第六讲 非谓语动词
一、非谓语动词作定语
非谓语动词 位 置 语态特征 时态特征现在分词 单个的现在分词多前置现在分词短语一般后置 doing表示主动being done表示被动。 动作正在进行过去分词 单个的过去分词多前置过去分词短语常后置 被动 动作已经完成 后置 to do表示主动表示被动 动作尚未发生①(2017·高考江西卷)Dad was asleep next to her, resting his head on his arms.爸爸把他的头靠在他的胳膊上靠着她睡觉。used in daily conversations.在一些语言中个单词占了日常对话所使用的所有单词的一半。③(2017·高考四川卷)The airport to be completed next year will help promote tourism in this area.明年即将竣工的机场将有助于促进这个地区旅游业的发展。温馨提示 表示心理状态的动词ing形式意为“令人……的”;动词ed形式look,expression,tears,smile,voice等名词。
1.(2017·高考重庆卷)The producer comes regularly to collect the cameras________ to our shop for quality problems.B.returned D.to be returned解析:选B。考查非谓语动词作定语。句意:生产商定期来收回那些因为质量问题而被退回到我们商店的照相机。设空处作后置定语修饰cameras。return此处意为“退回”与return之间是被动关系故用过去分词作后置定语表示被动和完成的动作。(2017·高考山东卷)There is a note pinned to the door ________ when the shop will open again. 解析:选A。考查非谓语动词。句意:在门上钉着的那个便条的内容是这家商店何时再开张。首先分析句子结构可知There be句型中已经有了谓语动词is故首先排除B项 says。然后根据语意可知所填词要作后置定语修饰note。从逻辑关系上看与say之间是主A项在此用现在分词结构作后置定语。二、非谓语动词作状语
类型 用 法 例 句
不定式作状语 1.表示目的表示结果不定式作结果状语表示出乎意料的结果动词不定式前面常加only。①(2017·高考湖北卷)He’s the only student in the class that has been selected to take part in the Model United Nations conference.only to be told that the tickets have none.
现在分词作状语 一般式 doing 表示动作和谓语动作同时或几乎同时发生与句子的主语是主动关系。 ①The house is empty except for one shelf standing in a corner.(2017·高考大纲全国卷)I got to the office earlier that dayhaving caught the 7:30 train from Paddington.
(2017·高考江西卷)Having spent nearly all our money,
完成式 having done 表示动作发生在谓语动作之前。
被动式 having been done 表示动作发生在谓语动作之前与句子的主语是被动关系。
过去分词作状语 过去分词作状语时与句子主语之间是被动关系。Founded after the war,the hospital carries on offering good service.
1.(2017·高考四川卷)—I hope to take the computer course.________ more about it,visit this website.
A.To find out B.Finding out
C.To be finding outD.Having found out
解析:选A。考查非谓语动词。句意:——我希望能参加电脑课的学习。——好主意。要想了解更多就浏览这个网站吧。A项为动词不定式动词不定式放于句首作目的状语符合语境。B项为现在分词现在分词放于句首可作主语C项为动词不定式的进行时态。D项为现在分词的完成时态表示动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前均不符合语境。(2017·高考天津卷)Clearly and thoughtfully________ B.to writeC.writtenD.being written解析:选C。考查非谓语动词作状语。句意:写得既清楚又有思想这本书在那些希望寻求自己的答案的学生中激发了自信心。分析句子结构可知句子的主语the book与write之间构成了被动关系需要选有被动含义的选项可在C、D两项中选择。C项表示被动和完成根据句中学生受到了激发知write动作已经完成所以C项符合句意;而D项是现在分词的被动形式表示动作正在被进行不符合句意。A项句子的主语和动词write之间B项是不定式表示动作尚未发生也不符合题意。三、非谓语动词作宾语
情况 常用动词
只接不定式作宾语的动词 hope只接动名词作宾语的动词或短语 enjoy,imagine,practise,suggest,finish,escape,excuse,appreciate,admit,prevent,keep,dislike,avoid,risk,resist,consider
