重点识记词汇 1.abuse vt.&n.滥用
2.fundamental adj.根本的；基础的
3.doubtful adj.怀疑的，不肯定的
4.seek vt.寻找
5.annual adj.每年的，一年一次的，年度的
6.in vain徒然，白费力气
7.compulsory adj.强制性的，义务的
8.at random随便地，随意地
9.controversial adj.有争议的
10.at all costs不管多大代价，无论如何
11.privileged adj.荣幸的
12.cater vi.满足；迎合→cater to满足；迎合
13.entry n.进入；入学
14.treat vt.款待
15.postpone vt.推迟，延期
16.straight away立刻，马上
17.unite vt.联合；团结；统一
18.routine n.常规；惯例
19.foresee vt.预见
20.underline vt.表明重要性；强调
21.faith n.信心
22.stop sth.in its tracks终止；消灭
23.temporary adj.临时的；短暂的
24.rob vt.使丧失；抢劫
25.decline vi.下降
26.at any rate无论如何；至少
27.deadline n.截止日期，最后日期
28.concern n.担心；担忧
29.absurd adj.荒谬的；可笑的
30.tolerate vt.容忍→tolerant adj.宽容的；容忍的→tolerance n.容忍
31.oppose vt.反对→opposite adj.相反的→opposition n.相反
32.contradict vt.与(其他事物)相矛盾→contradiction n.矛盾的说法；反驳
33.trial n.实验→try v.试验；试做；n.尝试
34.prohibit vt.禁止→prohibition n.禁止；禁令
35.equip vt.使有准备→equipment n.装备；设备
36.fortune n.大笔钱财，巨款→fortunate adj.幸运的→misfortune n.不幸
必背经典句式 1.Unfortunately，it is not easy to catch athletes using illegal drugs.
不幸的是，要当场查出运动员使用违禁药物并不是很容易。
2.When he went to the doctor that day，he could not have known what was about to happen to him.
那天当他去看医生时，他不可能知道他要发生什么事。
3.Our eyes and ears send signals all the time，and it is our brain that interprets these signals and builds up a picture of the outside world.
我们的眼睛和耳朵不停地发射信号，大脑翻译这些信号并构建出外部世界的图画。
4.It seems a real pity that thousands of people who could have benefited from Traditional Chinese Medicine missed out because of ignorance.
很遗憾，由于无知，成千上万的人们错过了用传统中医治疗的机会。
构词记忆 architecture /′ɑːkItektʃə/n.[U]建筑学；建筑式样；建筑风格
creature /kriːtʃə/n.[C]1.创造物；产物 2.生物；动物
departure /dIpɑːtʃə/n.[C]&[U]启程；离开；出发
literature /lItərətʃə/n.[C]&[U]1.文学 2.文献；图书资料
signature /sIɡnətʃə/n.[C]&[U]署名；签名
Ⅰ.词汇与派生
A．语境填词
1．Pop music is now in decline(下降)，while country music catches on.
2．He foresaw(预见) that the job would take a long time.
3．To care for wisdom，truth and improvement of the soul is far better than to seek(寻求) money，honor and reputation.
4．The flight was postponed(推迟) because of the thick snow.
5．I’m afraid you’ve missed the deadline(截止日期)，which for applications was May 30th.
6．It was absurd(荒唐的) of you to suggest such a thing.
7．He was arrested on a charge of corruption(腐败) and abuse(滥用) of power.
8．Education is compulsory(义务的) for children in most countries.
9．The entry(入学) of the students into the university makes their parents happy.
10．She treated(款待) him to lunch.
B．用所给词的适当形式填空
11．Is there anyone who opposes (oppose) the idea put forward by the committee?
12．I won’t tolerate (tolerance) your behaving in this way.
13．The government has an interest in importing scientific equipment (equip)．
14．I just don’t see why we shouldn’t give it a try (trial)．
15．The girl was fortunate (fortune) enough to have her mother as a bosom(知心的) friend.
Ⅱ.短语运用
A．用方框内所给动词短语的适当形式填空
be lost to，get down to，work out，give up，compare to，come up，get through，make up，consist of，bring up
16.Had the boy worked harder，he would have got through the exams.
