2016届高三英语一轮复习讲义：Book 1 unit 2

　　重点识记词汇 1.generous adj.慷慨的，大方的

　　2.explore vt.探测；勘探

　　3．peacefully adv.和平地，平静地

　　4.millions of数百万

　　5．found vt.建立，创立

　　6.opinion n．意见，看法，主张

　　7．in one’s opinion在某人看来

　　8.personally adv.就自己而言

　　9．flight n．飞行；航班→fly v．飞

　　10.struggle n．&v.斗争，拼搏

　　11．march vi.&n.游行示威；行军

　　12.judge...by...依据……评判

　　13．violence n．暴力，暴行

　　14.let out发出，放出(声音等)

　　15．be strict with sb.对某人严格

　　16.keen adj.强烈的；渴望的

　　17．amazing adj.令人惊异的

　　18.come to an end结束

　　19．disaster n．灾难

　　20.on one’s own独立地

　　21．promote vt.促进，提升

　　22.give up放弃

　　23．get on融洽相处；进展

　　24.get involved with参加，参与

　　25．far too太，极为

　　26.react vi.反应

　　27．quality n．质量；品质

　　28.confident adj.自信的

　　29．admire vt.钦佩，羡慕

　　30.come off it别胡扯

　　31．atmosphere n．大气；气氛

　　32.protest n．抗议

　　33．personally adv.就自己而言→person n．个人

　　34.come to do sth.开始(认识、理解)

　　35．injury n．伤害，损害→injure v．伤害，损害

　　36.pull through使从(受伤)中活下来；渡过难关

　　37．commit vt.犯(错误)，干(坏事)→commit suicide自杀

　　38．equal adj.平等的；n.平等的人(物)；v.等于；与……匹敌

　　39．compete vi.比赛，竞争→compete against/with同……竞争/比赛

　　40．calm adj.镇静的，沉着的；v.(使)平静，(使)镇静；n.平静的状态

　　41．character n．人物；性格→characteristic adj.典型的，独特的；n.特征，特点

　　42．explore vt.探测；勘探→exploration n．探测；探究

　　43．revolution n．革命→revolutionary n．革命者；adj.革命的

　　44．brilliant adj.卓越的→brilliantly adv.鲜明地；才华横溢地

　　45．skilful adv.灵巧的，熟练的→skill n．熟练；本领，技能

　　46．useless adj.差劲的；无用的→useful adj.(反义词)有用的

　　47．unusual adj.不平常的→usual adj.通常的，寻常的

　　48．champion n．冠军→championship n．冠军称号；锦标赛

　　49．fortunately adv.幸运地→fortunate adj.幸运的→fortune n．幸运；财产；命运

　　50．relationship n．关系→relation n．关联；亲戚(关系)

　　51．dead adv.完全地，绝对地→deadly adj.致命的；adv.极其，非常；死一般地

　　52．absolutely adv.当然；绝对地→absolute adj.绝对的

　　必背经典句式 1.The spaceship，called Shenzhou Ⅴ，was carrying China’s first astronaut，Yang Liwei.

　　这艘命名为“神舟5号”的宇宙飞船载着中国第一位宇航员杨利伟飞向太空。

　　2．Millions of people all over China were watching TV when the spaceship landed safely.

　　在飞船安全着陆的时刻，全中国数百万人都在观看电视。

　　3．Jennifer was in the kitchen，with her hands in a bowl of flour，when she saw a small boy climb into a truck.

　　詹妮弗在厨房里，双手在面粉碗里，这时她看到一个小男孩爬进了一辆卡车。

　　4．Give me a challenge and I’ll meet it with joy.

　　给我一个挑战，我将高兴地面对它。

　　5. Brandi，the sisters’ mother，taught her daughters at home so that they completed their high school while developing their tennis careers.

　　布兰迪，这对姐妹的母亲，在家里教她的女儿们，使得她们在发展网球职业的同时也完成了高中学业。

　　6．This is how I got involved with my charity work to improve the quality of life for all disabled people.

　　这就是我怎样参与到慈善活动中，改善残疾人生活质量的。

　　构词记忆 　disability /ˌdIsəbIlətI/n.[C]&[U]缺陷；伤残

　　disadvantage /ˌdIsədvɑːntIdʒ/n.[C]&[U]不利；不利条件；缺点

　　disagreement /ˌdIsəɡriːmənt/n.[C]&[U]意见不一；分歧；争论

　　discount /dIskaʊnt/n.[C]&[U]折扣；vt.打折扣；不全信；低估

　　Ⅰ.词汇与派生

　　A．语境填词

　　1．Perhaps there’s a negative side to his character(性格) that you haven’t seen yet.

　　2．With around 600 athletes competing(竞争) for 148 gold medals across 10 days，swimming is the second biggest competition at the 2017 Paralympic Games.

　　3．She says she is not confident(自信的) of buying products online without looking at models in stores.

　　4．While many of the younger companies have achieved success，traditional old ones have struggled(困境)．

　　5．He has been promoted (提升) to the post of chief account.

　　6．The two of them are equally(相等地) matched in their skills.

　　7．I’ll call a strike to protest (抗议) against the job cuts in our company.

　　8．I shouted at her last night，but she didn’t react(反应) at all.

　　9．Isn’t it a pleasure to have great calm(平静) in mind while you are reading?

　　10．Besides，I enjoyed the friendly atmosphere (气氛) in class.

　　B．用所给词的适当形式填空

　　11．I was late in getting to the station，but fortunately (fortune) for me，the train was late too.

　　12．The magician is so skilful (skill) with his hands that nobody can discover his secret.

　　13．If you try and lift that suitcase you’ll do yourself an injury (injure)．

　　14．Lack of knowledge，on the other hand，can be deadly (dead)．

　　15．The Moon will replace the Earth as the most important base for the

　　exploration

　　(explore) of space.