can’t help,feel like,succeed in,be fond of,object to,get down to,be engaged in,insist on,think of,be proud of,take pride in,set about,be afraid of,be tired of,look forward to,devote oneself to,be worth,be busy,pay attention to,stick to
两者都可以意义基本相同(接不定式多指具体的动作接动名词多指一般或习惯行为)
need,want,require(接动名词主动形式表示被动意义若接不定式则应用被动形式)
意义相反 stop to do(停止手中事去做另一件事)(停止正在做的事) 意义不同(指动作尚未发生)(指动作已经发生)go on to do(接着做另一件事)(接着做同一件事)try to do(设法努力去做尽力)(试着去做看有何结果) mean to do(打算做企图做)(意思是意味着)
can’t help to do(不能帮忙做)(忍不住要做)suggested holding a meeting on what to do for the Expo during the vacation.比尔建议开一个关于假期期间为世博会做些什么的会议。remember being taken to the Famen Temple and what I saw there.我仍记得别人带我去过法门寺并记得在那里所看到的一切。remembered to lock the door before I left the office,but forgot to turn off the lights.
在离开办公室前我记住了关门但是忘记了关灯。
1.(2017·高考陕西卷)It’s quite hot today. Do you feel like ________ for a swim?解析:选B。考查非谓语动词作宾语。句意:今天很热。你想去游泳吗?feel like意为“想要”后面接名词、代词或动名词。feel like doing sth.表示“想要做某事”符合语境。D项having gone表示动作已完成不符合语境。(2017·高考江西卷)When it comes to ________ in publicC.being spokenD.be spoken解析:选B。考查非谓语动词。句意:当谈到在公共场合演讲时没人能和他相比。做此题时可用排除法是固定搭配其后接名词或动词ing形式故排除A、D两项。空格处指“演讲”故不用被动形式选B项。四、非谓语动词作宾语补足语
类 型 常见动词 与宾语的逻辑关系及时间例 句 不定式
order,tell,
want,wish,
encourage(带to) 主谓关系。强调动作将发生或已经完成。 ①I asked him to help me.我喊他帮助我。
call me several times.
我听见他叫了我好几次。
have,notice,see,watch,
hear,feel,let,make(不带to)现在分词notice,see,watch,hear,
find,keep,
have,feel 主谓关系。强调动作正在进行尚未完成。 listening to the radio.
我发现她在听收音机。过去分词 动宾关系。动作已经完成多强调状态。 (2017·高考北京卷)When we saw the road blocked with snow
当看到道路被雪堵住的时候我们决定在家里度假。
1.(2017·高考江西卷)He is thought ________foolishly.Now he has no one but himself to blame for losing the job.B.to have acted解析:选B。考查非谓语动词作主语补足语。句意:他被认为是举止愚蠢的。失去这份工作只能怨他自己不能怨别人。be thought后应该接不定式发生在think之前故应该用不定式的完成式。(2017·高考四川卷)The manager was satisfied to see many new products ________ after great effort.ed B.to develop解析:选C。考查非谓语动词。句意:经理很满意地看到在做出很大的努力后许多新产品被开发出来了。分析题干可知题干中含有“see+宾语+宾语补足语”结构;宾语many new products与develop之间为被动关系故要用过去分词作宾语C项正确。五、非谓语动词作主语、表语
主语 动名词 表示抽象的、一般的行为 (2017·高考江苏卷)Having a baby in her unmarried state would have brought shame on the family in China在中国在她未婚的情况下生孩子会给家庭带来耻辱所以她或许保守我的存在的秘密。
不定式 it常作形式主语不定式为真正的主语 ①To see is to believe./Seeing is believing.to respect people.
表语 不定式 表示具体的动作特别是将来的动作 ①Their job is to build houses.to be a famous artist.
