的选择。句意：我认为他的绘画给我留下深刻印象的是他使用的颜色。分析句子结构可知is，其前是主语从句主语从句中谓语动词impresses前又缺主语需用what引导。二、宾语从句
引导词 连接词 (1)that无词义在从句中不作成分。并且that可以省略。 ①(2017·高考新课标全国卷Ⅱ)He came back in the late afternoon to discover that his suitcase was gone.
if/whether there was a John living there.
③We don’t know whether or not she was ready.
(2)whether，if意为“是否”在if和whether可互换后面直接跟or not时用whether不用if；作介词宾语时一般用whether。
连接代词 who等有词义在从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语等。 ①(2017·高考新课标全国卷Ⅰ)Police have found what appears to be the lost ancient statue.whoever needs help a warm support.
连接副词 when等有词义在从句中作状语。 I don’t know wherere going to have the meeting.
要点归纳 (1)否定前移：主句的主语是第一人称单数谓语为think等时其后引导的宾语从句中若含有否定意义一般要把否定词移到主句谓语上从句谓语用肯定式。 ①I don’t think I know you.I don’t suppose he cares，does he？
(2)动词find等后有宾语补足语(形容词或名词)时需用it作形式宾语而将that宾语从句后置。 I think it necessary that we take plenty of boiled water every day.
(3)在finduppose，hate，like，owe...to，take...for granted等动词或动词短语和see to(表示“注意务必”)后有宾语补足语时需要用it作形式宾语而将宾语从句后置。 I hate it when they talk with their mouths full of food.
1．(2017·高考福建卷)Pick yourself up. Courage is doing ________you’re afraid to do.解析：选B。考查宾语从句。句意：振作起来。勇敢就是做你(明知自己)害怕做的事情。分析句子结构可知动词doing后接的是宾语从句从句中do后缺的是宾语需用what引导。(2017·高考山东卷)It is difficult for us to imagine________ life was like for slaves in the ancient world. 解析：选B。考查宾语从句。句意：对我们来说很难想象在古代世界奴隶的生活是什么样的。本题中 imagine是及物动词其后接的从句是宾语从句like后缺宾语故用what引导宾语从句。三、表语从句
引导词 连接词 (1)that无词义在从句中不作成分。 (2017·高考新课标全国卷Ⅰ)The end result is that we feel like we
②It looks as if it’s going to rain.
(2)whether(是否)引导表语从句时只能用whether而不能用if
(3)as if/as though意为“好像仿佛”引导的表语从句常跟在系动词(如seem等)之后。若表语从句所述的是非真实的情况从句用虚拟语气；若所述的是事实的或是极可能发生的情况从句用陈述语气。
连接代词 who等有词义在从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语等。 (2017·四川巴蜀名校联合测试)Everyone is different and that is what makes our world much better.
连接副词when，where，why，how等有词义在从句中作状语。 (2017·大连双基测试)—When choosing furniture design.
—That’s where we differ.
要点归纳 主句的主语是idea等名词时表语从句的谓语用“(should＋)动词原形”。 His suggestion is that we (should)change our plan.温馨提示 表语从句的三个易混句式＋结果 意为“这/那就是……的原因”引导的是表语从句。 That is why our teacher recommends another interesting course for us.
This/That/It ＋原因 意为“这/那是因为……”引导表语从句。 (2017·高考安徽卷)From spaceThis is because about seventyone percent of its surface is covered by water.
The reason why...is that... 意为“……的原因是……”引导的定语从句修饰先行词reason引导表语从句。 The reason why he didn’t come was that it was raining heavily.
1．(2017·高考四川卷)Grandma pointed to the hospital and said________ I was born.”
A．whenB．how
C．whyD．where
解析：选D。考查表语从句。句意：奶奶指着那家医院说那就是我出生的地方。”when指时间；how指方式；why指原因；where指地点。由题干中的关键信息the hospital可知此处是指“我出生的地方”故用where引导表语从句。(2017·高考江苏卷)—What a mess! You are always so lazy!________ you have made me.
A．howB．what
C．thatD．who
解析：选B。考查表语从句。句意：——真是一团糟！你总是这么懒惰！——妈妈我不应该受到责备。我这个样子都是你一手造就的。分析句子结构可知后是表语从句引导词what在从句中作me的补足语相当于the one/person that即I am the one/person that you have made me.。四、同位语从句
引导词 大多由that引导也可以由which等引导。①I had no idea who had stolen the money.r the question whether he agrees to the plan or not.
要点归纳 (1)同位语从句在句中起同位语的作用一般放在factquestion等名词的后面对名词作进一步的解释。 Evidence has been found through years of study that children’s early sleeping problems are
likely to continue when they grow up.
(2)suggestion，advice，request，order等表示“建议、命令、要求”的名词后的同位语从句用should＋)动词原形”。 His suggestion that we (should)hold another meeting to discuss the problem was adopted. (3)分隔式同位语从句。有时同位语从句的谓语较短而从句内容较长这时为避免“头重脚轻”常常将谓语提到从句前面形成分隔式同位语从句。 My wish will come true one day that I should buy a big house for my parents.
1．(2017·高考重庆卷)—Is it true that Mike refused an offer from Yale University yesterday?________ he did it; that’s one of his favorite universities.
