第一部分 必修四 Unit 4
Ⅰ.语法单句填空
1．(2011·江苏改编)We'd better discuss everything ________detail before we work out the plan.
答案：in 句意：我们最好在制订计划之前详细地讨论一切事情。in detail详细地。
2．________(approach) the city centre, we saw a stone statue of about 10 metres in height.
答案：Approaching 句意：靠近城市中心时，我们看见一座大约10米高的石雕。逻辑主语we与approach之间是主动关系，且approach与saw几乎同时发生。
3．Stephen was chosen ________(represent) the company at the conference.
答案：to represent 句意：Stephen被选出代表公司参加会议。
4．Studies show that people who like sitting in the office for hours without a break are more ________ to suffer from back problems.
答案：likely 句意：研究表明，喜欢长时间坐在办公室里不休息的人更可能得背部疾病。likely，possible和probable都意为“可能的”，但只有likely可用于sb.be likely to do sth.句型。
5．The old couple, ________ lived in the small village for years，can tell the names of all the villagers.
答案：having 考查非谓语动词。分析句子成分可知，主语The old couple和live之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，且句中有表示一段时间的时间状语for years，因此用live的现在分词的完成式。
6．I know it's normal for such a thing to happen, but we ________(avoid) it if we'd been more careful.
答案：could/might/would/should have avoided 考查虚拟语气。句意：我知道发生这样的事情是正常的，但如果我们更小心一点儿的话，这样的事是可以避免的。根据句中的“if we'd been more careful”可知，此处表示与过去事实相反的假设，故用could/might/would/should have done结构。
7．At the conference, political leaders from many countries promised to work together to defend the world ________ terrorism and other threats.
答案：against 句意：会议上，来自多个国家的政治领导人承诺携手保护全球免受恐怖活动和其他威胁的伤害。defend...against/with...“保护……免受……的伤害”。
8．—He should have been warned of the danger.
—So he ________(be), but he wouldn't listen to me.
答案：was 考查固定句型。根据答句可知，后者赞同前者的话。此处强调的是发生在过去的客观事实，因此应用so he was。
9．(2017·全国大纲改编)Today there are more airplanes ________(carry) more people than ever before in the skies.
答案：carrying 本题考查非谓语动词。句意：现在天空中比以前有更多的飞机搭载乘客。分析结构可知，此处是there be结构，主语more airplanes后接了非谓语动词；并且，airplanes与carry之间为主谓关系，故要用现在分词作定语。
10．—Tom's still angry with me.
—You are ________(blame). How dare you call him a liar! He's the last person ________(lie)．
答案：to blame；to lie sb. be to blame“某人应对(过错、罪行)负责”，名词前有序数词，the last等词修饰时，该名词后接不定式。
.阅读理解
(2017·贵州省六校联盟第二次联考)
Silence is unnatural to man. He begins life with a cry and ends it in stillness. In between he does all he can to make a noise in the world, and he fears silence more than anything else. Even his conversation is an attempt to prevent a fearful silence. If he is introduced to another person, and a number of pauses occur in the conversation, he regards himself as a failure, a worthless person, and is full of envy of the emptiest headed chatterbox (喋喋不休的人). He knows that ninetynine percent of human conversation means no more than the_buzzing_of_a_fly,_but he is anxious to join in the buzz and to prove that he is a man and not a waxwork figure (蜡塑人像)．
The aim of conversation is not, for the most part, to communicate ideas; it is to keep up the buzzing sound. There are, it must be admitted, different qualities of buzz; there is even a buzz that is as annoying as the continuous noise made by a mosquito (蚊子). But at a dinner party one would rather be a mosquito than a quiet person. Most buzzing, fortunately, is pleasant to the ear, and some of it is pleasant even to the mind. He would be a foolish man if he waited until he had a wise thought to take part in the buzzing with his neighbors.
Those who hate to pick up the weather as a conversational opening seem to me not to know the reason why human beings wish to talk. Very few human beings join in a conversation in the hope of learning anything new. Some of them are content if they are merely allowed to go on making a noise into other people's ears, though they have nothing to tell them except that they have seen two or three new plays or that they had food in a Swiss hotel. At the end of an evening during which they have said nothing meaningful for a long time, they just prove themselves to be successful conversationalists.
文章大意：沉默是金，文章作者主要解释了人为什么会不停的交谈。
1．According to the author, people make conversation to ______.
A．exchange ideas
B．prove their value
C．achieve success in life
D．overcome their fear of silence
答案：D 细节理解题。文章的第一段Even his conversation is an attempt to prevent a fearful silence.可知交谈是克服沉默的恐惧。故D正确。
2．By “the buzzing of a fly” (Para. 1), the author means“________”．
A．the noise of an insect B．a low whispering sound
C．meaningless talks D．the voice of a chatterbox
答案：C 词义理解题。根据文章第一段大意及最后一句but he is anxious to join in the buzz and to prove that he is a man and not a waxwork figure.可知the buzzing of a fly为“无意义的交谈”之意。故C正确。
3．According to the passage, people usually talk to their neighbors ________.