1.(2017·高考湖南卷)your own needs and styles of communication is as important as learning to convey your affection and emotions.
A.UnderstandingB.To be understood
C.Being understoodD.Having understood
解析:选A。考查非谓语动词作主语。句意:了解自己的需要和交流的方式与学会表达________ your own needs and styles of communication,非谓语动词中能作主语的只有不定式和动名词根据句意应用主动形式故选A动名词短语作主语谓语动词用单数。(2017·高考山东卷)It’s standard practice for a company like this one________ a security officer.s
解析:选C。考查非谓语动词作主语。句意:对像这样的一个公司来说雇用一个安全人员是常规做法。it是形式主语真正的主语是后面的不定式短语to employ a security officer。(2017·高考福建卷)For those with family members far awaying________.解析:选A。考查非谓语动词。句意:对那些与家人离得比较远的人来说个人电脑和电话在保持联系方面很重要。本句中的关键词是stay(保持)它是一个连系动词A项connected是形容词意为“有联系的有来往的”符合句意。stay connected是“stay+形容词化的过去分词”构成的系表结构。六、非谓语动词的时态和语态
非谓语动词 形 式 意 义
不定式一般式主动:to do 不定式动作与谓语动作同时发生或发生在谓语动作之后。
被动:to be done
进行式 to be doing 谓语动词发生时不定式表示的动作正在进行。
完成式 主动:to have done不定式动作发生在谓语动词之前。
被动:to have been done
动词ing形式 一般式 主动:doing 分词动作与谓语动作(几乎)同时发生或发生在谓语动作之后。
被动:being
完成式 主动:having done表示分词动作先于谓语动作发生。
被动:having been done
过去分词 done 表示被动与完成
温馨 提示 having been done与done作状语时没有明显区别可互换但having been done不能作定语。不及物动词的过去分词只表示完成不表示被动。①(2017·高考湖南卷)The sun began to rise in the skybathing the mountain in golden light.
太阳开始在空中升起使山峦沐浴在金色光辉之中。Having been asked to work overtime that evening,I missed a wonderful film.
我那天晚上因为被要求加班而错过了一场精彩的电影。to be published next year is based on a true story.明年即将出版的她的第一本小说是基于一个真实的故事写的。
1.(2017·高考北京卷)There are still many problems ________ before we are ready for a long stay on the Moon.B.solved D.to be solved解析:选D。考查非谓语动词。句意:在我们准备在月球上长住之前还有很多问题需要解决。由there are可知设空处为非谓语动词作后置定语修饰problems根据时间状语从句before we are ready for a long stay on the Moon可知动作solve发生在将来故用不定式结构而且problems与solve之间存在被动关系故用不定式的被动结构。(2017·高考北京卷)The film star wears sunglasses. Therefore________.cognizing
B.being recognized
C.having recognized
D.having been recognized
解析:选B。考查非谓语动词。句意:那位影星戴着墨镜因此他可以在没人认出的情况下购物了。without为介词后面接动名词形式;the film star与recognize之间存在被动关系故用动名词的被动式即“being done”结构。此题易误选D项为现在分词的被动式不作介词的宾语。
1.(2017·长沙模拟)With the bridge________next year B.to be built解析:选B。考查非谓语动词。句中的with短语作状语动词build与bridge之间是动宾关系时间状语next year表明是将来的动作而动词不定式表示尚未发生的动作。所以选B。(2017·湖南湘潭模拟)Because of the snowstorm our visit to the exhibition________till next week.
A.to be heldB.being held
C.heldD.having been held
解析:选B。考查非谓语动词。根据语境“we will have to put off our visit”及时间状语“till next week”可以判断出展览现在正在进行当中且下周也会进行。此外展览”与“举行”构成逻辑上的动宾关系故用现在分词的被动形式。________,but when she turned around,nobody was there.
