第二部分 语法专项突破()
真题改编,语法填空
1.(2017·陕西·19改编)________ village where I was born has grown into ________ town.
答案:The;a 句意:我出生的那个村庄已经发展成为一个城镇了。village后面有定语从句修饰,说明此处village为特指,故用定冠词,town在此处为泛指,故用不定冠词。
2.(2017·江西·22改编)They chose Tom to be ________ captain of the team because they knew he was ________ smart leader.
答案:the;a 句意:他们选择汤姆作为足球队的队长因为他们知道他是一位聪明的领导。第一个空用the表示特指“足球队的队长”;第二个空leader是可数名词,此处表示泛指,因此用不定冠词a。
3.(2017·重庆·6改编)I can't tell you ________ way to the Wilsons' because we don't have ________ Wilson here in the village.
答案:the;a 句意:我无法告诉你去威尔逊家的路,因为我们村里根本就没有叫威尔逊的人。第一个空表示特指去威尔逊家的路,故用定冠词the;第二个空表示泛指,因此用不定冠词a。
4.(2017·天津·8改编)Life is like ________ ocean: Only ________ strongwilled can reach the other shore.
答案:an;the 句意:生活就像大海,只有那些意志坚强的人才能到达彼岸。ocean为泛指,因此用不定冠词;strongwilled为形容词,与定冠词连用特指“意志坚强的人”。
5.(2017·浙江·2改编)The paper is due next month, and I am working seven days ________ week, often long into________night.
答案:a;the 句意:下个月要交论文了,我现在一个星期学习七天,每天都要学习到深夜。第一空a week中的a表示“每个”的含义,用不定冠词a,相当于per;而第二空into the night是固定用法,表示“入夜,深夜”,所以用定冠词the。
6.(2017·山东改编)It was ________ cold winter night and the moon was shining brightly across ________ night sky.
答案:a; the 本题考查冠词。句意:那是一个寒冷冬天的晚上,月亮在夜晚的空中闪闪发光。第一空表示泛指,且night是可数名词,故用a;sky是独一无二的事物,故用定冠词。
7.(2017·陕西改编)Marco Polo is said to have sailed on ________ Pacific Ocean on his way to Java in ________ thirteenth century.
答案:the; the 本题考查冠词。句意:据说马可·波罗在十三世纪去爪哇的路上在太平洋上航行过。在表示“江河湖海山脉群岛”的名词前加定冠词the;在世纪表达法中的序数词前面要用定冠词the。
8.(2017·重庆改编)The parents were shocked by ________ news that their son needed ________ operation on his knee.
答案:the;an 本题考查冠词。句意:这对父母听到儿子需要做膝盖手术的消息很震惊。由语境可知,第一空特指“儿子膝盖要做手术的消息”,news前要加定冠词the;第二空operation作“手术”讲时为可数名词,此处是指“某一个手术”,前要加不定冠词an。
9.(2017·江西改编)Animals are obviously ________ lower form of life than ________ man.
答案:a;/ 考查冠词。句意:很明显动物是一种比人类低级的生物形式。空一用不定冠词表示“一种”,man表示“人类”时,前面不加冠词。
10.(2017·福建改编)The “Chinese Dream” is ________ dream to improve people's wellbeing and ________ dream of harmony, peace and development.
答案:a;a 本题考查冠词用于泛指的用法。由句意“中国梦是一个要改善人们的福利的梦并且是一个和谐、和平以及发展的梦想。”可知两空均为泛指。
11.(2017·新课标全国改编)Four and ________ half hours of discussion took us up to midnight, and ________ break for cheese, chocolate and tea with sugar.
答案:a;a 本题考查冠词的用法。句意:四个半小时的讨论使我们到了半夜,休息了一会儿吃了点奶酪、巧克力,喝了点茶。“半个小时”的说法是:half an hour或a half hour。break“间歇”,是单数可数名词,如have a break“休息一会儿”。
12.(2017·新课标全国改编)India attained ________ independence in 1947, after ________ long struggle.
答案:不填; a 本题考查冠词的用法。句意:经过很长的斗争后,印度在1947年独立了。independence“(国家的)独立,自主”,是不可数名词,其前不用冠词。struggle是单数名词,其前加不定冠词a。
13.(2017·安徽改编)Carl is studying ________ food science at college and hopes to open up ________meat processing factory of his own one day.