A．about whatever they have prepared
B．about whatever they want to
C．in the hope of learning something new
D．in the hope of getting on well
答案：B 细节理解题。根据文章第二段最后一句he waited until he had a wise thought to take part in the buzzing with his neighbors.可以得出答案。故B正确。
4．What is the author's purpose in writing the passage?
A．To discuss why people like talking about weather.
B．To encourage people to join in conversations.
C．To persuade people to stop making noises.
D．To explain why people keep talking.
答案：D 主旨大意题。根据大意可知文章作者主要解释了人为什么会不停的交谈。故可知文章作者的写作目的。故D正确。
Ⅲ.完形填空
(2017·郑州市三模)
When you say “communication”， most people will think of words and sentences. Though these are very important, we __1__ with more than just spoken and written words. __2__， body positions are part of what we call “body language”. We often see __3__ of unconscious body language, yet there is also “learned” body language, which is __4__ from culture to culture.
We use “learned” body language __5__ we are introduced to strangers. Every culture has
__6__ a formal way to greet strangers to show them we aren't __7__. Traditionally, Europeans and Americans shake hands with the right hand—the strongest one for most people. If our right hand is busy __8__ someone, it cannot be holding a weapon(武器). So the gesture is saying，“I __9__ you. Look, I'm not carrying a threatening weapon.” If you shake hands with someone, you __10__ that you trust them.
Greetings in Asian countries don't include __11__ the other person, but they always include the hands. Traditionally in China, when we greet someone, we put the right __12__ over the left and bow slightly. Muslims give a “salaam” (穆斯林的额手礼), where they touch their heart, mouth and forehead.
Indians join their hands and bow their heads with __13__.
In these examples, the hands are busy with the greeting and cannot hold a weapon.
Even today, when some people have __14__ styles of greeting, they still use their hands as a gesture of trust. American youths often greet each other with the
__15__， “Give me five！” One person then __16__ his hand, palm(手掌) outwards and five fingers spread. The other person raises his hand and slaps the other's __17__ hand above the head in a “high five”. Nowadays, it is quite a common greeting.
Body language is __18__ and attractive for anyone to study. Some people may __19__themselves much more by their gestures than by their __20__. Look at your friends and family and see if you are a mindreader!
文章大意：本文是一篇文化类说明文。文章主要说明了身体语言也是我们与别人交流的一种方式，而且文化背景不同，身体语言也会有所不同。
1．A.connect
B．talk
C．communicate
D．live
答案：C 考查动词辨析。与上句中的“communication”相照应，此处指我们不仅仅通过口头和书面语言交流。故选C。
2．A.Indeed
B．Therefore
C．However
D．Meanwhile
答案：A 考查副词辨析。本句话与上句话在语气上是承接关系，结合选项意思可知，答案为A，意为“实际上”。B项强调前后句为因果关系；C项强调前后句为转折关系；D项强调同时发生或存在。
3．A.characters
B．examples
C．signs
D．movements
答案：B 考查名词辨析。本句指我们会经常看见人们会无意识地使用身体语言的情况。故选B，意为“例子，实例”。A项意为“特征，性格，人物”；C项意为“迹象，标志”；D项意为“运动，移动”。
4．A.obvious
B．necessary
C．useful
D．different
答案：D 考查形容词辨析。根据下文可知，文化不同，“习得的”身体语言也有所不同。故选D。
5．A.when
B．unless
C．since
D．because
答案：A 考查从属连词辨析。本句指我们何时应该使用习得的身体语言。故选A。
6．A.changed
B．developed
C．explored
D．discovered
答案：B 考查动词辨析。难度较小，每个文化都有其自己独特的身体语言，这是逐渐发展形成的。故选B。
7．A.strange
B．selfish
C．rude
D．aggressive
答案：D 考查形容词辨析。根据下文举例可知，这样的身体语言方式是用来向对方表示友好、消除对方的戒备心理的。故选D，意为“侵略性的，好斗的，积极进取的”。
8．A.helping
B．pleasing
C．greeting
D．reaching
答案：C 考查动词辨析。根据上句可知，与陌生人第一次见面时，欧洲人和美国人都用握手的方式来表示友好。故选C，意为“与……打招呼，向……示好”。