A．whenB．why
C．thatD．how
解析：选B。考查同位语从句引导词的选择。句意：——昨天迈克拒绝了耶鲁大学的录取这是真的吗？——是的但是我不知道他为什么这样做；那是他最喜欢的大学之一。idea后接同位语从句表示某个想法的具体内容。根据that’s one of his favorite universities(那是他最喜欢的大学之一)可知why)所在故B项正确。(2017·高考浙江卷)The only way to succeed at the highest level is to have total belief ________ you are better than anyone else on the sports field.解析：选B。句意：要取得最高层次的成功唯一的方法就是要完全相信在体育运动领域你比其他任何人都优秀。have total belief that...完全相信……为固定句式。此处belief后接了同位语从句从句不缺少成分用that引导所以正确答案为B项。五、that和what引导名词性从句
引导词 句法功能 词义 省略情况
that 不作任何句子成分 无词义 引导宾语从句有时可以省略
what 可以作主语、宾语、表语、定 什么的事情不能省略by no means clear what the president can do to end the strike.
总统会采取什么措施来结束这次罢工还不清楚。That Putin visited China led to closer relationship between the two countries.
普京访问中国让两国之间的关系更加密切。
1．(2017·高考浙江卷)“Every time you eat a sweet________ my mother used to tell me.
A．whatB．how
C．thatD．whether
解析：选A。考查表语从句。句意：“tell后接双宾语故直接宾语用what替代。(2017·高考山东卷)It’s good to know ________ the dogs will be well cared for while we’re away.解析：选D。句意：知道当我们不在家时狗将会受到很好的照顾真好。动词know后是宾语从句从句中不缺成分用that起连接作用。
1．People all over the world have a dream________ they will always live a peaceful life.
A．that B．what解析：选A。考查同位语从句。句意：全世界的人们都有一个梦想即总是过和平的生活。________ they will always live a peaceful life为同位语从句作a dream 的同位语该从句不缺少任何成分故选A。(2017·四川部分中学评估)________ cleans your windows doesn’t make a good job of it解析：选B。句意：无论是谁擦的你的窗户都干不好这个工作因为窗户上有太多的灰尘。分析句子结构可知空处引导主语从句whoever。whoever＝no matter who但no matter who不能引导主语从句；who也可以引导主语从句但其表示的是“不知是谁”带有疑问的语气。whoever表示“任何人”。(2017·陕西榆林六校适应性训练)The young couple was having an argument about ________ turn it was to do the cooking.解析：选A。考查宾语从句。句意：这对夫妇正在争论该轮到谁做饭了。whose引导名词性从句作介词about的宾语在宾语从句中作定语。(2017·陕西咸阳四校联考)What surprised Mr. Lee most was________ Clement had done his work neatly and correctly.
A．whenB．what
C．whichD．that
解析：选D。考查表语从句。分析句子结构可知空处引导的是表语从句从句句意完整也不缺成分故用that。(2017·安徽江南十校联考)—It’s my treat today. Is there anything particular you would like to have?________ you choose is fine with me.
A．WhateverB．Which
C．Anything whatD．No matter what 解析：选A。考查主语从句。句意：——今天我请客。你有什么特别想吃的吗？——你选择的任何东西对我来说都可以。________you choose为主语从句等于anything that意为：……的任何东西。如选D项应改为：No matter what you choose(状语从句)。(2017·四川资阳模拟)________ you do will be right because you are a wise and responsible man.解析：选D。句意：无论你做什么事都是正确的因为你是一位有智慧且负责Whatever。7．(2017·陕西重点中学模拟)The teachers in the school are very kind. It doesn’t matter ________ you have studied there for a short or a long time.解析：选C。考查主语从句。句意：这个学校的老师非常友好你在那里学习的时间是短还是长都没有关系。根据连词or就很容易判断出这里是whether...or“是……还是……”结构。________ we can improve our reading skills in such a short time.
A．whenB．what
C．howD．that
解析：选C。考查表语从句。句意：问题是我们如何能在这么短的时间内提高阅读技巧。________ we can improve our reading skills in such a short time作系动词is的表语根据逻辑可知设空处表示“方式”故用how引导。(2017·南京高三模拟)We have offered him the position________ he will accept it.
A．howB．if解析：选C。句意：我们给他提供了这个职位但是我一点儿都不知道他是否会接受这个职位。根据“I don’t have the slightest idea”可知此处表示不确定且连词在从句中不充当成分故选whether表示“是否”。if也可表示“是否”但一般不引导同位语从句。(2017·湖南“五市十校”联考)Only when you go to New York City in person will you realize________ diverse the American culture is.解析：选B。考查宾语从句。句意：只有当你亲自来到纽约时你才会意识到美国文化是多么多种多样。根据how＋＋主语＋其他部分”可知应选how。what一般修饰名词不符合题意和语法结构。11．(2017·合肥质检)This still leaves the question of ________ local public services should be improved in the next five years.解析：选B。句意：这还留下一个问题那就是在接下来的五年里如何改进当地的公共服务。本空需要连词引导宾语从句作介词of的宾语连词在从句中作方式状语因此用连接副词how引导这个从句。故选B。(2017·四川“联测促改”测试)It’s really none of your business ________ I’ll spend my summer holidays with.解析：选A。句意：我将和谁一起过暑假真的不关你的事。此处为主语从句作形式主语真正的主语是后面的从句因从句中with后的宾语为人所以用who。(2017·湖南株洲三校模拟)Look！Located in________used to be called ghost wilderness is a modern hospital.解析：选A。考查宾语从句。in后面的宾语从句缺少主语故用what引导。句意：看！一座现代化的医院就建在过去被人称为“鬼魂荒野”的地方。(2017·安徽马鞍山教学质量检测)It is unknown to the public ________ the air crash occurred in the mountainous area yesterday.解析：选D。考查主语从句。句意：人们不知道昨天在山区的这起飞机坠毁事故是怎么发生的。It为形式主语后面的从句为真正的主语。根据句意可知此处应使用how表示事故发生的方式。________determines whether you will succeed in your future life.
A．whatB．where
C．that D．why
解析：选A。考查表语从句。句意：你的IQ不是决定你未来是否会成功的东西。what引导表语从句且what在从句中作主语。