走向高考 · 英语 人教版(课标卷地区) · 高考总复习
语法专项突破
第二部分 专题二 代词与介词 第二部分 代 词 一、代词的分类 人称代词 主格 I，you，he，she，it，we，they 作主语或表语 He is one of my best friends.
宾格 me，you，him，her，it，us，them
作宾语：在省略句中单独使用或在not后，多用宾格 ①－I like English.
－Me too.
②－Have more wine?
－Not me.
物主代词 形容词性 my，your，his，her，its，our，their 作定语 I don't know why your book is on my desk.
名词性 mine，yours，his，hers，its，ours，theirs 作主语、表语或宾语 ①May I use your pen？Yours works better. ②The life I have is yours. 反身代词 myself，yourself，himself, herself，itself, ourselves，yourselves，themselves 作宾语、表语或同位语 ①Make yourself at home.
②I'm not quite myself today.
③I think I myself can do it. 指示代词 this，that，those，these，such，some 作主语、表语、宾语或定语 ①This is a novel and that is a magazine.
②In those days they could not go to school.
温馨提示 常见的带反身代词的一些固定搭配：
by oneself独自地；for oneself亲自；enjoy oneself玩得开心，过得愉快 ；Behave yourself！规矩点！devote oneself to专心于；献身于；apply oneself to专心致志于；adapt oneself to适应于；help oneself to擅自取用
二、不定代词的用法
1．something，anything，nothing的区别 something (1)一般用于肯定句，表示“某事，某物”；被认为是重要的或值得注意的事。
(2)也可用于疑问句，表示请求、邀请、征询意见等。
anything (1)表示“任何东西，任何事物”，一般用于否定句、疑问句或条件句；
(2)也可用于肯定句，当“任何事情”讲；
(3)anything but 根本不。
nothing 表示“没有什么，没有一件东西”，常用于陈述句，表示否定意义。
①There is something in his words.We should have a try.
他说的话不无道理，我们应该试一试。
②—What do you think of the lecture?
—Anything but interesting but I've managed to survive it.
——你认为讲座怎么样？ ——一点意思都没有，但是我还是坚持着听完了。
2．none，nothing，no one/nobody的用法比较 none none既指人也指物，后面可接of短语，一般用来回答how many，how much和which的提问。
nothing nothing只指事物，后面不能接of短语，用来回答what的提问。
no one/ nobody no one和nobody只指人不指物，其后不接of短语，一般回答who的提问。
①—How much bread is there?
—None.I wish you could offer me some.
——还有多少面包？
——一点没有了。我希望你能给我一些。
②—What have you been doing today?
—Oh，nothing special，just hanging around.
——今天你都干了什么？
——哦，没有什么特别的，只是闲逛。
3．the other，other，another，others的用法比较 the other，other the other 可单独使用，特指两个人或物中的“另一个”；也可修饰名词表示“另外的……”。other不能单独使用，只能修饰名词，表示泛指意义。
another 可单独使用，也可修饰名词，泛指三者或三者以上的人或物中的“另一个”，代替或修饰单数可数名词。另外another后可接“基数词/few＋复数名词”形式，表示“另外的……(多少)”。
others 单独使用，表示泛指意义，意为“其他的人或事物”，常与some一起出现；特指“其他的全部人或事物”时用the others。
①I'll spend half of my holiday practising English and the other half learning drawing. 我准备把我假日时间的一半用来练习英语，另一半时间学习绘画。
②The microblog has become another classroom for me，and the teachers are all big names in academia. 微博已成为我的第二课堂，这里的老师们都是学术界的大师级人物。
③You are a team star！Working with others is really your cup of tea.
你是队里的明星！与别人一起工作的确是你的所爱。 4．it，that，one的用法比较
it 特指前面提到过的同一个人或者物 I can't find my hat，I don't know where I put it.
that that用来替代前面出现的特指的单数可数名词或特指的不可数名词，相当于the＋单数/不可数名词 ①The basic design of the car is very similar to that of the earlier model.
这款车的基本设计与之前车型的设计非常相似。
②The scenery in the southern mountains is quite different from that of the city in the north.
南部山区的风景与北部城市的风景迥异。
one 指代前面出现过的那类事物中的“一个”，其复数形式为ones。
①We've been looking for a cheap house but haven't found one yet.