17．She likes to bring up her child in healthy surroundings.
18．The final examination is coming up soon.It’s time for us to get down to our studies.
19．In Europe，one half of the population was lost to the Black Death.
20．The doctor advised my brother to give up smoking as soon as possible.
21．I can’t work out the meaning of this poem.
22．I’ll let you know if anything comes up.
23．This soup consists of tomatoes，meat and peas.
24．The world was compared to a stage by Shakespeare.
25．Nine players make up a team.
B．用方框内所给短语的适当形式填空
at random，for good，in vain，at any rate，at all costs, as early as，as a whole，in despair
26.The summer sports meeting must be held on time at any rate.
27．We tried in vain to make him change his mind.
28．We’ve been separated from each other before，but I think it’s for good this time.
29．The market researchers interviewed people at random in the street.
30．Epidemics are described in his topical accounts as early as 430 BC.
31．Chinese Medicine treats the body as a whole.
32．After the failure of the operation，she cried in despair.
33．He decided to finish the project at all costs.
Ⅲ.经典句式
34．It seemed a real pity that I didn’t see the superstar who I have admired yesterday.
很遗憾，昨天我没有见到这位我很仰慕的巨星。
35．In our school whoever is caught cheating in the exams will be punished severely.
在我们学校，无论是谁，在考试中被当场抓住作弊者将会受到严罚。
36．It was my aunt who/that met Tom in the street yesterday.
昨天是我的阿姨在街上碰到的汤姆。
37．He could have passed the exam，but he was too careless.
本来他能够通过考试，但是他太粗心了。
1
[多词一义] tolerate，bear，stand，put up with
tolerate sb.doing sth.容忍/忍受某人做某事
have tolerance for忍受……
beyond tolerance无法忍受
be tolerant of容忍……
He won’t tolerate anyone questioning his decisions.
他不能容忍别人对他的决定提出质疑。
Perhaps you need to be tolerant of your neighbors.
或许你应该对你的邻居宽容些。
[夯实基础]
语法填空
(1)Perhaps you should be more tolerant of your little sister.
(2)I have a high tolerance for that stuff.
(3)He was beyond tolerance at last，and left angrily.
2
[应试指导] seek for作为高级词汇替换look for
seek after/for企图获得；追求；寻找
seek to do sth.试图设法做某事
seek out找到
They sought in vain for somewhere to shelter.
他们怎么也找不到一个藏身的地方。
[夯实基础]
语法填空
(1)They are urgently seeking for the post where they are well paid.
(2)The couple have sought help from their marriage gobetweens.
(3)Corbett resolved to seek out the truth.
(4)Having sought(seek) for a solution to the problem for several days，they finally found one.
3
[多词一义] cause，cater to/for，meet，satisfy，fulfill
cater to迎合
cater for为……提供服务；满足……需要
cater for sth.提供饮食；承办酒席
Our newspapers try to cater for/to all opinions.
我们的报纸试图满足各种观点的要求。
[夯实基础]
语法填空
(1)It’s the kind of movie that caters to the worst side of human nature.
(2)It’s a holiday company that caters for the elderly.
(3)Who is catering for your daughter’s wedding?
4
[多词一义] prohibit sb.from doing，stop sb.(from) doing，prevent sb.(from) doing，keep sb.from doing
prohibit sb.from doing sth.禁止某人做某事
prohibit one’s doing sth.禁止某人做某事
prohibition against...……的禁令
The price prohibited us from buying it.
这东西价钱太高，我们买不起。
Visitors are prohibited from feeding the animals.
禁止游客投喂动物。
[夯实基础]
语法填空
(1)The environmental group is demanding a complete prohibition against the hunting of whales.
(2)Meanwhile，the Dutch will prohibit tourists from buying marijuana(大麻) in their famous coffee shops.
(3)A few schools have adopted policies that prohibit sharing(share) student contact information.
5
rob sb./sp.of sth.抢某人某地的某物
steal sth.from sb./sp.从……那里偷某物
robbery n.抢劫,robber n.盗贼；强盗
I can’t forgive Lewis for robbing me of an Olympic gold.