　　16．Will you go with a tour group?

　　Personally

　　(person)，I prefer to travel by myself.

　　17．Those who have not known hunger

　　(hungry) can never imagine how it feels.

　　18．John brought the absolute (absolutely) proof that we needed.

　　Ⅱ.短语运用

　　A．用方框内所给动词短语的适当形式填空

　　get on，let out，compete against，react to，pull through，come to，get involved with，give up

　　19.When you get married，will you give up your job?

　　20．Do you mind if I come along too and see how you get on?

　　21．“We have high hopes that he’ll pull through，”she said.

　　22．How can I get involved with a campaign?

　　23．Each time she moved her leg，she let out a sudden scream.

　　24．I hope to make friends with you and come to understand each other.

　　25．Li Na is going to compete against her old friend in the second round.

　　26．He didn’t react to the criticism.

　　B．用方框内所给短语的适当形式填空

　　far too，on my own，in my opinion

　　27.In my opinion，it’s one of the most important books on diet ever written.

　　28．I can do the work on my own.

　　29．It’s a far too long journey to make in one day.

　　Ⅲ.经典句式

　　30．Is this the book recommended by your teacher?

　　这是你老师推荐的书吗？

　　31．You must have a rest，or your health will break down.

　　你必须好好休息一下，否则你的健康状况会下降的。

　　32．I was doing my homework when one of my classmates came.

　　我正在做作业，这时我的一个同学来了。

　　33. With a lot of work to do，I have no time to go out with you.

　　有许多工作要做，我没有时间和你一起出去。

　　34．He may be busy. If so，I’ll call on him later. If not，can I see him now?

　　他可能很忙。要是这样，我以后再来拜访他。要是不忙，我现在可以见他吗？

　　35．This was how he helped me to work out the problem.

　　这就是他如何帮助我克服困难的。

　　1

　　be generous of sb.to do...某人做……真大方

　　be generous to sb.对某人大方

　　be generous in doing sth.乐于做……

　　be generous with money用钱大方

　　The gift is generous by any standards.

　　无论以什么标准来衡量，这都是一份厚礼。

　　He was always generous in sharing his enormous knowledge.

　　他从不吝啬与人分享自己渊博的知识。

　　[夯实基础]

　　语法填空

　　(1)That’s very generous of you.

　　(2)He is generous to the poor.

　　(3)She is generous in giving her time to help others.

　　(4)The young man is generous with his money.

　　2

　　in character与某人的性格相符

　　out of character与某人的性格不相符

　　characteristic adj.特有的；独特的；n.特性；特色

　　It is characteristic of sb.to do某人会做……

　　……正是某人的作风特点

　　What a sad character that Nigel is!

　　奈杰尔真是个可悲的人哪！

　　Mr.Bartman was a man of good character.

　　巴特曼先生品德高尚。

　　[夯实基础]

　　(1)写出下列句中character的汉语意思

　　①At the last moment Tom decided to put in a new character to make the story seem more likely.角色

　　②—The town is so beautiful！I just love it.

　　—Me too.The character of the town is well preserved.特点

　　(2)忘记带礼物来正是他的特点。(一句多译)

　　①It is characteristic of him to forget to bring a present.(characteristic)

　　②It is typical of him to forget to bring a present.(typical)

　　③It is like him to forget to bring a present.(like)

　　3

　　[多词一义]　in one’s opinion，in one’s (point of) view，according to，personally，as far as sb.be concerned，from where sb.stands

　　in one’s opinion＝in the opinion of sb.在某人看来

　　have a good/bad/high/low opinion of sb./sth.对……评价好/不好/高/低

　　In my opinion，overprotection and too much care are extremely bad for children’s development.

　　在我看来，溺爱和过多的关心对孩子的发展极为有害。(福建·书面表达)

　　[特别提醒]

　　(1)英语中“表达……意见”通常用express/give/offer one’s opinion，而不说make one’s opinion。

　　(2)英语中习惯上用what询问某人的意见或看法，而不用how。

　　(3)英语中常用according to sb.或in one’s opinion来表示“根据某人的意见”。

　　[夯实基础]

　　在他看来，这是一本好书。(一句多译)

　　(1)In his opinion，this is a good book. (opinion)

　　(2)According to him，this is a good book.(according)

　　(3)As far as he is concerned，this is a good book. (concerned)

　　(4)From where he stands，this is a good book. (where从句)

　　4

　　equal adj.相同的，相等的the same in...；平等的；相当的；能胜任的fit；capable；n.同等的人；相等物；v.与……相等，等于be the same in...；比得上；抵得过be as good as...

　　[应试指导]　equally写作关联词

　　be equal in在……方面比得上

　　be equal to sth./doing sth.等于；与……相等；能胜任……

　　on equal terms在对等的条件下

　　without equal/have no equal无与伦比

　　Though she is young，she has no equal in music.

　　尽管她很年轻，在音乐方面没有人能比得上她。

　　He is a player without equal.

　　他是个无与伦比的运动员。

　　[夯实基础]

　　(1)语法填空

　　①He is equal to Tom in ability.

　　②His wife was doing work of equal importance.

　　③The two countries had a conversation on equal terms.

　　(2)他能胜任这项工作。(一句多译)

　　①He is equal to the job.(equal)

　　②He is up to the job.(up)

　　③He is fit for the job.(fit)

　　④He is qualified to do the job.(qualified)

　　5

　　struggle against/with同……作斗争；与……抗争

　　struggle with...for...为争取……而与……作斗争

　　struggle to one’s feet挣扎着站起来

　　struggle for...为……而斗争

　　The boy couldn’t swim and struggled in the water.

　　这个男孩不会游泳在河里挣扎。

　　There were no signs of a struggle at the murder scene.

