专项一 冠词
Ⅰ.语法填空(用适当的冠词填空，不需要填的用“/”代替)
1．(2017·浙江第一次五校联考)We don't think the experiment is
________ failure.At least we have gained ________
experience for future success.
答案 a；/ [第一空后的failure表示“失败的事”，因此其前面用不定冠词a，为抽象名词具体化的用法；experience表示“经验”时为不可数名词，此处表示泛指意义，所以第二空不用冠词。]
2. (2017·威海两校检测)—Where will you
start your work after
________
graduation?
—Mum, it's not been decided yet.I might continue my study for ________
higher degree.
答案 /；a [句意：“毕业后你会去哪儿工作呢？”“妈妈，这还没有决定呢。我或许会继续我的学业以获取一个更高的学位。”after graduation为固定搭配，意为“毕业之后”；后一个空处泛指“一个更高的学位”，故用不定冠词a。]
3．(2017·江西六校联考)University is ________
most worthwhile time of discovery and learning, and it is also ________
very enjoyable and valuable experience for every one of us.
答案 a；a [句意：大学是一段学习和探索的非常有价值的时光，而且对于我们每一个人来说也是一次很快乐很有价值的经历。第一空，因为没有明确的范围，故不用最高级，a most意为“很，非常”；experience意为“经历”时是可数名词，在这里是泛指，所以前面需要用不定冠词。]
4．(2017·青岛一模)I was told that ________ 10：20 flight would take us to Shanghai in time to reach
________ Fudan University.
答案 the；/ [句意：有人告诉我说10：20的航班会带我们去上海并及时到达复旦大学。“10：20的航班”是特指，故第一个空填the；复旦大学是专有名词，故第二个空不用冠词。]
5．(2017·江西重点中学联考)As ________ rule, parttime workers such as babysitters or English tutors are paid by ________ hour.
答案 a；the [第一个空泛指“某一个规则”，用不定冠词a；by the hour是固定用法，表示“按小时”。]
6．(2017·银川、吴忠部分中学高三联考)We all sighed with ________ relief when ________
plane finally landed safely.
答案 /；the [句意：当飞机最后安全着陆的时候，我们全都如释重负地松了一口气。relief作“轻松；解脱” 讲时，为不可数名词，故第一空不用冠词；“ ________ plane”特指我们乘坐的飞机，故第二空用定冠词the。]
7．(2017·安徽省级示范高中名校联考)As ________ birthplace of Huaxia civilization, Xi'an is ________ city with a long history and abundant cultural relics.
答案 the；a [句意：作为华夏文明的发源地，西安是一座拥有悠久历史和丰富文化底蕴的城市。birthplace后面有of短语作其后置定语，且“发源地”具有唯一性，故birthplace在本句中表特指，用定冠词the；第二空后的city为可数名词，但“拥有悠久历史和丰富的文化底蕴”的城市并非只有西安，故第二空应该表泛指，需用不定冠词。]
8．(2017·山东日照二模)The teacher praised me for ______ progress I'd made, which was ________ great encouragement to me.
答案 the；a [句意：老师因为我取得的进步而表扬我，这对我是一个很大的鼓励。本题考查冠词的用法。progress后有定语从句修饰，意为“我取得的进步”，为特指；第二空a great encouragement意为“一件很鼓舞人的事情”，此处encouragement为可数名词。]
9．(2017·郑州第一次质量检测)—How do you find the guy who took ________ office last week?
—He's always finding ________
fault with others.
答案 /；/ [句意：“你觉得上周就职的那个人怎么样？”“他总是找别人的茬。”take office“就职”，find fault with sb“找某人的茬”，两者均为固定短语，故两个空均不用冠词。]
10．(2017·河北普通高中教学质监)I found that she was unhappy and didn't say ________
word all ________ way home.
答案 a；the [句意：我发现她不高兴，回家的路上都没有说一句话。word表示“说的话”时，为可数名词，常和say,
understand, hear等词连用，故第一空用不定冠词a；all the
way home意为“回家的路上”，为固定搭配，故第二空用定冠词the。]
Ⅱ.语法与写作
改正下列句中的错误
1．(全国卷)After a hour or so we began to feel very frightened.__________
2．(全国卷) I decided to climb the tree to see where we were.__________
3．(全国卷)Some people read the books or watch television while others have sports.__________
4．(全国卷)Modern people know more about the health, have better food, and live in clearer surroundings.__________
5. (全国卷)There is public library in every town in Britain.__________
6．(全国卷) Maybe you could come during a winter holidays.__________
7．(全国卷)Today I visited the Smiths — my first visit to a American family.__________
8．(全国卷)Some wanted to see the programme while others preferred another.__________
9．(北京春季卷)I'll take this chance to wish you wonderful time on your birthday.__________
10．(全国卷)Suddenly, I caught a sight of my English teacher in the crowd.__________
11．(全国卷)My teacher advised me to keep my diary.__________
12．(江苏卷)When I was boy，the most exciting thing was to celebrate the Spring Festival.__________
13．(福建卷)Ten minutes later，the firemen came and put out fire.__________
14．(天津卷)As we all left home at early age...__________
答案
1．a →an [因 hour 读音以元音开头。]
2．the→a [因此处并非特指，而是泛指。]
3．去掉 the [因这里的 books 表泛指，不表特指。]
4．去掉 the [因health 表泛指。]
5．public library 前加 a [因这里的 public library 是单数可数名词表泛指，故在其前用 a。]
6．a → the [因从含义上看，此处的 winter holidays 属特指或者是谈话双方都知道的。]
7．a → an [因 American 的读音以元音开头。]
8．the → one [one 与下一行的 another 构成“一个……另一个”。]
9．wonderful 前加 a [该表达与 have a good time 类似，其中的 a 不可省。]
10．去掉 a [catch sight of 是习语，意为“看见、瞥见”。]
11．my diary →a diary [keep a diary 意为“写日记”。]
12．boy 前加 a [因 boy 为可数名词。]
13．fire 前加 the [因这是特指的一场火灾。]
14．early 前加 an [at an early age 意为“在年幼时”。]