、阅读理解（本大题共5小题，共0分）
A
u were brought up in a two-child family and both you and your sister or brother had your own bedrooms, the chances are, if you have two children or more, that you also will offer separate bedrooms for them. In America, tor example, they train people to want to have their own rooms by giving them their own rooms when they are babies. This is very rare in the world. In many other countries, the baby sleeps in the same bed with his parents or in bed near them.
The space in the home also shows a lot about psychological space needs. Some families gather closer to each other and the size of their house has nothing to do with it. Others have separate little corners where family members go to be alone.
Although it is true that psychological space needs are not decided by economic reasons, they sometimes have to be changed a little because of eonomic pressures. It is almost impossible, however, to completely change your psychological space needs.
1. The first sentence in Paragraph 1 "Not everyone in the world requires the same amount of space"
means "______".
A. No two people need exactly the same amount of living space
B. Living space requirements are not always the same
C. The world requires the same amount of living space
D. Nobody needs a required amount of living space
2. Some families gather closer to each other at home than others because ______.
A. they have limited living space
B. they are brought up in a large family
C. it satisfies their psychological space needs
D. the children in the family sleep in the same bed with their parents
3. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A. Americans are trained to live in large rooms at birth.
B. Economic situation decides one's amount of space needs.
C. People in various countries demand different psychological space.
D. Knowing your psychological space needs is important, as it affects your future.
4. According to the writer of the passage, psychological space needs ______.
A. are not affected by income at all
B. can hardly be changed altogether
C. can be changed if you make up your mind to do so
D. have nothing to do with cultural background
5. The best title for passage is _______.
A. American Way of Living
B. Psychological Space
C. Space Needs in Different Countries
D. Psychological Space and Economic Pressure
【答案解析】
2.【分析】本题属于细节题。从第二自然段可以看出“家人居住密集，并非因为自己的住所面积而致，而是由他们的“心理”决定的。故本题答案为C。
3.【分析】本题属于细节题，选C。从文中的第一句便可以得出答案。
4.【分析】本题属总结概括题。通过全篇文章的阅读，可以推出B为本题答案。
5.【分析】本题也属总结性概括题题。B为该题最佳答案。
B
(2017·合肥一模)
Can people change their skin color without suffering like pop king Michael Jackson？Perhaps yes.Scientists have found the gene that determines skin color.
The gene comes in two versions，one of which is found in 99 per cent of Europeans.The other is found in 93 to 100 per cent of Africans，researchers
at
the
Pennsylvania State University report in the latest issue of Science.
Scientists have changed the color of a darkstriped zebrafish (斑马鱼) to gold by inserting a version of the pigment (色素) gene into a young fish.As with humans，the skin color of zebrafish is determined by pigment cells，which contain melanin (黑色素)．The number，size and darkness of melanin per pigment cell determine skin color.
It appears that，like the golden zebrafish，lightskinned Europeans also have a mutation (变异) in the gene for melanin production.This results in less pigmented skin.
However，Keith Cheng，leader of the research team，points out that the mutation is different in human and zebrafish genes.
Humans acquired dark skin in Africa about 1.5 million years ago to protect bodies from ultraviolet rays of the sun，which can cause skin cancer.
But when modern humans leave Africa to live in northern latitudes，they need more sunlight on their skin to produce vitamin D．So the related gene changes，according to Cheng.
Asians have the same version of the gene as Africans，so they probably acquired their light skin through the action of some other gene that affects skin color，said Cheng.
The new discovery could lead to medical treatments for skin cancer.It also could lead to research into ways to change skin color without damaging it like chemical treatment did on Michael Jackson.
5．Scientists have done an experiment on a darkstriped zebrafish in order to________.
A．find the genes that are different from humans’
B．prove the skin color of zebrafish is determined by the pigment gene
C．find out the reason why Africans’ skin color is dark
D．find out the ways to change people’s skin color
6．The passage mainly tells us that________.
A．scientists have found out the gene that determines people’s skin color
B．the new discovery could lead to research into ways to change skin color safely
C．pop king Michael Jackson often changed his skin color as he liked
D．people cannot change their skin color without any pain
7．The reason why Europeans are lightskinned is probably that________.
A．they are born lightskinned people
B．lightskinned Europeans have mutation in the gene for melanin production
C．they have fewer activities outside
D．they pay much attention to protecting their skin
8．The writer’s attitude towards the discovery is________.