　　在凶杀现场没有搏斗的痕迹。

　　He has been struggling with/against illness for many years.

　　他与疾病抗争了多年。

　　[夯实基础]

　　语法填空

　　(1)We have to struggle with/against all kinds of difficulties.

　　(2)What ideals will you fight and struggle for?

　　(3)She struggled to her feet and continued walking.

　　6

　　be useless＝be of no use无用的

　　be useless in/for doing...做……无用

　　be useless to sb.对某人来说无用

　　come into use开始被使用

　　have no use for不需要；用不着

　　in/out of use经常/不再用的

　　It is no use doing.../It is useless to do doing...做……无用

　　The books are useless to me.

　　这些书对我没用。

　　I realized it was quite useless for pursuing the subject.

　　我意识到继续从事这一课题是没有意义的。

　　[特别提醒]

　　表示“对……无用或无益”，通常用介词to或for。后接动名词表示在某一方面无用时，其后通常接介词in或for。

　　[夯实基础]

　　(1)用use短语的适当形式填空

　　①When did the umbrella come into use?

　　②I have no use for novels like that.

　　③Turn off everything not in use：lights，TVs，computers.

　　(2)The technology is useless if you aren’t trained to operate it.

　　The technology is of no use if you aren’t trained to operate it.(用“be of＋n.”改写句子)

　　7

　　[应试指导]　比较类写作高频词汇

　　compete in...参加……的比赛

　　compete with/against与……竞争

　　compete for...为……角逐/竞争

　　competitive adj.竞争的；有竞争力的

　　competitor n.竞争者；参赛者

　　competition n.竞争，竞赛

　　in competition with与……竞争

　　Several companies are competing for the contract.

　　为得到那项合同，几家公司正在竞争。

　　We need to work harder to remain competitive with other companies.

　　我们必须更加努力工作以保持对其他公司具有竞争力。

　　[夯实基础]

　　(1)语法填空

　　①Banks and building societies are competing fiercely for business.

　　②Her party is divided over whether to compete in the election.

　　③Africa will compete with Asia.

　　④We are in competition with some very large companies.

　　(2)用compete的适当形式填空

　　①The bank isn’t performing as well as some of its competitors.

　　②Universities are very competitive for the best students.

　　③There’s been some fierce competition for the title.

　　8

　　[应试指导]　作为高级词汇替换luckily

　　fortune n.机会，运气；财富；命运；际遇

　　make a fortune发财；致富

　　seek/try one’s fortune碰运气

　　fortunate adj.幸运的；吉利的

　　be fortunate to do sth./in doing sth.在……方面运气好

　　He made a fortune by selling used cars.

　　他靠卖二手车发财了。

　　He was extremely fortunate to survive.

　　他能活下来真是万幸。

　　[夯实基础]

　　用fortune的适当形式填空

　　(1)Don’t leave that to fortune.

　　(2)Central London is fortunate in having so many large parks and open spaces.

　　(3)I was late，but fortunately the meeting hadn’t started.

　　9

　　do sb.an injury＝do an injury to sb.伤害某人

　　injure v.尤指在事故中伤害，使受伤；损害，伤害

　　injure one’s health/pride/feelings损害健康/伤害自尊/伤害感情

　　injured adj.受伤的

　　the injured受伤者

　　The two other passengers escaped serious injury.

　　另外两名乘客逃过一劫，未受重伤。

　　Mr.Yang made the remarks at the investigation meeting that the accident left 9 missing and 166 injured.

　　杨先生在调查会上发表了讲话，这次事故造成9人失联，166人受伤。

　　[夯实基础]

　　用injure的适当形式填空

　　(1)Only 38 of the injured remained in hospital.

　　(2)He is out of the team because of injury.

　　(3)A number of bombs have exploded，seriously injuring at least five people.

　　10

　　react to对……作出反应；回应

　　react with和……起化学反应

　　react against反对；反抗

　　reaction n.反应；回应

　　They reacted violently to the news.

　　他们对这条资讯反应强烈。

　　Calcium reacts with water.

　　钙和水会发生化学反应。

　　Public reaction to the Jade Rabbit Mission has been largely positive in China.

　　中国公众对玉兔探月项目的反应基本上是积极的。

　　[夯实基础]

　　语法填空

　　(1)We reacted against the limitations of us.

　　(2)Hearing how others react to the book you have just read creates an added pleasure.

　　(3)An acid reacts with a base(碱) to form a salt.

　　(4)Many plants could move northward and toward the Pacific coast in reaction to rising temperatures and changes in rainfall.

　　11

　　[应试指导]　involved作前置定语和后置定语的不同含义

　　be/get involved in卷入；专注于

　　involve...in...使卷入；使专注于……

　　be/get involved with sb.迷上了某人

　　involve doing...包含做……

　　Running a kitchen involves a great deal of discipline and speed.

　　料理好厨房需要把一切都安排得规规矩矩，且要讲求速度。

　　If there was a cover­up，it involved people at the very highest levels of government.

　　如果有人想要隐瞒实情，那其中就涉及政府部门最高层的人物。

　　He involves himself in stocks now.

　　他现在热衷于股票。

　　[特别提醒]

　　involved作前置定语时意为“复杂的，混乱的，难解的”；作后置定语时意为“有关的”。例：

　　the problem involved所涉及的问题

　　the involved problem复杂的问题

　　[夯实基础]

　　语法填空

　　(1)We’ll make our decision and contact the people involved(involve)．

　　(2)The test will involve answering(answer) questions about a photograph.

　　(3)Michelle found a job as a high school teacher which involves spending(spend) quite a lot of time with students.

　　12

　　be confident of 对……有信心

　　with confidence自信地；有信心地

　　have confidence in对……有信心

　　lose confidence失去信心

　　In reality，we should learn from the black pencil：not to mind what others say so long as we are confident in what we have done.