我不能原谅刘易斯夺走了我一块奥运会金牌。
Mrs.Yacoub was robbed of her ￡3,000 designer watch at her West London home.
雅各布夫人那块价值3 000英镑的名牌手表在西伦敦的家中被人抢走了。
[夯实基础]
(1)用rob的适当形式填空
①Armed robbers broke into a jeweller’s through a hole in the wall.
②The man was serving a sentence for robbery with violence.
(2)The bank was robbed and shut down，but reopened last week.
Robbed and shut down，the bank reopened last week.(用过去分词作状语改写句子)
6
[多词一义] decline，refuse，deny
decline to do...拒绝做……
a decline in在……方面下降
in decline/on the decline在衰退中，走下坡路
In many cases living standards are declining.
在许多方面生活水平正在下降。
The minister declined to comment on the rumors.
部长拒绝对那些传言发表评论。
[夯实基础]
语法填空
(1)There has been a steady decline in public services over recent years.
(2)Thankfully，this is a disease that is now on the decline.
(3)He declined to answer(answer) my questions.
7
submit to服从于；屈从于
submit oneself to甘受……；服从……
submit...to...向……提交……
In desperation，Mrs.Jones submitted to an operation on her right knee to relieve the pain.
绝望之际，琼斯夫人只好同意在其右膝上做手术以减轻疼痛。
[夯实基础]
(1)If I submitted to(服从) their demands，they would give whatever I want.
(2)They submitted their reports to(向……提交了报告) the headmaster yesterday.
8 concern v.影响affect；涉及involve，与……有关be connected with；让某人担忧be worried about；n.担心，忧虑；关心
[应试指导] 过去分词作前置定语与后置定语时意义的区别
concerned adj.担心的；忧虑的；感兴趣的
as far as sb.be concerned就某人而言
be concerned about/for concern oneself about/for对……担心/关心
be concerned with sb./sth.concern oneself with sb./sth.与……有关
concerning prep.关于
As far as I’m concerned，riding bicycles is a good solution.
就我而言，骑自行车是一个好的解决办法。(江西·书面表达)
He doesn’t concern himself with politics.
他不关心政治。
[夯实基础]
用concern的适当形式填空
(1)Concerning the tollfree policy on the express way，what concerns us most is the traffic jams while some are concerned about/for the safety.
(2)Concerned about the student，the teacher called his parents to find out why he was so often absent from class.
9
[应试指导] (1)under no circumstances置于句首时倒装 (2)circumstance作为先行词时定语从句引导词的考查
in/under no circumstances决不＝never
in/under the circumstances在这种情况下；既然这样
under any circumstances在任何情况下
if circumstances allow/permit如果情况允许
The strategy was too dangerous in the explosive circumstances of the times.
在当时那种一触即发的形势下，采取那样的策略太危险了。
I wish we could have met under happier circumstances.
我真希望我们是在更愉快的情况下相识的。
[特别提醒] 抽象地点名词，如：point，stage，case，situation，condition，position，activity，race，competition，system，job，scene，life，occasion，environment，circumstance等作先行词时，用where引导。如：
He got into a situation where it is hard to decide what is right and wrong.
Today，we’ll discuss a number of cases where beginners of English fail to use the language properly.
[思考题]
表达“决不”的短语还有：at no time，by no means，on no account，in no way，on no condition，in no case等。
[夯实基础]
(1)语法填空
①He wrote a letter where he explained what had happened in the accident.
②Nowadays people are more concerned about the environment where they live.
③He may win the competition，where he is likely to get into the national team.
④Sales director is a position where communication ability is just as important as sales skills.
⑤It’s helpful to put children in a situation where they can see themselves differently.
⑥I have reached a point in my life where I am supposed to make decisions of my own.
(2)完成句子
①Under no circumstances must you leave the house(你必须离开房子).
②You must not mention your colleague under any circumstances(在任何情况下).
③Iran and Iraq also have the potential to export more，if circumstances allow/permit(如果情况允许).
1
at the cost of丧失，牺牲；以……为代价
at a cost of以……的费用/价格
at any cost以任何代价
at cost按成本
You must stop the press from finding out the truth at all costs.
你必须不惜一切代价阻止媒体查明真相。
[夯实基础]
选择方框内的短语填空
(1)He is determined to win at all costs.
