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第二部分 专题十 名词性从句 第二部分 一、4大名词性从句的难点 1.主语从句 (1)that连接从句时,没有具体意思,不充当句子成分,只是起标志性的作用,但that不能省略。 It never occurred to me that you could succeed in persuading him to change his mind. 我从来没想到你会成功地说服他改变主意。 (2)whether连接从句时,表示怀疑,不能省略,意为“是否”,在句首时不能用if替换。 It is still under discussion whether the old bus station should be replaced with a modern hotel or not. 旧汽车站是否应该被重建为现代化的宾馆仍然在商讨中。 (3)连接代词、连接副词引导主语从句时不能省略,并在从句中充当句子成分。 It was never clear why the man hadn't reported the accident sooner. 这个人为什么没有尽快报告这个事故,还不清楚。 (4)主语从句要用陈述语序,即主谓语序。 名师点拨 (1)用it作形式主语的常用句型有: ①It+系动词十形容词(necessary/right/likely/unlikely/wrong /important/certain等)+that从句 ②It+be+名词(短语)(a pity/a shame/no wonder等)+that从句 ③It+be+过去分词(said/told/reported/decided等)+that从句 ④It+特殊动词(seems,appears,happens,matters)+that从句 (2)在It is necessary/important/suggested/advised/ordered+that从句结构中,从句用“(should+)动词原形”。
2.宾语从句 (1)that连接宾语从句时通常可以省略(但多个并列的宾语从句中只能省略第一个that),没有具体的意思,不充当句子成分,只是起连接作用。 He said that he was from Hunan Province. 他说他来自湖南省。
(2)whether/if连接的宾语从句,whether/if意为“是否”(但在whether...or not结构中,或者宾语从句作介词的宾语时;以及whether+to do结构中只能用whether,不能用if来替换)。 We've offered her the job,but I don't know whether she'll accept it. 我们已经为她提供了这份工作,但我不知道她是否会接受。
(3)连接代词、连接副词引导宾语从句时不能省略,并在从句中充当句子成分。 Our teachers always tell us to believe in what we do and who we are if we want to succeed. 老师总是告诉我们,如果想要成功,就要相信我们所做的事情以及我们是谁。
(4)有些动词或动词短语,如like,hate,appreciate,hide,depend on,see to等,一般不直接跟宾语从句,需要在从句前加上it. I don't like it when you look at me like that! 我不喜欢你那样看我! (5)不论主句为何种句型,宾语从句都用陈述语序。
3.表语从句 (1)that连接从句时从句为一个句意完整的陈述句,that不能省略,没有具体的意思,不充当句子成分,只是起连接作用。 Part of the reason Charles Dickens loved his own novel,David Copperfield,was that it was rather closely modeled on his own life. 狄更斯喜欢他自己创作的小说《大卫·科波菲尔》的部分原因是小说非常贴近他本人的真实生活。
(2)whether连接从句时从句来源于一般疑问句,为一个句意完整、语气不确定的陈述句。whether不能省略,意为“是否”,不能用if替换。 (3)特殊疑问词连接从句时从句来源于特殊疑问句,特殊疑问词不能省略,在从句中充当句子成分。 I'd like to start my own business—that's what I'd do if I had the money. 如果我有这么多钱,我会自己做买卖,那就是我想做的事情。 (4)表语从句要用陈述语序,即主谓语序。 名师点拨 常见的表语从句句型: (1)It looks/seems as if...好像……;仿佛…… (2)This is because...这是因为…… (3)The reason why...is that...……的原因是…… (4)That is why...那就是……的原因 (5)The question/problem is whether/when/where...问题是…… (6)His dream/suggestion/aim/purpose is that... 他的梦想/建议/目标/目的是…… 4.同位语从句 (1)that连接从句时从句为一个句意完整的陈述句,that不能省略,没有具体的意思,不充当句子成分,只起连接作用。 When the news came that the war broke out,he decided to serve in the army. 当战争爆发的消息传来时,他决定到军队中服役。 (2)whether连接从句时从句来源于一般疑问句,whether不能省略,意为“是否”,不能用if替换。 He asked her the question whether they can be friends. 他问她一个问题:他们能否成为朋友。
(3)特殊疑问词连接从句时从句来源于特殊疑问句,特殊疑问词不能省略,在从句中充当句子成分。 He showed us his way how he worked out that problem. 他向我们展示了计算那道题的方法。 (4)同位语从句要用陈述语序,即主谓语序。
名师点拨 (1)suggestion,advice,order,request,requirement等名词的同位语从句需用“(should+)动词原形”。 (2)常见的同位语从句直接放在抽象名词之后,分隔式同位语从句是指抽象名词和同位语从句之间出现谓语动词,以平衡句子结构,避免头重脚轻。例如:The fact is clear that he is innocent in the accident.事实很清楚:在这起事故中他是无辜的。
二、易混连接词的辨析 连词 主要区别 典句例示 that和what的区别 that引导名词性从句时,在从句中不充当任何句子成分,也没有任何含义;而what引导名词性从句时,在从句中都要充当一定的句子成分,并有相应的含义 ①The problem is that we don't have enough money. 问题是我们没有足够的钱。 ②His writing is so confusing that it's difficult to make out what it is he is trying to express. 他的笔迹非常混乱,很难弄清他想表达什么意思。 同位语从句与定语从句中that的区别 同位语从句中的连词that只起连接作用,在从句中不充当任何句子成分;而定语从句中的关系代词that在句中作宾语或主语,定语与先行词有修饰关系 ①There is clear evidence that the most difficult feeling of all to interpret is bodily pain. 有清晰的证据证明最难诠释的感情是身体上的疼痛。(同位语从句) ②The hope(that) she expressed is that they would come to visit China again. 她所表达的希望是他们能再次访问中国。(定语从句) 连词 主要区别 典句例示 whether和if的区别 whether和if在宾语从句中可以互换,但是作介词宾语时连接词一般用whether It all depends on whether they will come back. 那取决于他们是否回来。 后面直接跟or not时只能用whether I didn't know whether or not he had arrived in Wuhan. 我不知道他是否已到达武汉。 主语从句、表语从句中只能用whether Whether the meeting will be put off has not been decided yet. 会议是否被推迟还未被决定。 whether可以引导同位语从句,用以说明前面的名词的内容,而if不能 We ought to discuss the question carefully whether we can do it or not. 我们应当仔细讨论这个问题:我们是否能做它。 whether常与or连用表示一种选择,if不能这样用;whether也可与动词不定式连用但if不能 ①The question of whether they are male or female is not important. 他们的性别问题并不重要。 ②I don't know whether to leave or not. 我不知道是否要离开。