　　实际上，我们应该从这支黑铅笔中学习到这一点：只要我们对所做的事情有信心，就不要在乎别人怎么说。(北京·开放作文)

　　Mr.Ryan is confident of success.

　　瑞安先生坚信一定会成功。

　　It marks China’s emergence as a more confident and tougher actor on the global stage.

　　它表明中国将在国际舞台上扮演更自信和更强硬的角色。

　　[特别提醒]

　　名词confidence后常接介词in，不用介词for；表示“做某事的信心”时，名词confidence后接不定式，不接of doing，而形容词confident后通常接of doing，不接不定式。

　　[夯实基础]

　　语法填空

　　(1)She hasn’t got enough confidence(confident) to do the job alone.

　　(2)The government is confident of winning the next term of office.

　　(3)We should encourage him to have confidence in himself.

　　13

　　admire sb.for sth.因某事而钦佩/羡慕某人

　　admire sb.as...钦佩某人是……

　　admiration n.称赞，钦佩；赞赏

　　with/in admiration钦佩地，赞赏地

　　in admiration of对……表示钦佩

　　have/express admiration for sb./sth.表示羡慕/钦佩某人物

　　My deskmate admires my fluent English very much and I usually feel encouraged by his compliments.

　　同桌非常羡慕我流利的英语，我经常被他的赞美所鼓舞。(湖北·短文写作)

　　I have great admiration for her as a writer.

　　我十分钦佩她这个作家。

　　[特别提醒]

　　admire后不接that引导的宾语从句。

　　[夯实基础]

　　(1)用admire的适当形式填空

　　①He is always looking in the mirror，admiring himself.

　　②Meg’s eyes widened in admiration.

　　(2)They were the culture heroes and were admired by the young people.

　　They were the culture heroes admired by the young people.(用过去分词短语作定语改写句子)

　　1

　　get through通过；接通电话；用完

　　look through浏览；往……里面看

　　break through冲破；突破

　　see through看穿；识破

　　go through经历，经受；仔细查看；法律等通过；用完；浏览

　　She was able to get through to me by e­mail.

　　她通过电子邮件能和我联系上。

　　I always start the day by going through my mail.

　　我每天总是先看邮件。

　　[夯实基础]

　　用through短语的适当形式填空

　　(1)They will never forget the experience they went through last year.

　　(2)Everyone was very concerned whether he would pull through or not.

　　(3)We finally broke through the unfriendly atmosphere.

　　2

　　get about/round传播；流传；四处走动

　　get across讲清楚；被领会

　　get down to开始认真做

　　get over克服；控制；恢复过来

　　Besides，I’m easy to get along with and I like to make friends.而且，我容易相处，也喜欢交朋友。(辽宁·书面表达)

　　[夯实基础]

　　用get短语的适当形式填空

　　(1)News soon got around that he had resigned.

　　(2)No matter how I explain，I just can’t get it across to her.

　　(3)They got over many difficulties in their English study.

　　(4)How are you getting along with your new roommates?

　　1

　　The spaceship，called Shenzhou Ⅴ，was carrying China’s first astronaut，Yang Liwei.这艘命名为“神舟5号”的宇宙飞船载着中国第一位宇航员杨利伟飞向太空。

　　过去分词作定语，和被修饰的词之间往往是被动关系，并且表示动作已经完成。单个的过去分词作定语放在被修饰的词前面；过去分词短语作定语放在被修饰的词后面。

　　At that time，such a thing was a forbidden topic to be talked about.

　　那时，这样的事情是一个被禁止谈论的话题。

　　[夯实基础]

　　语法填空

　　(1)The excited(excite) boys are opening their Christmas presents.

　　(2)His face wore a puzzled(puzzle) expression.

　　(3)When he got there，he only found the door closed(close)．

　　(4)The arrived(arrive) soldiers

　　are busy camping.

　　(5)A trained(train) nurse is wanted.

　　2

　　祈使句＋and/or/otherwise＋陈述句。该结构中的祈使句相当于一个if引导的条件状语从句，and之后的句子相当于主句，所以用一般将来时。在该句型中，祈使句有时也可用名词短语表示。

　　Study hard，and you’ll pass the exam.

　　努力学习，你会及格的。

　　[夯实基础]

　　Lend her a hand，and she will be grateful to you.

　　If you lend her a hand，she will be grateful to you.(改为含有条件句的复合句)

　　3

　　单元语法

　　——语法填空

　　(1)—Remember how we met for the first time，Dick?

　　—Of course I do.You were walking (walk) to the teachers’ office hurriedly and didn’t notice (not，notice) me.

　　(2)When you are home，give me a call to let me know you have arrived (arrive) safely.

　　(3)The construction of this building started two years ago，but it has not been completed(not，complete) so far due to various reasons.

　　(4)Bob would have helped us yesterday，but he was (be) busy.

　　(5)The book has been translated into thirty languages since it came (come) on the market in 1973.

　　高考题组

　　Ⅰ.短文改错(2017·新课标全国Ⅰ)

　　Nearly five years before，and with the help by our father，my sister and I planted some cherry tomatoes (圣女果)in our back garden.Since then—for all these year—we had been allowing tomatoes to self­seed where they please.As result，the plants are growing somewhere.The fruits are small in size，but juicy and taste.There are so much that we often share them with our neighbors.Although we allow tomato plants to grow in the same place year after year，but we have never had any disease or insect attack problems.We are growing wonderfully tomatoes at no cost!

　　答案

　　Nearly five years ，and with the help

　　our father，my sister and I planted some cherry tomatoes (圣女果)in our back garden.Since then—for all these —we

　　been allowing tomatoes to self­seed where they please.As result，the plants are growing .The fruits are small in size，but juicy and .There are so

　　that we often share them with our neighbors.Although we allow tomato plants to grow in the same place year after year，but或 we have never had any disease or insect attack problems.We are growing

　　tomatoes at no cost!