(2)She saved him from drowning，but only at the cost of her own life.
(3)We want to find a cure at any cost.
(4)I can buy books at cost from this bookstore.
2
at this rate照这样继续下去
at a rate of以……速度
They both agree with me—well，at any rate，Maggie does.
他们两人都同意我的意见，不管怎样，麦琪是同意的。
[夯实基础]
不管怎样我都要试一试。(一句多译)
(1)At any rate I will try.(rate)
(2)Anyhow I will try.(anyhow)
(3)In any case I will try.(case)
(4)At any event I will try.(event)
(5)At any cost I will try.(cost)
(6)By any means I will try.(means)
1 It is compulsory for winners to be tested but other participants are only tested at
random.获胜者要强制性地进行检查，而其他参与者只是随机地检查。
1It is＋adj./n.＋for sb.to do...结构中，it为形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式短语。
2It is＋adj.＋for sb.to do...中for前面的形容词是指事物怎么样，如impossible，important等。
3It is＋adj.＋of sb.to do...中of前面的形容词是指人的性质或特征，如nice，kind等。
It’s very kind of you to help me.
你能帮助我真是太好了。
It’s important for you to arrive there on time.
重要的是你们能准时到达那儿。
[夯实基础]
(1)It is necessary that he should be sent there at once.
It is necessary for him to be sent there at once.(改为简单句)
(2)Obviously，we don’t want to spend too much money.
It is obvious that we don’t want to spend too much money.(改为复合句)
2
When he went to the doctor that day，he could not have known what was about to happen to him.那天当他去看医生时，他不可能知道他要发生什么事。
情态动词＋have done表示两个意义：
1表对过去情况的推测与估计
must＋have done用于肯定句，意为“准是/一定已经……了”
can＋have done用于否定句和疑问句，意为“不可能/不会已经……的”和“可能/也许已经……了吗”
may＋have done用于肯定句和否定句，意为“可能/也许已经……了”和“可能/或许还没有……”
2表示对过去发生之事的后悔、遗憾、责备等情绪，至于具体表示的意义则由所用的情态动词及其句法结构而定。
should/ought to＋have done本来应该……的但却没有……
could＋have done本来能够……的
might＋have done本可以……的
needn’t＋have done本来可以不必……的
You should have finished your homework yesterday.
你昨天就该做完作业。
It must have rained last night.
昨晚一定下雨了。
[夯实基础]
语法填空
(1)My book，The House of Hades，is missing.Who could have taken(take) it?
(2)He might have given(give) you more help，even though he was busy.
(3)How could you have been(be) so careless？You mistook my clothes for yours.
(4)He must have lived(live) here last year.
3单元语法
——语法填空
(1)If Mother had told (tell) me the truth when I was young，I would not make such mistakes so often now.
(2)You could answer most of the questions now if you had reviewed (review) the lessons last night.
(3)If you had studied hard before，you would be (be) a college student now.
(4)I didn’t hear the phone.I must have been (be) asleep.
(5)I could have worked (work) out the problem，but I was too nervous.
高考题组
Ⅰ.短文改错(2017·新课标全国)
I learned early in life that I had to be more patient and little aggressive.From the time I was about four until I was about six，I destroyed each of my toy.I was happy when the toys worked，but when things did wrong，I got angry and broke it.For a while parents bought me new toys.But before long they began to see which was happening.When I tear apart my fifth birthday toy train，my father said，“That’s it.No more toys to you.”My punishment lasted a year.Meanwhile，I found out that with more patience I must make my toys to last.My attitude changed from then on.
答案
I learned early in life that I had to be more patient and
aggressive.From the time I was about four until I was about six，I destroyed each of my .I was happy when the toys worked，but when things 或 wrong，I got angry and broke .For a while
parents bought me new toys.But before long they began to see
was happening.When I
apart my fifth birthday toy train，my father said，“That’s it.No more toys
you.” My punishment lasted a year.Meanwhile，I found out that with more patience I
make my toys to last.My attitude changed from then on.
Ⅱ.写作常用句翻译
是爱和关心带来了这巨大的变化。(concern)(2011·福建·书面表达)
It is love and concern that have brought about the great changes.
