专项一 冠词
Ⅰ.语法填空(用适当的冠词填空,不需要填的用“/”代替)
1.(2017·浙江第一次五校联考)We don't think the experiment is
________ failure.At least we have gained ________
experience for future success.
答案 a;/ [第一空后的failure表示“失败的事”,因此其前面用不定冠词a,为抽象名词具体化的用法;experience表示“经验”时为不可数名词,此处表示泛指意义,所以第二空不用冠词。]
2. (2017·威海两校检测)—Where will you
start your work after
________
graduation?
—Mum, it's not been decided yet.I might continue my study for ________
higher degree.
答案 /;a [句意:“毕业后你会去哪儿工作呢?”“妈妈,这还没有决定呢。我或许会继续我的学业以获取一个更高的学位。”after graduation为固定搭配,意为“毕业之后”;后一个空处泛指“一个更高的学位”,故用不定冠词a。]
3.(2017·江西六校联考)University is ________
most worthwhile time of discovery and learning, and it is also ________
very enjoyable and valuable experience for every one of us.
答案 a;a [句意:大学是一段学习和探索的非常有价值的时光,而且对于我们每一个人来说也是一次很快乐很有价值的经历。第一空,因为没有明确的范围,故不用最高级,a most意为“很,非常”;experience意为“经历”时是可数名词,在这里是泛指,所以前面需要用不定冠词。]
4.(2017·青岛一模)I was told that ________ 10:20 flight would take us to Shanghai in time to reach
________ Fudan University.
答案 the;/ [句意:有人告诉我说10:20的航班会带我们去上海并及时到达复旦大学。“10:20的航班”是特指,故第一个空填the;复旦大学是专有名词,故第二个空不用冠词。]
5.(2017·江西重点中学联考)As ________ rule, parttime workers such as babysitters or English tutors are paid by ________ hour.
答案 a;the [第一个空泛指“某一个规则”,用不定冠词a;by the hour是固定用法,表示“按小时”。]
6.(2017·银川、吴忠部分中学高三联考)We all sighed with ________ relief when ________
plane finally landed safely.
答案 /;the [句意:当飞机最后安全着陆的时候,我们全都如释重负地松了一口气。relief作“轻松;解脱” 讲时,为不可数名词,故第一空不用冠词;“ ________ plane”特指我们乘坐的飞机,故第二空用定冠词the。]
7.(2017·安徽省级示范高中名校联考)As ________ birthplace of Huaxia civilization, Xi'an is ________ city with a long history and abundant cultural relics.
答案 the;a [句意:作为华夏文明的发源地,西安是一座拥有悠久历史和丰富文化底蕴的城市。birthplace后面有of短语作其后置定语,且“发源地”具有唯一性,故birthplace在本句中表特指,用定冠词the;第二空后的city为可数名词,但“拥有悠久历史和丰富的文化底蕴”的城市并非只有西安,故第二空应该表泛指,需用不定冠词。]
8.(2017·山东日照二模)The teacher praised me for ______ progress I'd made, which was ________ great encouragement to me.
答案 the;a [句意:老师因为我取得的进步而表扬我,这对我是一个很大的鼓励。本题考查冠词的用法。progress后有定语从句修饰,意为“我取得的进步”,为特指;第二空a great encouragement意为“一件很鼓舞人的事情”,此处encouragement为可数名词。]
9.(2017·郑州第一次质量检测)—How do you find the guy who took ________ office last week?
—He's always finding ________
fault with others.
答案 /;/ [句意:“你觉得上周就职的那个人怎么样?”“他总是找别人的茬。”take office“就职”,find fault with sb“找某人的茬”,两者均为固定短语,故两个空均不用冠词。]
10.(2017·河北普通高中教学质监)I found that she was unhappy and didn't say ________
word all ________ way home.
答案 a;the [句意:我发现她不高兴,回家的路上都没有说一句话。word表示“说的话”时,为可数名词,常和say,
understand, hear等词连用,故第一空用不定冠词a;all the
way home意为“回家的路上”,为固定搭配,故第二空用定冠词the。]
Ⅱ.语法与写作
改正下列句中的错误
1.(全国卷)After a hour or so we began to feel very frightened.__________
2.(全国卷) I decided to climb the tree to see where we were.__________
3.(全国卷)Some people read the books or watch television while others have sports.__________
4.(全国卷)Modern people know more about the health, have better food, and live in clearer surroundings.__________
5. (全国卷)There is public library in every town in Britain.__________
6.(全国卷) Maybe you could come during a winter holidays.__________
7.(全国卷)Today I visited the Smiths — my first visit to a American family.__________
8.(全国卷)Some wanted to see the programme while others preferred another.__________
9.(北京春季卷)I'll take this chance to wish you wonderful time on your birthday.__________
10.(全国卷)Suddenly, I caught a sight of my English teacher in the crowd.__________
11.(全国卷)My teacher advised me to keep my diary.__________
12.(江苏卷)When I was boy,the most exciting thing was to celebrate the Spring Festival.__________
13.(福建卷)Ten minutes later,the firemen came and put out fire.__________
14.(天津卷)As we all left home at early age...__________
答案
1.a →an [因 hour 读音以元音开头。]
2.the→a [因此处并非特指,而是泛指。]
3.去掉 the [因这里的 books 表泛指,不表特指。]
4.去掉 the [因health 表泛指。]
5.public library 前加 a [因这里的 public library 是单数可数名词表泛指,故在其前用 a。]
6.a → the [因从含义上看,此处的 winter holidays 属特指或者是谈话双方都知道的。]
7.a → an [因 American 的读音以元音开头。]
8.the → one [one 与下一行的 another 构成“一个……另一个”。]
9.wonderful 前加 a [该表达与 have a good time 类似,其中的 a 不可省。]
10.去掉 a [catch sight of 是习语,意为“看见、瞥见”。]
11.my diary →a diary [keep a diary 意为“写日记”。]
12.boy 前加 a [因 boy 为可数名词。]
13.fire 前加 the [因这是特指的一场火灾。]
14.early 前加 an [at an early age 意为“在年幼时”。]
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