　　Ⅱ.写作常用句翻译

　　1．依我看，人们应该学会接受现实并不断努力。(opinion)(2017·北京·开放作文)

　　In my opinion，people need to learn to accept the reality and keep on trying.

　　2．另一方面，那只黑色铅笔却保持平静。(calm)(2017·北京·开放作文)

　　The black pencil，on the other hand，remains calm.

　　3．我努力学习，与老师同学相处融洽。(get along)(2017·湖北·短文写作)

　　I worked hard and got along well with my teachers and classmates.

　　模拟题组

　　Ⅰ.单句语法填空

　　1．Give me a chance，and I’ll give you a wonderful surprise.

　　2．Anyone，whether he is an official or a bus driver，should be equally(equal) respected.

　　3．—When did the computer crash?

　　—This morning，while I was sorting(sort) the reading materials downloaded from some websites.

　　4．The president hopes that the people will be better off when he quits than when he started(start)．

　　5．He was robbed last night，but fortunately(fortunate) he didn’t have much money on him then.

　　6．—How did he react to your answer?

　　—He was satisfied with it.

　　7．I don’t think he is equal to doing(do) this kind of work，so I can’t hire him.

　　8．We can’t compete against other countries if we don’t develop our national economy.

　　9．We’ve just moved into a bigger house and there’s a lot to do.Let’s get down to it.

　　10．Start out right away，or you’ll miss the first train.

　　Ⅱ.单句改错

　　1．It’s generous for you to give me so much help.for→of

　　2．He may be a good teacher，but he is not liked personal.personal→personally

　　3．Judging from the result，he is absolute mistaken.absolute→absolutely

　　4．Fortunate for him，he won the first prize.Fortunate→Fortunately

　　5．Her explanation is brief and near the point.near→to

　　6．Up to now，the program saved thousands of children who would otherwise have died.saved前加上has

　　7．The workers are now struggling against a higher pay recently.against→for

　　8．He is a man，who is good at solving the involving

　　problems.involving→involved

　　9．—Must I turn off the gas after cooking?

　　—Of course.You can never be enough careful to use it.enough→too

　　10．Before being put into practice，we have to go through with all the details of the project plan.去掉with

　　Ⅲ.写作句式升级训练

　　1．I was on my way to the bookstore and was waiting for the green light at a crossing.Just then a girl of about ten was knocked down by a passing car，and the car drove off quickly.(素材来源于2017·湖北·短文写作)

　　On my way to the bookstore I was waiting for the green light at a crossing when a girl of about ten was knocked down by a passing car，which drove off quickly.(用when，which从句改写句子)

　　2．Compared with the driver who had escaped，I am proud of my action.(素材来源于2017·湖北·短文写作)

　　Compared with the escaped driver，I am proud of what I did.(用过去分词作定语及what从句改写句子)

　　(一)

　　Ⅰ.阅读理解

　　Jaguars(美洲虎) are the largest cat in North and South America.Their range extends from south of Mexico to Argentina.But in the past hundred years’ logging(伐木)，the growth of cities have disturbed more than half of the cats’ main habitat，forcing them into living in small groups in different places.

　　Conservationists used to focus on protecting these habitats.But biologists realize now that young jaguars move from one place to another in their hunt for mates and new land.They may trek(长途跋涉) up to 500 miles through the edges of civilization.It is a dangerous journey that takes them far from the shelter of the jungle.

　　Scientist Alan Rabinowitz is president of an organization devoted to saving wild cats.One day，while studying a map of all the known areas jaguars live in，Rabinowitz decided to play a game of connecting the dots.He drew a line between one area and another area.Suddenly he was struck by an idea that could help save this threatened species.

　　Rabinowitz realized that protecting the pathways is just as important as protecting the habitats themselves.He began an international project called “Path of the Jaguar” to check these pathways and make sure they won’t become dead ends.“A jaguar，unlike a human，is not stopped by many things，” Rabinowitz says.“It’s not stopped by a river or even a mountain covered in snow.” But things such as factories，highways and dams will halt a jaguar in its tracks，forcing it off course.

　　Rabinowitz’s project works to persuade countries to limit industrial development that would block jaguars’ pathways.These protected areas are not always connected.But these cats are smart—they run across open land in the dark.If they find a jungle with something to eat，they’ll stop to rest，just as you might pull over at a restaurant during a family road trip.

　　1．Alan Rabinowitz studied a map one day in order to

　　.

　　A．find ways to save jaguars

　　B．join all the small dots

　　C．search for young jaguars

　　D．play an interesting game

　　答案　A

　　解析　细节理解题。根据第三段的第一句“Scientist Alan Rabinowitz is president of an organization devoted to saving wild cats.”可知，应选A项。

　　2．Why did Rabinowitz begin the project “Path of the Jaguar”？

　　A．To find out why jaguars like to move.

　　B．To help jaguars find a better place in the wild.

　　C．To make sure jaguars travel smoothly.

　　D．To prove other conservationists’opinions are wrong.

　　答案　C

　　解析　细节理解题。根据第四段的第二句“He began an international project called ‘Path of the Jaguar’ to check these pathways and make sure they won’t become dead ends.”可知，这个计划的目的是保护美洲虎顺利迁徙。故选C项。

　　3．The underlined word “halt” in Paragraph 4 can be replaced by “

　　”．

　　A．kill

　　B．stop

　　C．help

　　D．keep

　　答案　B

　　解析　词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句前的“‘It’s not stopped by a river or even a mountain covered in snow.’But things such as factories...”可推断，工厂、高速公路和大坝会阻挡美洲虎的前进步伐，故可以用stop“(使)中断”来替代。

　　4．Which would be the best title for the passage?