A．neutral
B．negative
C．indifferent
D．positive【答案解析】语篇解读： 这是一篇科普文。科学家们找到了决定人类肤色的基因。
5．解析： 细节理解题。依据文章第三段可知，科学家把一种色素基因植入斑马鱼的幼鱼体内，将其变成了金色，从而证明了和人类一样，斑马鱼的肤色也是由色素细胞决定的，由此可知B项正确。
答案： B
6．解析： 主旨大意题。文章讲述了科学家通过研究斑马鱼发现了决定人类肤色的基因。首段中的“Scientists have found the gene that determines skin color.”即研究的结果，也是文章叙述的中心。
答案： A
7．解析： 细节理解题。依据文章第四段可知，像金斑马鱼一样，欧洲人的产生黑色素的基因产生了突变，使得黑色素减少，才使他们肤色变浅了。由此可知B项正确。
答案： B
8．解析： 推理判断题。依据文章最后一段的首句可知，这一发现有助于攻克皮肤癌等难题，由此可知作者对这个发现持肯定的态度。
答案： D
C
(2017·合肥四校高三4月质量检测)
For many people，volunteering is a way of life.Holidays are the time of the year that more people are in a giving mood.Homeless shelters，children’s hospitals，and nursing homes are excellent places to give of one’s time.
Volunteering in Homeless Shelters
There is a homeless directory online that anyone can easily access to find the closest homeless shelter to their home.According to the homeless shelter directory，currently there are 3,233 shelters in the US，so it is not difficult to find a shelter.Helping to serve food，picking up donations of food，preparing meals，and cleaning up are things that one can do to help at a homeless shelter.
Volunteering in Children’s Hospitals
Every child needs comfort and joy，especially during the holiday seasons.By visiting sick children in hospitals，an individual provides helping hands by supplementing the services usually done by the hospital staff.Personalizing the hospital experience adds to the comfort and happiness of the children and their families.Volunteers provide help，and positive interactions (相互交流) which enhance the patient’s quality of care.Help is needed almost everywhere in a hospital；from the lobby，parking lot，cafeteria，to admitting，helping with the gift cart，and even reading to children in the waiting rooms or their hospital rooms.
Volunteering in Nursing Homes
According to the National Center for Health Statistics，“Over 50% of those living in nursing homes do not have close relatives and 46% have no living children.”
Life in a nursing home is lonely，confusing，and frightening for many residents.Volunteering at a nursing home is a great opportunity to make a difference in someone else’s life.Playing cards，sitting with and talking to a resident，taking a walk，or sharing a meal makes a huge difference，especially when they have no other sole on earth to visit them.
The three examples above are only a small fraction of institutions in which volunteers are needed.Giving of oneself，especially during the holidays blesses and cheers others.
1．According to the passage，what can a volunteer do in nursing homes?
A．Visiting the sick children.
B．Picking up the donated food.
C．Helping with the gift cart.
D．Playing cards with a lonely old man.
2．What can we learn about the volunteering?
A．You can only volunteer during the holidays.
B．You can help prepare meals in a nursing home.
C．It is easy to find a homeless shelter to volunteer.
D．Help is needed everywhere in a homeless shelter.
3．In a children’s hospital，which of the following is true?
A．Over 50% of those living there do not have relatives.
B．A personal visit brings happiness to a sick boy.
C．Children live a lonely and frightening life.
D．Children love listening to volunteers’ reading.
4．The best title for the passage would be________.
A．Giving of oneself cheers others
B．Volunteering is a way of life
C．Volunteering during the holidays
D．Giving is better than taking
【答案解析】语篇解读： 本文介绍了人们在假期中可以选择去做志愿活动的三个地方。
1．解析： 细节理解题。根据文中Volunteering in Nursing Homes部分的描述可知D项正确。A、C项是在children’s hospitals可以做的事，B项是在homeless shelters可以做的事。
答案： D
2．解析： 细节理解题。根据文中的“There is a homeless directory online that anyone can easily access to find the closest homeless shelter to their home.”可知，人们很容易找到一个能在里面做志愿活动的流浪者之家。其他三项都是与文章内容不符。
答案： C
3．解析： 细节理解题。根据文中Volunteering in Children’s Hospitals部分的描述可知B项正确，A、C两项错误，D项文中未提及。
答案： B
4．解析： 主旨大意题。全文主要介绍了假期中人们可以选择去做志愿活动的三个地方。故C项作为本文的标题最佳。
答案： C
D
New York, 10 November---5:27 pm, yesterday. Biggest power failure in the city's history.
* Thousands of people got stuck in lifts. Martin Saltzman spent three hours between the 21st and 22nd floors of the Empire State Building. "There were twelve of us. But no one panicked. We passed the time telling stories and playing word games. One man wanted to smoke but we didn't let him. Firemen finally got us out."
* "It was the best night we've ever had," said Angela Carraro, who runs an Italian restaurant on 42nd Street. "We had lots of candles on the tables and the waiters were carrying candles on their trays. The place was full---and all night, in fact, for after we had colsed, we let the people stay on and spend the night here.
* The zoos had their problems like everyone else. Keepers worked through the night They used blankets to keep flying squirrels and small monkeys warm. While zoos had problems keeping warm, supermarkets had problems keeping cool. "All of our ice cream and frozen foods meletd," said the manager of a store in downtown Manhattan. "They were worth $50 000."