模拟题组
Ⅰ.语法填空
1.Chinese customs regulations prohibit taking (take) precious works of art out of China.
2.I couldn’t have enjoyed (enjoy) myself more—it was a perfect day.
3.—Why are your eyes so red？You can’t have slept well last night.
—Yeah，I stayed up late writing a report.
4.One of our rules is that every student shall wear school uniform while at school.
5.Maybe if I had studied (study) science，and not literature then，I would be able to give you more help.
6.It’s important for the figures to be updated (update) regularly.
7.It is a great honor for me to be asked (ask) to make a speech here.
8.The first time you take part in a race，it is very normal to feel tense.
9.I have never sought to hide (hide) my views.I hope you will not misunderstand me.
10.Nearly half in Lebanon agree that it is acceptable for a woman to appear in public without a headscarf.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1.It was reported that all children had physically and emotionally abused.had后加上been
2.It is doubtful that he will come here tomorrow.that→whether
3.I think it quite privilege to be invited to attend the meeting.quite后加上a或privilege→privileged
4.They only publish magazines catering the interests of adults.catering后加上to
5.What do you think the underlining word in the sentence means？underlining→underlined
6.I always have faith he will come to our party in person.faith后加上that
7.He made fortune in his business trade.made后加上a
8.The police arrested those who responsible for the murder.去掉who或who后加上were
9.No matter how hard the situation is，you should not lose your heart.去掉your
10.We walked back to the house with silence.with→in
Ⅲ.写作句式升级训练
With kindness and virtue，the world will become more beautiful.(素材来源于2017·广东·读写任务)
As long as there is kindness and virtue，the world will become more beautiful.(用as long as改写为复合句)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
Improving your vocabulary can be done at any age and any level of education.Even college students can benefit from an enlarged vocabulary，which will enhance spoken and written communication as well as providing a deeper grasp of any language.Often people are encouraged to improve their vocabulary by a major test，but improving your vocabulary can be done for fun as well.Reading more，playing word games and puzzles，and looking up words in the dictionary are all good ways to learn new words.
One of the best ways to improve your vocabulary is to read more.Reading is directly linked with a larger vocabulary，especially if you seek out books in unfamiliar styles or about unfamiliar topics.Nonfiction in a wide variety of fields can teach you new words and general knowledge，but reading fiction is also highly beneficial.As you read，make a note of unfamiliar words，look them up，and write down the definition.
Playing word games is a fun way to learn new words.Games like Scrabble and Boggle will encourage your brain to play with words and letters，as well as learning new ones.If you play with an open dictionary，you can encourage people to try out words they might otherwise be afraid of using.Most word games are interactive，so you enjoy company while you expand your vocabulary.
Another way of improving your vocabulary is to do word puzzles.Most newspapers include crosswords，simple cryptology puzzles，and jumbles that get progressively harder throughout the week.Try to commit to completing all of the word puzzles every day，or at least attempt to finish them.Word puzzles can also be done in groups，especially if you enjoy competition.You can purchase books of word puzzles of varying difficulty for a different challenge.
A simple way to improve your vocabulary is to use the dictionary.Create flashcards of unfamiliar words and practice them in the train，on the bus，or when you wake up in the morning.Try to practice words in a variety of environments so that you really learn them，and make sure to use the words in daily sentences as well so that you can grow accustomed to using them correctly.If you hear someone using a word you don’t recognize，ask him or her about it or look it up.
1．What does the underlined word “enhance” in Paragraph 1 probably mean?
A．Improve.
B．Decrease.
C．Practice.
D．Purchase
答案 A
解析 词义猜测题。根据上下文可知，此句话意思是：词汇量大对大学生非常有利，会提高他们口语和写作表达能力，也会帮助他们深层理解任何语言。故选A项。
2．How many fun ways of improving vocabulary are mentioned in the passage?
A．3.
B．4.
C．5.
D．6.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。文中一共提到4种有趣的扩大词汇量的方法：to read more，playing word games，to do word puzzles和to use the dictionary，故选B项。
3．Which of the following is a word game?
A．Nonfiction.
B．Boggle.
C．Jumbles.