　　A．Connecting the Dots

　　B．Protecting Threatened Species

　　C．Finding Jaguars in America

　　D．Limiting Industrial Development

　　答案　A

　　解析　标题归纳题。本文讲述了科学家Alan Rabinowitz为了挽救美洲虎而研究地图彻查美洲虎的迁徙路径的事。由此可知A项最适合作文章标题。

　　Ⅱ.阅读填空

　　Throughout my schooling，I have met many teachers.

　　5

　　.

　　Ms.Davis was my 6th grade teacher at Powell Elementary in Jackson，Mississippi.I can remember it as if it were yesterday；I can remember all the stories she would tell the class while she sat on the edge of her desk.

　　6

　　During this period of my life，I always kept a scowl(愁容) on my face.One day，she told a story about a friend of hers，who also kept a frown on her face.She said that the only time her friend would smile was while she was singing and how pretty she was when she smiled.While she told this story，she was looking directly at me.

　　7

　　She didn’t fuss(大惊小怪) like others，she simply told a story.

　　I also remember going on a field trip and the bus not having enough seats for all the children.

　　8

　　While in the car，we talked about my home life.She told me that she had once lived in Colorado.I remember wanting to share things in my life with her because she always told us about things in hers.

　　I felt that Ms.Davis was showing me favoritism，giving me rides，talking about my family.

　　9

　　I guess she just had a personal touch that made each one of us feel as if we were her favorite.Thanks a lot，Ms.Davis.

　　A．Ms.Davis chose me to ride with her.

　　B．Ms.Davis convinced me that I could run.

　　C．Her friend had been killed in an accident.

　　D．The one that stands out the most would be Ms.Davis.

　　E．From that point on I have been cautious of my expression.

　　F．There was one particular story I felt she was directing at me.

　　G．But looking back，she just didn’t do special things for me but for the entire class.

　　答案　5.D　6.F　7.E　8.A　9.G

　　Ⅲ.短文改错

　　My brother Ray and I were watching the TV when our cat Teega meowed at us before speed off down the hallway.We thought it is a bit strange as she only usually meowed at meal times.Puzzling，we followed her.I was well into the bedroom before I turned up the light.I didn’t know what was more surprised：me or the young man now climb back out of the window empty­handed.I heard he fall onto the rocks below and then struggle through the rose in the front garden.By the time Ray reached the front door，the would­be thief gone.Standing right beside Ray was Teega.

　　答案　

　　My brother Ray and I were watching the TV when our cat Teega meowed at us before

　　off down the hallway.We thought it

　　a bit strange as she only usually meowed at meal times.，we followed her.I was well into the bedroom before I turned

　　the light.I didn’t know

　　was more surprised：me or the young man now

　　back out of the window empty­handed.I heard

　　fall onto the rocks below and then struggle through the

　　in the front garden.By the time Ray reached the front door，the would­be thief gone.Standing right beside Ray was Teega.

　　Ⅳ.书面表达

　　目前社会上的辅导班种类繁多，令人眼花缭乱，很多家长因为误入假期补习班而上当受骗。假如你叫李华，请你根据这一情况并结合图中提示给某英语报社写一篇100词左右的短文。

　　注意：可适当发表自己的观点并提出建议。

　　参考词汇：暑期补习班summer crammer school

　　参考范文

　　With the summer vacation drawing near，some parents are anxious to hunt for summer crammer schools for their children.To get more money，many summer crammer schools have come into being under the name of famous teachers.In this situation，quite a few parents make their children enter the schools.However，as a result，not only do their children fail to improve their study but also the parents are cheated of a lot of money.Meanwhile，their children waste the valuable summer vacation.

　　So I think parents should have the right and reasonable options for their children as to the training class.In some way, leaving the children to nature is a better idea.

　　(二)

　　Ⅰ.阅读理解

　　A

　　Get ready for the journey of a lifetime—this driving route will introduce you to the very best of the South Island of New Zealand.

　　Day 1 Methven—Geraldine—Timaru—Lake Tekapo

　　Keen golfers may like to get up early for a round of golf before continuing their journey to Geraldine，a pretty town known for its clothing stores and delicious foods.Stop for lunch and explore Caroline Bay.Afterwards，drive west to admire the lakeside Church of the Good Shepherd，and then spend the afternoon at Lake Tekapo enjoying the great outdoors—perhaps fishing or hiking.

　　Day 2 Lake Tekapo—Twizel—Oamaru

　　Start your day with a sightseeing tour by helicopter—the best way to enjoy the scenery including Mt Cook.Next，drive south along SH 8 to Omarama，a popular place for gliding.Turn off SH 8 and head east along SH 83 through the Beautiful Waitaki Valley to Oamaru.At dusk，visit the Oamaru Blue Penguin Colony to watch the world’s smallest penguins come ashore.

　　Day 3 Oamaru—Dunedin

　　Drive south along SH 1 to Dunedin and spend the rest of the day enjoying many experiences Dunedin has to offer.History lovers will enjoy fantastic museums and historic houses such as Larnach Castle.Get back to nature—drive out along Otago Peninsula to visit the NZ Marine Studies Centre and Aquarium.

　　Day 4 Dunedin—Te Anau—Milford Sound

　　Make sure your camera is charged because Day 4 is the most wonderful visual treat.Visit the Department of Conservation for an insight into the region’s natural treasures before setting out for Milford Sound.A guided tour is an excellent choice that allows you to focus on the scenery.

　　1．On which day can you enjoy the most beautiful scenery?

　　A．Day 1.

　　B．Day 2.

　　C．Day 3.

　　D．Day 4.

　　答案　D

　　解析　细节理解题。根据Day 4 Dunedin—Te Anau—Milford Sound中的第一句可知，D项正确。

　　2．If you would like to explore history along the journey，you can stop at

　　.