A.to followB.following
C.being followedD.to be followed
解析:选C。考查非谓语动词。句意:在黑暗中她感到正在被人跟踪但当她转过身来时却没有人。动词follow与主语she之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系故此处应用被动语态故排除A、B项。又因语境中含有正在进行的意味所以选C项。 (2017·四川南充名校模拟)________in the country means that I can get up at 6:00 in the morning and enjoy the nice fresh air.ive
解析:选A。考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知是谓语所填的词在句中作主语故应用动名词形式再加上表述的为一般事实情况所以选Living。(2017·四川南充名校高三备战一行练习)Father’s Day________in the early part of the 20th century,is to show love for our fathers in the same way that people do to mothers on Mother’s Day.
A.introducingB.to be introduced
C.introducedD.being introduced
解析:选C。考查非谓语动词。introduce和Father’s Day是逻辑上的动宾关系故用过去分词作定语。(2017·湖南六校联考)Mr. Johnson, ________as a manager for many years, 解析:选A。考查非谓语动词。句意:由于已经当经理很多年了发现重新做回一名普通职员很难。主语Mr.Johnson与work之间为逻辑上的主动关系故应用现在分词形式由空后的时间状语“for many years”可知应该用完成式。________ into many languages,the book is popular in many countries.
A.Being translatedB.Having translated
C.To be translatedD.Having been translated
解析:选D。考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知所填词作状语逻辑主语是句子的主语the book非谓语动词与逻辑主语之间是被动关系且translate在谓语动词动作之前已经完成故用过去分词或现在分词的完成被动式故选D。(2017·合肥教学质检)________ with shameTo have filled
解析:选A。句意:男孩低着头满是羞愧地等着父亲的惩罚。根据短语“be filled with”可知此处用Filled with shame充当伴随状语。(2017·杭州高考科目质检)In the end I made myself understood________ the reason to the assistant several times.
A.explainingB.having explained解析:选B。考查非谓语动词。在题干中逗号之后为非谓语动词短语作时间状语且explain与其逻辑主语I是主动关系空格处的动作发生在谓语动词之前因此应B。(2017·合肥教学质检)Every morning I get up at :00se I have two dogs ________ at the door for me to take them out for the routine walk.
A.to waitB.wait
C.waitedD.waiting
解析:选D。句意:我每天早上6点起床因为我有两条狗在门口等着我带它们出去进行例行散步。这里用现在分词作宾语补足语。(2017·陕西宝鸡教学质检)It is silly of me ________all eggs in one basket. That is the worst mistake I have made.解析:选B。考查“It is++of sb. to do sth.”句型是形式主语不定式是真正的主语由“I have made”可以看出put所表示动作已经发生所以不定式用完成式故选B。(2017·四川 “联测促改”活动测试)________ another 10 days D.To give解析:选C。此处为过去分词短语作状语因为“再给10天时间”和句子主语“我们”之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系所以用过去分词短语表示被动故选C。________.apartment for much more money
解析:选C。考查非谓语动词作状语。非谓语作状语其逻辑主语应和句子主语一致而本题所给的四个选项中只有C项的主语(the house)可以和being painted搭配其句意:这所房子被粉刷、配备家具之C。(2017·合肥教学质检)________ her ambition of becoming a professional singer解析:选B。句意:为了实现她成为一名职业歌手的夙愿她从小就一直在刻苦训练。从句子成分和句意看这里用不定式的一般式作目的状语因此选B。(2017·成都高三诊断)—Mum________ mine?
—Yes. You have to wear another pair.
A.washingB.having washed
C.being washed D.having been washed
解析:选C。考查非谓语动词。此处为非谓语动词“the pair of gloves”的后置定语因为现在分词的完成式一般不作定语首先排除B和D;the pair of gloves与wash构成动宾关系应用被动语态排除A;根据答语中的“You have to wear another pair.”可知手套正在被洗故选C。