D．Crosswords.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Games like Scrabble and Boggle will encourage your brain to play with words and letters，as well as learning new ones.”一句可得出答案，故选B项。
4．What do we learn from the last two paragraphs?
A．You have to complete all of the word puzzles to improve your vocabulary.
B．Word puzzles sometimes are so difficult that they need to be done in groups.
C．Practicing words everywhere and using them in daily sentences are helpful.
D．You can ignore the new words used in the conversation with your friends.
答案 C
解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Try to practice words in a variety of environments so that you really learn them，and make sure to use the words in daily sentences as well so that you can grow accustomed to using them correctly.”可知C项为答案。
Ⅱ.阅读填空
You already know an environmentalist’s three R’s：reduce，reuse，recycle.
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Here are three things you can do for Earth Day.
•Be a real cutup
The next time you’re about to throw out the plastic rings that hold a sixpack of soda together, reach for a pair of scissors.
As a young turtle，Peanut got stuck in one of those rings.As she grew，the ring stayed put，forcing her shell to grow around it.By the time someone found her and cut her free，her shell was permanently deformed(使成畸形)．
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She now lives at a nature center in Missouri.But most animals that get caught in sixpack rings die.
WHAT YOU CAN DO
Easy！Cut the rings apart before you trash them.
•Hunt for vampires(吸血鬼)
You know all those electronic inventions you’ve got at home？Even when you switch them off，they’re really still on.
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Anything with a glowing LED off/on light，a remote control，or a clock display is always on.
WHAT YOU CAN DO
Just pull out the plugs or tap the OFF switch till you really need the electronics.
•
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Matt Damon really cares about clean water.So in February，he announced that he was going on strike—against toilets.“Until everybody has access to clean water and sanitation，”he said，“I will not go to the bathroom！”He was kidding—but to make a serious point.Around the world，he said，“780 million people lack access to clean water；2.5 billion people lack access to a toilet.”
WHAT YOU CAN DO
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Just don’t waste water.Don’t run the water while brushing your teeth.Take shorter showers.
A．Get water wise
B．Use toilets less
C．But how else can you help?
D．No need to go on a toilet strike.
E．How to recognize vampire electronics?
F．That’s twice the population of the United States.
G．Thanks to her hard shell，Peanut is alive and well.
答案 5.C 6.G 7.E 8.A 9.D
Ⅲ.短文改错
Being wealthy，Jack often wears cheap clothes and just drive a small car.He helped thousands of poor children so far.He spent a large number of money on their clothing and studies.Jack heard about the stories of these children as earlier as five years ago.“I knew nothing about them since I went to their country and met those children，” Jack said.He once went for a trip to Africa，and he was lost his way in a local village.Fortunate，a little girl appeared and helped him out.Then he got to knowing the poor life of the girl and many children like her.“I want to do nothing for them，” Jack said.
答案
Being wealthy，Jack often wears cheap clothes and just
a small car.He
helped thousands of poor children so far.He spent a large
of money on their clothing and studies.Jack heard about the stories of these children as
as five years ago.“I knew nothing about them
I went to their country and met those children，” Jack said.He once went
a trip to Africa，and he was lost his way in a local village.，a little girl appeared and helped him out.Then he got to
the poor life of the girl and many children like her.“I want to do
for them，” Jack said.
Ⅳ.书面表达
随着手机的普及，越来越多的学生用手机发短信、上网、玩微信(WeChat)等，这给我们的交际和学习带来了极大的便利，但是手机用得太多也有一些弊端，如长期使用手机对眼睛有害，并影响学习等等。请就此谈谈你的看法。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考范文
Now more and more students have their own mobile phones.They not only communicate with friends by making calls，sending messages，using WeChat and so on but also surf the Internet with mobile phones.
On the one hand，it is very convenient for them to make friends，talk with friends and get some useful information through mobile phones.On the other hand，it also has some disadvantages.Firstly，playing mobile phones for too long is bad for their eyes.Secondly，playing mobile phones too often takes up too much time，which has a bad effect on their studies，and they have less time to play sports.As we all know，less exercise means they will become less healthy and fatter.
So we should use mobile phones wisely，and our parents and teachers should monitor us as well.