　　A．Larnach Castle

　　B．Waitaki Valley

　　C．Te Anau

　　D．Milford Sound

　　答案　A

　　解析　细节理解题。根据Day 3 Oamaru—Dunedin中的第二句“History lovers will enjoy fantastic museums and historic houses such as Larnach Castle.”可知，应选A项。

　　3．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

　　A．No guide is available during this journey.

　　B．Outdoor sports fans can have great fun during this journey.

　　C．No shopping is recommended along this journey.

　　D．Drive all through SH 8，and you will see the world’s smallest penguins.

　　答案　B

　　解析　细节理解题。根据Day 1中的最后一句可知B项正确。根据Day 4中的最后一句可知，旅途中有导游引导，故A项错误；根据Day 1中的第一句和第二句可知，旅途中可以购物，故C项错误；根据Day 2中的“Turn off SH 8 and head east along SH 83...to watch the world’s smallest penguins...”可知，D项错误。

　　B

　　If you bought some candy months ago but never ate it，how can you tell whether it is still safe to eat？The easiest way is to check the “use­by date” printed on the wrapper.If that date has already passed，you’re likely to throw the candy away.But is that really necessary?

　　According to a new report from the US Natural Resources Defense Council (NRDC)，tons of food is wasted each year，largely because people don’t fully understand what expiration dates，or “use­by dates”，actually mean.

　　Food dating was introduced in the 1970s because consumers wanted more information about the things that they were eating.When they first showed up，use­by dates were only supposed to indicate freshness because producers wanted their products to be tasted in their best conditions.

　　But the truth is that these dates aren’t related to the risk of food poisoning or food­born illness，according to Time News.However，most customers misinterpreted use­by dates and related them to the safety of the food，and they still largely do now.

　　Eggs，for example，can still be eaten three to five weeks after purchase even though the use­by date is much earlier.When their use­by dates pass，strawberry­flavored drinks may lose their red color and biscuits may lose their crunch(嘎吱嘎吱的声音)，but they are not harmful.

　　“It’s a confusing subject，the difference between food quality and food safety，” said Jena Roberts，vice president of National Food Lab，a US food testing company.“Even in the food industry I have colleagues who get confused.”

　　This is why scientists are calling for a standard explanation to be printed following the use­by dates.“We want this to be clearly communicated so consumers are not misunderstanding the date and contributing to a lot of waste，” said Dana Ganders，a staff scientist with the NRDC.

　　But this won’t be a mistake that is easy to correct since people have believed it for so long.Another problem is that the quality levels of different foods change differently—some are still safe to eat long after their use­by date while others are not.

　　As a result，food industry officials are now thinking of changing the use­by date to a date indicating when food is most likely to go bad.

　　4．The use­by date was first intended to

　　.

　　A．tell the freshness of food

　　B．show the safety of food

　　C．give a warning of food poisoning

　　D．indicate the relation between food and illness

　　答案　A

　　解析　细节理解题。根据第三段第二句中的“When they first showed up，use­by dates were only supposed to indicate freshness...”可知，应选A项。

　　5．The underlined word “misinterpreted” in Paragraph 4 probably means “

　　”．

　　A．made guesses about

　　B．formed a wrong idea about

　　C．made wrong use of

　　D．took no notice of

　　答案　B

　　解析　词义猜测题。根据文章第四段的第一句和第六段的内容可知，此处指人们误以为这些日期和食品是否有毒或者是过期后食用是否会导致疾病有关。故选B项。

　　6．Which of the following is TRUE?

　　A．Most customers understand what use­by dates mean.

　　B．“Use­by dates”have existed for more than 50 years.

　　C．Biscuits can’t be eaten when not as crunchy as they were bought.

　　D．Even after their use­by dates pass，some foods are still safe to eat.

　　答案　D

　　解析　正误判断题。根据第五段的内容可知，很多食品尽管过了保质期，但是仍然能吃，故选D项。

　　7．Scientists are calling for a standard explanation to be printed together with the use­by dates because

　　.

　　A．use­by dates are not helpful or reliable

　　B．more consumers get worried about food safety

　　C．most consumers often misunderstand use­by dates

　　D．the quality level of different foods changes differently

　　答案　C

　　解析　细节理解题。根据第六段的内容和第七段的第二句可知，科学家解释保质期是因为很多人误解了它的含义。故选C项。

　　Ⅱ.完形填空

　　A few weeks ago I was at the corner shop，and there stood an old lady in front of me in line.She seemed very

　　8

　　when the cashier asked her to pay 38.She had about 5 in her wallet，and she began to

　　9

　　.The cashier became very

　　10

　　，telling her that she couldn’t buy these

　　11

　　because she didn’t have enough money.So I told the cashier not to

　　12

　　it，and that I would

　　13

　　the difference.The cashier gave me a funny look，

　　14

　　I really felt for this woman.

　　Anyway，I paid for my groceries and

　　15

　　the store.When I got outside，I saw the lady standing there.I

　　16

　　her what was wrong.She said that she couldn’t remember where she lived，and she began to cry again.I said some names of the

　　17

　　around the area but she had no clue.Just then，a car

　　18

　　and a woman jumped out of the car.It was this lady’s daughter.I

　　19

　　that her mother couldn’t find her way home.The daughter told me that she had Alzheimer’s disease(老年痴呆症) and that she had been

　　20

　　off a lot lately.Then the daughter

　　21

　　that her mother had three bags of groceries and

　　22

　　where she got the money to pay for them.I was not

　　23

　　if I should tell her that I paid for them，but I did.

　　The daughter wanted to pay me back，but I

　　24

　　.After thanking me

　　25

　　，the daughter said goodbye to me.

