2017届高考英语复习冲刺阶段经典讲义系列突破阅读理解 4

　　美文赏析

　　With both the mum and dad working in a family, has a child's view of his father changed？Have fathers lost the position of being No.1？Unlike earlier days in most of the families，both husband and wife are working.So the fathers are forced to do some of the jobs only mothers did in the past，which has caused a series of changes.

　　It is really helping to improve the interaction between fathers and their children.It has paved way for direct interaction with the children and the children also feel free to discuss with their fathers.

　　On the one hand，this gives the children a chance to know more about their father and they look up to② their fathers as friends.There was a time the children were scared to interact with their father and if at all they wanted to communicate they tried through their mother.

　　On the other hand，since there is a day­to­day interaction with the children the fathers are also getting a chance to understand their children.

　　It was in the past that the fathers were smart enough to take the credit of all achievements and they

　　were quick enough to blame the mothers for all wrongdoings.Now with the father's increased involvement③ they are forced to share the ownership. This is also helping to improve the relationship between husband and wife.

　　It plays a major role in molding④ their children.Father's role is very important in giving discipline to children.Fathers know how to keep a distance with their children.It is important for any father to draw a line in their relationship with their children till a certain age so that children can be guided well.Children expect their fathers to be a role model.

　　So fathers today have lost the position of being the enforcers(强制执行人)in a family.Children now view their fathers more as a friend than as a leading

　　figure and it has become easier for fathers to bring up⑤ their children.

　　【解题导语】　随着社会的发展，父亲在家庭中的地位和角色也在不断地发生着变化，由此也带来了一系列对家庭有利的方面。

　　一、阅读与积累

　　1．攻克疑难词汇

　　interaction n．互动

　　②look up to 尊敬，尊重

　　I've always looked up to Bill for his courage and determination.我一直很敬重比尔，他既勇敢又果断。

　　③involvement n．参与

　　④mold v．塑造

　　⑤bring up抚养

　　2．攻克疑难句

　　It was in the past that the fathers were smart enough to take the credit of all achievements and they were quick enough to blame the mothers for all wrongdoings.

　　结构分析　整句话是一个强调句结构，强调的是时间状语in the past；句中还含有两处“be＋adj.＋enough＋to do”结构；句中短语take the credit of...的意思是“把……归功于……”。

　　尝试翻译　就是在过去，父亲们很潇洒地将所有的功劳据为己有，并且他们会因各种各样的错误而很快地去指责母亲们。

　　二、理解与尝试命题

　　1．理解文章主旨

　　The passage mainly tells us the_changes_the_role_that_the_father_plays_in_molding_his_children.

　　2．阅读理解尝试命题

　　请根据阅读理解篇章结构题的特点，试着给下面试题写出干扰项，然后叫你同桌试做一下。

　　Which of the following shows the organization of the passage?

　　A.

　　B．________

　　C．________

　　D．________

　　CP：Central Point　P：Point　SP：Sub­point(次要点)　C：Conclusion

　　参考答案　

　　3．解题技法点拨

　　阅读理解篇章结构题解题技巧：理清文章脉络篇章结构题既可考查对各节叙述特点的判断(如总述—分述—总述；以时间推移为线索；以地点变换为线索；以列举并列内容为线索；以对比角度为线索)，又可考查对各节功能特点的判断(如论点、论证、结论)，还可考

　　查对各节逻辑特点的判断(如时间、地点、目的、结果、原因、转折、递进、并列)。解题时应认真分析各节内容与文章主旨之间的关系，分析各节通过什么手段服务主旨，相互之间是什么关系，从而对文章的篇章结构进行准确判断。

　　[真 题 典 例]

　　(2017·陕西卷C)According to sociologists(社会学家)，every modern industrial society has some form of social stratification(阶层)．Class，power and status are important in deciding people's rank in society.

　　Class means a person's economic position in society.A commonly used classification is lower class，middle class and upper class.While sociologists disagree on how these terms should be exactly defined，they do describe societies like the United States quite well.One study shows that 53% of Americans belong to the lower class,46% the middle class，and 1% the upper class.Interestingly，a surgeon earning $500,000 a year and a bus driver earning $50,000 a year both regard themselves as the middle class!

　　Power refers to the amount of control a person has over other people.Obviously，people in positions of great power (such as governors) exercise(行使) big power，but people who take orders from others have less power.Power and class do not always go hand in hand，however.For example，the governor of a state has great power，but he or she may not belong to a corresponding(相应的) economic class.Generally，however，there is a relationship between power and class.To our knowledge，there aren't too many people who aren't millionaires in the U．S.Senate!

　　Status is the honor or respect attached to a person's position in society.It can also be affected by power and class，but not necessarily so.For example，a university professor may have a high status but not belong to a high social class or have a lot of power over others.

　　Which of the following shows the structure of the whole text?

　　(P：Paragraph)

　　答案　A　[篇章结构题。文章第一段总述了三个方面(class，power，status)在定义阶层中的作用，第二段(class)、第三段(power)和第四段(status)分别叙述了它们的作用，文章结构为总—分式，所以选择A项。]

　　[学 以 致 用]

　　Wilderness

　　(2017·北京卷阅读理解D篇)“In wilderness(荒野)is the preservation of the world.”This is a famous saying from a writer regarded as one of the fathers of environ­mentalism.The frequency with which it is borrowed mirrors a heated debate on environmental protection：whether to place wilderness at the heart of what is to be preserved.

　　As John Sauven of Greenpeace UK points out，there is

　　a strong appeal in images of the wild，the untouched；more than anything else，they speak of the nature that many people value most dearly.The urge to leave the subject of such images untouched is strong，and the danger exploitation (开发)brings to such landscapes(景观)is real.Some of these wildernesses also perform functions that humans need—the rainforests，for example，store carbon in vast quantities.To Mr.Sauven，these“ecosystem services”far outweigh the gains from exploitation.

　　Lee Lane，a visiting fellow at the Hudson Institute，takes the opposing view.He acknowledges that wildernesses do provide useful services，such as water conservation.But that is

　　not，he argues，a

　　reason

　　to

　　avoid

　　all

　　human presence，or indeed commercial and industrial exploitation.There are ever more people on the Earth，and they reasonably and rightfully want to have better lives，rather than

　　merely struggle for survival.While the ways of using resources have improved，there is still a growing need for raw

　　materials，and some wildernesses contain them in abundance.If they can be tapped without reducing the services those wildernesses provide，the argument goes，there is no further reason not to do so.Being untouched is not，in itself，a characteristic worth valuing above all others.

　　I look forward to seeing these views taken further，and to their being challenged by the other participants.One

　　challenge that suggests itself to me is that both cases need to take on the question of spiritual value a little more directly.And there is a practical question as to whether wildernesses can be exploited without harm.

　　This is a topic that calls for not only free expression of feelings，but also the guidance of reason.What position wilderness should enjoy in the preservation of the world obviously deserves much more serious thinking.

　　Which of the following shows the structure of the passage?

　　CP：Central Point　P：Point　Sp：Sub­point(次要点)

　　C：Conclusion

　　答案　D　[文章第一段提出中心论点；第二、三两段分别阐述了两种不同的观点；第四段是作者自己的观点；最后一段是文章的结论。]