* The big electric clock in the lobby (大厅) of the Waldorf-Astoria Hotel in downtown Manhattan started ticking (滴答) again at 5:25 this morning. It was almost on time.
1. Throughout the period of darkness, Martin Saltzman and the eleven others were ____.
A. nervous
B. excited
C. calm
D. frightened
2. In what way was the night of November 9 the best night for Angela Carraro?
A. She had a taste of adventure.
B. Burning candles brightened the place.
C. Business was better than usual.
D. Many people stayed the night in her restaurant.
3. How long did the power failure last?
A. Nearly 12 hours.
B. More than 12 hours.
C. Nearly 24 hours.
D. More than 24 hours.
【答案解析】
该篇文章是一篇报道。报道的大致内容是：纽约在十一月十日（即昨天）下午5:25时发生了历史上最大的停电事件。
1.答:C最佳【分析】此题设计的意图是检测考生根据上下文来猜测中学教材中未出现的生词意义的能力。文中第二段第二行最后一句“But no one panicked”中的panic（其过去式为panicked）是一生词。但接下去一句的意思很清楚，即：我们是在讲故事和做文字游戏中消磨时光的。可见无一人“恐（惊）慌”。也就是大家都很“镇静，沉着”。所以C选项是正确答案。
2.答:C最佳【分析】此题设计的意图是检测考生根据语篇中的陈述进行推理判断的能力。本题重点考查考生对第三段文章的理解、掌握。第三段一开始就明确提示“It was the best night…”，本段结束时则是“…we let the people stay on and spend the night here.”说明这家意大利饭店的生意要比平常好得多。因此C选项是正确答案。
3.答:A最佳【分析】此题设计的意图是检测考生对所提供信息进行简单判断的能力。文章开头第一段已指出事故发生在昨天下午5:27，文章结尾的最后一段则指出Waldorf-Astoria Hotel大厅里巨大的电子钟在今晨5:25又开始滴答作响了。因此，停电时间也就是接近十二小时。
E
Fish Ears Tell fish Tales
Fish have ears. Really. They're quite small and have no opening to the outside world carrying sound through the body. For the past seven years, Simon Thorrold, a university professor, has been examining fish ears, small round ear bones called otoliths.
As fish grow, so do their otoliths. Each day, their otoliths gain a ring of calcium carbonate (碳酸钙). By looking through a microscope (显微镜) and counting these rings, Thorrold can determine the exact age of a young fish. As a fish gets older, its otoliths on longer get daily rings. Instead, they get yearly rings, which can also be counted, giving information about the fish's age, just like the growth rings of a tree.
Ring counting is nothing new to fish scientists. But Thorrold has turned to a new direction. They're examining the chemical elements (元素) of each otolith ring.
The daily ring gives us the time, but chemistry tells us about the environment in which the fish swam on any given day. These elements tell us about the chemistry of the water that the fish was in. It also says something about water temperature, which determines how much of these elements will gather within each otolith ring.
Thorrold can tell, for example, if a fish spent time in the open ocean before entering the less salty water of coastal areas. He can basically tell where fish are spending their time at any given stage of history.
In the case of the Atlantic croaker, a popular saltwater food fish, Thorrold and his assistant have successfully followed the travelling of young fish from mid-ocean to the coast, a journey of many hundreds of miles.
This is important to managers in the fish industry, who know nearly nothing about the whereabouts of the young fish for most food fish in the ocean. Eager to learn about his technology, fish scientists are now lending Thorrold their ears.
1. What can we learn about fish ears from the text?
A. They are small soft rings.
B. They are not seen from the outside.
C. They are openings only on food fish.
D. They are not used to receive sound.
2. Why does the writer compare the fish to trees?
?A. Trees gain a growth ring each day.
B. Trees also have otoliths.
C. Their growth rings are very small.
D. They both have growth rings.
3. Why is it important to study the chemistry of otolith rings?
A. The elements' of the otoliths can tell the history of the sea.
B. Chemical contents of otoliths can tell how fast fish can swim.
C. We can know more about fish and their living environment.
D. Scientists can know exactly how old a fish is.
4. How would you understand "fish scientists are now lending their ears"?
A. They are very interested in Thorrold's research findings.
B. They want to know where, they can find fish.
C. They lend their fish tor chemical studies.
D. They wonder if Thorrdd can find growth rings from their ears.
【答案解析】
1.答:B最佳【分析】由第一自然段"have no opening to the outside world" 得知。
2.答:D最佳【分析】由第二自然段最后一句话可知。
3.答:C最佳【分析】由第四自然段第一句话可知。
4.答:A最佳【分析】由第七自然段"Eager to learn out his technology"得知，此处"eager to"为“渴望”,"his"指代Thorrold's,故应选A项。
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