　　I felt so

　　26

　　that day because making others feel good makes me feel good.I know that if this

　　27

　　happened again，I would do the same thing.

　　8．A.excited

　　B．puzzled

　　C．disappointed

　　D．convinced

　　答案　B

　　解析　由下文可知这位老人患有老年痴呆症，所以当收银员让她付款时她看上去很“困惑”。puzzled困惑的，符合语境。

　　9．A.cry

　　B．bargain

　　C．argue

　　D．withdraw

　　答案　A

　　解析　收银员让她付38美元，可是她只有大约5美元，因此她开始“哭泣(cry)”。第二段第四句中的“...and she began to cry again.”也是答案提示。bargain讨价还价；argue争论；withdraw提取(存款)，拿出，均不符合语境。

　　10．A.excited

　　B．uncomfortable

　　C．impatient

　　D．angry

　　答案　C

　　解析　面对这样一位老人，收银员变得非常不耐烦。impatient不耐烦的，符合语境。

　　11．A.diets

　　B．clothes

　　C．details

　　D．items

　　答案　D

　　解析　收银员告诉老人说因为她的钱不够，因此她不能买这些物品。item一件商品(或物品)，符合语境。

　　12．A.look for

　　B．worry about

　　C．insist on

　　D．argue about

　　答案　B

　　解析　从下文可知，“我”帮老人付了剩余的钱，因此这里应为“我告诉收银员不要担心”。look for寻找；worry about担心；insist on坚持；argue about关于……争吵。由语境可知选B。

　　13．A.make

　　B．tell

　　C．pay

　　D．take

　　答案　C

　　解析　“我”告诉收银员不必担心，“我”会支付差额的。pay the difference支付差额。

　　14．A.so

　　B．and

　　C．therefore

　　D．but

　　答案　D

　　解析　收银员用奇怪的表情看着“我”，但是“我”真的很同情这位老人。feel for意为“同情(某人)”。上下文为转折关系，故选but。

　　15．A.entered

　　B．searched

　　C．left

　　D．closed

　　答案　C

　　解析　根据第二段第二句“When I got outside...”可知，“我”付了款就离开了商店。由语境可知选C。

　　16．A.asked

　　B．analyzed

　　C．shouted

　　D．informed

　　答案　A

　　解析　“我”在商店外看到这位老人站在那里，于是“我”问她怎么了。由语境可知选A。

　　17．A.markets

　　B．streets

　　C．hospitals

　　D．buildings

　　答案　B

　　解析　这位老人想不起来自己住在哪儿了，于是“我”说了几条附近的街道的名字。由语境可知选B。

　　18．A.drove out

　　B．pulled down

　　C．drove off

　　D．pulled up

　　答案　D

　　解析　由空后的“a woman jumped out of the car”可知，一辆小汽车停下了。pull up(使)车停下，符合语境。

　　19．A.responded

　　B．explained

　　C．described

　　D．recommended

　　答案　B

　　解析　看到老人的女儿来了，“我”解释说她妈妈找不到回家的路了。explain解释，说明，符合语境。

　　20．A.falling

　　B．turning

　　C．wandering

　　D．walking

　　答案　C

　　解析　老人的女儿说老人有老年痴呆症，最近老是到处乱走。wander off(从应该逗留的地方)离开，符合语境。

　　21．A.watched

　　B．noticed

　　C．collected

　　D．realized

　　答案　B

　　解析　这时老人的女儿注意到了她妈妈的三袋食品杂货。notice注意到，符合语境。

　　22．A.confused

　　B．wondered

　　C．ordered

　　D．suggested

　　答案　B

　　解析　(老人的女儿)想知道她是从哪里弄到钱买的。wonder想知道，符合语境。

　　23．A.doubtful

　　B．urgent

　　C．jealous

　　D．sure

　　答案　D

　　解析　“我”不确定是否应该告诉她是“我”付的款。结合语境可知这里应用sure。

　　24．A.refused

　　B．neglected

　　C．denied

　　D．ignored

　　答案　A

　　解析　由but可知，前后为转折关系，因此可推知老人的女儿想要还“我”钱，但“我”拒绝了，故选A。

　　25．A.naturally

　　B．immediately

　　C．gratefully

　　D．energetically

　　答案　C

　　解析　naturally当然，自然地；immediately立即；gratefully感激地；energetically积极地。结合语境可知选C。

　　26．A.anxious

　　B．pleased

　　C．interested

　　D．relaxed

　　答案　B

　　解析　那天“我”感觉很高兴，因为让别人高兴会让自己也高兴。结合语境可知选B。

　　27．A.situation

　　B．condition

　　C．tradition

　　D．experience

　　答案　A

　　解析　“我”知道如果这种情况再次出现的话，“我”还会这样做的。situation情况，状况，符合语境。condition条件，状态；tradition传统；experience经验。

　　Ⅲ.写作素材(关于太空探索)

　　1．2008年，中国成功地发射神州七号载人宇宙飞船。

　　2．宇航员实现了太空漫步，这是零的突破。

　　3．联合国向所有国家发出倡议，要平等的利用太空，探索太空。

　　4．2017年12月2日中国发射了嫦娥三号，这是中国探月工程的项目之一。

　　5．我们自信在不久的将来会有中国人登上月球。

　　提示：黑体部分用本单元词汇表达，并且请使用which引导的定语从句，that引导的宾语从句。

　　连句成篇(将以上句子连成一篇60词左右的英语短文)

　　In 2008，China successfully launched the Shenzhou Ⅶ manned spaceship and the astronauts carried out spacewalk，which is a zero breakthrough.The United Nations proposed that all countries should use and explore space equally.On December 2nd,2017 China launched Chang’e­3，which is one of Chinese Lunar Exploration Programs.We are confident that in the near future we Chinese will set foot on the moon.