答案:/;a 句意:卡尔正在大学学习食品科学,他希望有一天能开办一个属于他自己的肉食加工厂。学科类名词前不用冠词,故第一个空不填冠词;第二个空表示泛指,强调数量“一”,所以用不定冠词。
14.(2017·江西改编)The Smiths don't usually like staying at ________hotels,but last summer they spent a few days at a very nice hotel by ________sea.
答案:/;the hotels在此处是泛指,所以第一个空不用任何冠词;by the sea意为“在海边”。
15.(2017·辽宁改编)I woke up with ________bad headache,yet by ________ evening the pain had gone.
答案:a;the 句意:我起床时剧烈头痛,不过到了晚上疼痛消失了。第一个空用不定冠词构成a bad headache,第二个空要用定冠词为习惯用法。
16.(2017·四川改编)We are said to be living in ________Information Age,________time of new discoveries and great changes.
答案:the;a 第一个空指的是信息时代,是对Information Age的特指,应使用the。第二个空a time of...作了前面Information Age的同位语,意为“一个……的时代”,是泛指概念。句意:据说我们生活在信息时代,一个拥有新的发现和巨大变化的时代。
17.(2017·浙江改编)The development of industry has been ________gradual process throughout ________human existence,from stone tools to modern technology.
答案:a;不填 process是一个可数名词,此处用不定冠词修饰,表示“一个逐步的过程”;第二个空后面的human existence是抽象名词,前面不需要任何冠词。
18.(2017·山东改编)Being able to afford ________ drink would be ________comfort in those tough times.
答案:a;a 句意:在那艰苦的岁月里能够买得起一杯饮料将会是一种安慰。drink在此句中表泛指,指“一杯或一种饮料”;comfort作“安慰,舒适”讲时,为不可数名词,但在此用a comfort表示“一个令人安慰的人或事”,comfort为可数名词。
19.(2017·重庆改编)Sam has been appointed ________manager of the engineering department to take ________place of George.
答案:/;the “manager of the engineering department”在句中作主语补足语。表示独一无二的头衔作同位语、主语补足语和宾语补足语时前面不加冠词;take the place of“代替”,为固定短语。句意:萨姆已经被委任为工程部的经理来代替乔治。
20.(2017·全国改编)He missed ________gold in the high jump,but will get ________second chance in the long jump.
答案:the;a 第一个空是特指跳高的金牌,因此要用the gold;第二个空表示“又一次机会”,不表示特指。应用a。
21. (2017·课标全国改编)Sarah looked at ________finished painting with ________satisfaction.
答案:the;不填 第一空应用定冠词,特指“完成的那幅画”;第二个空不用冠词,with satisfaction为固定短语,意为“满意地”。
22.(2017·银川、吴忠部分中学高三联考改编)We all sighed with ________ relief when ________ plane finally landed safely.
答案:/; the 句意:当飞机最后安全着陆的时候,我们全都如释重负地松了一口气。relief作“轻松,解脱”讲时,为不可数名词,故第一空不填;第二个空特指“我们”乘坐的飞机,故第二空用定冠词the。
23.(2017·甘肃兰州、靖远名校高三模拟改编) Social practice is an opportunity for students to gain ________ better understanding of how ________ society operates.
答案:a; / gain a better understanding of...表示“获得对……更好的理解”,故第一空用不定冠词a; society表示“社会”,其前不需要用冠词。
24.(2017·辽宁六校高三上学期联考改编)In ________ face of more and more “dropout factories”, many people prefer to be paid on ________ daily basis.
答案:the; a 句意:面对越来越多的“中途倒闭工厂”,很多人更喜欢按天结算报酬。in the face of是固定短语,表示“面对”;on a daily basis表示“每天”,也是固定短语,表示“面对”;on a daily basis表示“每天”,也是固定用法。
25.(2017·河南郑州高中毕业班质量预测改编)—How do you find the guy who took ________ office last week?
—He's always finding ________ fault with others.
答案:/; / 句意:——“你觉得上周就职的那个人怎么样?”——“他总是找别人的茬”。take office“就职”,find fault with sb“找某人的茬”,两者均为固定短语,故两个空均不填冠词。
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