我一直在找一个便宜的房子但是还没有找到。
②Mr.Zhang gave me a very valuable present，one(＝a present) that I had never seen. 张先生给我一件非常有价值的礼物，一件我从来没有见过的礼物。
③The book on the desk is better than the one(＝the book)under the desk.
桌上的那本书比桌下的那本书好。
三、指示代词的用法
1．this，these，that，those的用法 this与these往往指时间或空间较近的人或物；that与those指时间或空间较远的人或物。
Is there any way of solving these problems?
有什么解决这些问题的方法吗？
2．such，so的用法
(1)such指如前所述的这样的人或物。
Such is Cao Mao Sister，a diligent farmer with great passions in music. 这就是草帽姐，一个勤劳同时又对音乐有很大的热情的农民。
(2)so作指示代词时，代替一个句子或短语所表达的事情，一般用在believe，think，expect，suppose，imagine，guess，hope等后面，如I think so./I don't think so.
—Is he coming tonight?
—I think so./I don't think so.
——他今晚来吗？
——我想是的。/我认为他不来。
四、it的用法 it作形式主语或形式宾语代指不定式、动词－ing形式、名词性从句。
①He didn't make it clear when and where the meeting would be held.
②It's no use complaining without taking action.
表示“喜欢、恨”等心理方面的动词后面接it，构成固定结构，这类动词有enjoy，prefer，love，like，hate，dislike，appreciate等。 —A lovely day，isn't it? —Yes.I love it when the weather is like this.Why not go out for a walk？ when it comes to...当提及到……
When it comes to saving energy，big changes start with small steps，like turning off the lights. make it成功；确定时间为……(后接时间类名词)；as it is事实上；照原样；get it明白了； take it for granted that...认为……是理所当然的…… Sarah made it to the airport just in time to catch her plane this morning.
介 词 一、表示空间关系的介词 off 离开，偏离
at 在……上
around 在……周围
on 在……上
in 在……里
over 在……正上方
above 在……上方
under 在……下面
below 在……下方
behind 在……后面
across 横跨
①The Well Hotel stands in a quiet place off the main road at the far end of the lake.
Well饭店坐落于湖尽头的大路附近一个非常安静的地方。
②Do you think this shirt is too tight across the shoulders?
你觉得这件衬衫在肩膀这个地方是不是太紧了？
二、表示时间的介词 at 在……时(强调时间点)
on 在……时(跟具体的某一天或某一天的上/下午)
in 在……之后，在哪一月/年
since 自从
for 长达
until 直到
during/over 在……期间
On the morning of my mother's birthday，I usually help my mother do some housework.
在我母亲生日那天上午，我通常帮我母亲做些家务。
三、表示工具、手段、方式、原因、所属关系的介词
with＋具体的某物；by＋动词－ing/工具；in＋语言/颜色/原料等；for由于……的原因；of在……范围内。
Of all the animals I've ever had，these two dogs are the most sensitive to the spoken word.
在我养过的所有动物中，这两只狗对口头语言最敏感。 四、with复合结构
with复合结构常用来作状语，表示伴随、原因等，此外还可以作名词的定语。 搭配 示例
with＋n./pron.＋adj. ①He just sat there with his mouth open. ②I suddenly saw a man with one of his eyes closed.
with＋n./pron.＋adv. ①He fell asleep with the light still on.
②With her mother away，the girl felt lonely.
with＋n./pron. ＋doing ①With so many people watching，she felt at a loss. ②In parts of Asia you must not sit with your feet pointing at another person.
with＋n./pron.＋done ①With the work done，they went for a swim.
②He stood for an instant with his hand raised.
with＋n./pron.＋prep.
①I sat down on one of those modern chairs with holes in it and waited.
②The old man walked with a stick in his hand.
with＋n./pron.＋to do ①With nothing to do，he slept the whole afternoon.
②With so much work to do，how can I expect some time of my own?
五、介词的固定短语 instead of 代替
other than/apart from 除……之外
because of/thanks to/due to/owing to 由于
by accident/chance 碰巧
on/above/below average 平均而言/在平均水平以上/在平均水平以下
in surprise/detail/brief/time 吃惊地/详细地/简言之/及时
on time/purpose 按时/故意地
on the contrary 正相反，相反地
Brown said he was by no means annoyed；on the contrary，he was glad to be able to make himself clearly understood. 布朗说他绝不生气，相反他很高兴能让别人清楚地了解他自己。