9．A.recognize
B．trust
C．follow
D．protect
答案：B 考查动词辨析。根据本段最后一句中的“you ______ that you trust them”可知，答案选B。
10．A.show
B．promise
C．think
D．insist
答案：A 考查动词辨析。此处是指身体语言所表达的意思。故选A，意为“表明”。
11．A.disturbing
B．observing
C．touching
D．annoying
答案：C 考查动词辨析。此处是指亚洲人与欧洲人在打招呼问候时身体语言上的一些不同，根据常识以及“but they always include the hands”可知，此处强调亚洲人问候打招呼时彼此身体接触较少。故选C。A项意为“打扰”；B项意为“观察，庆祝”；D项意为“惹恼，打扰”。
12．A.arm
B．foot
C．fist
D．hand
答案：D 考查名词辨析。根据上句中的“but they always include the hands”可知，本句是在说“手”。故选D。
13．A.respect
B．confidence
C．care
D．understanding
答案：A 考查名词辨析。由于是问候打招呼，所以这些身体语言都是向对方表示友好和尊重的。故选A，意为“尊重，尊敬”。
14．A.common
B．traditional
C．casual
D．formal
答案：C 考查形容词辨析。根据下句所举的例子可知，这个手势是年轻人见面打招呼常用的，属于非正式的，由此可知，此处指“非正式的、随意的”问候打招呼手势语。故选C。
15．A.idea
B．expression
C．action
D．order
答案：B 考查名词辨析。“Give me five！”属于一个习惯用语。故选B，意为“表达，措辞”。
16．A.puts out
B．sticks up
C．spreads out
D．holds up
答案：D 考查动词短语辨析。根据下句“The other person raises his hand and slaps the other's ________ hand...”可知，二者是在击掌。故选D，意为“举起，挂起”。A项意为“伸出，扑灭”；B项意为“竖起”；C项意为“蔓延，延伸”。
17．A.closed
B．strong
C．open
D．friendly
答案：C 考查形容词辨析。根据上文中的“five fingers spread”可知，击掌时“手指分开”。故选C。
18．A.correct
B．familiar
C．interesting
D．original
答案：C 考查形容词辨析。根据上文内容以及本句中的“and attractive”可知，身体语言包含许多文化内容，所以学习它很有意思。故选C。
19．A.express
B．enjoy
C．devote
D．behave
答案：A 考查动词辨析。此处指有些人用身体语言传递的信息比用口头语言传递给别人的信息还要多。故选A，意为“传递，表达”。
20．A.marks
B．words
C．sounds
D．conversations
答案：B 考查名词辨析。此处将身体语言与口头语言相对比。故选B。
.语法填空
(2017·河北省衡水中学二调)
Why is pink or purple a color for girls and blue or brown for boys?
The answer depends largely __1__
cultural values as well as personal experiences. To the Egyptians, green was a color __2__ represented the hope and joy of spring, while for Muslims, it means heaven. Red is a symbol of good luck in many cultures. During the Spring Festival in China, children __3__(give) money in a red envelope to bring good fortune in the New Year. For many nations, blue is a symbol of protection and religious beliefs. Greek people often wear a blue necklace hoping to protect __4__
against evils(灾祸)．
People's __5__(choose) of colors is also influenced by their bodies' reactions toward them. Green is said to be __6__ most restful color. It has the ability to reduce pain and relax people both mentally __7__ physically. People
__8__(work) in green environment have been found to have fewer stomach aches.
Red can cause a person's blood pressure to rise and increase people's appetites(食欲). Many decorators will include different shades of red in the restaurant. And many commercial websites will have a red “Buy Now” button because red is a color that __9__(easy) catches a person's eye.
Blue is another calming color. Unlike red, blue is believed to cause people to lose appetite. So __10__ you want to eat less, some suggest that eating from blue plates can help.
文章大意：本文主要讲述的就是在不同的文化中的颜色意义和功能作用。
答案：
1．on/upon 主要取决于文化价值观和个人的经验。depend on/upon取决于。
2．that/which 对于埃及人来说，绿色是代表希望和快乐的颜色。这是定语从句，先行词是color，定语从句缺少主语，故填关系代词that/which。
3．are given 在中国的春节孩子们被给予红包的压岁钱带来好运。children和give是被动关系，用are given。
4．themselves 希腊人经常带蓝色的项链为了保护自己没有灾祸。用反身代词themselves。
5．choice 人们对颜色的选择也受身体对它们反应的影响。动词choose转换成名词choice。
6．the 绿色据说是最让人安静的颜色，用the修饰最高级。
7．and 它能够在精神上和身体上减轻疼痛，使人们放松。这里是并列关系，用and。
8. working 据说在绿色的环境下工作的人胃疼更少。用working作定语修饰people，相当于who work。
9．easily 红色是容易吸引人眼球的颜色。用副词easily修饰catch。
10．if/when 如果你想吃得少，建议用蓝色的盘子吃饭。连词“如果”if/when。