Unit 4 Astronomy：the science of the stars Section ⅠWarming Up & Reading 课时精练（人教版必修3，重庆专用）
Ⅰ.课文缩写
The earth was just a cloud of __1__ after the “Big Bang”．The earth __2__ loudly with fire and rock.They were in __3__ to produce many things, which were to make the earth's atmosphere.As the earth cooled down，water began to appear on its surface.It allowed the earth to dissolve __4__ gases.Then life began to develop.
The first small plants __5__ and filled the oceans and seas with oxygen.This encouraged the __6__ of early shellfish and fish.Land animals such as insects，reptiles and dinosaurs and so on appeared after green plants appeared.Small clever animals __7__ all over the earth.They are putting too __8__ carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, which __9__ heat from the earth into space.Whether life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will __10__ on whether this problem can be solved.
答案 1.dust 2.exploded 3.time 4.harmful 5.multiplied 6.development 7.spread 8.much 9.prevents 10.depend
Ⅱ.单词拼写
1．He was interested in ________ (天文学)and always stayed up at night to watch the stars.
2．Computer hackers have broken down security ________(系统), raising questions about the safety of information.
3．Too much sugar can be ________(伤害)to children's teeth.
4．The threestar hotel offers a friendly ________ (气氛)and personal service.
5．What you did would ________ (阻止)the children from playing computer games too much.
6．Mary's ________(到场)at the party last night was not noticed.
7．6 ________ (乘) by 5 is 30.
8．________(理论)is based on practice.
9．Not long ago a ________(剧烈)earthquake occurred off the coast of Indonesia.
10．My sister ________(困惑) me and causes me anxiety.
答案 1.astronomy 2.systems 3.harmful 4.atmosphere 5.prevent 6.presence 7.multiplied 8.Theory 9.violent 10.puzzles
Ⅲ.翻译与仿写
1．Last month I was lucky enough to have a chance to make a trip into space with my friend Li Yanping, an astronomer.
翻译：____________________________________________________________
仿写：只有二十个学生被选出到国外学习，我很幸运成为其中一个。
_________________________________________________________________
2．When we get closer to the moon, we shall feel its gravity pulling us, but it will not be as strong a pull as the earth's.
翻译：____________________________________________________________
仿写：她和她的姐姐一样有着吸引人的嗓音。
_________________________________________________________________
3．But when I tried to step forward，I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over.
翻译：___________________________________________________________
仿写：这个月汽车的产量是上个月的两倍。
_________________________________________________________________
4．Now that you want to improve your oral English，you should
speak English every day.
翻译：____________________________________________________________
仿写：既然已经长大，你必须停止这种幼稚的行为。
_________________________________________________________________
答案 1.翻译：我的朋友李彦平是一位宇航员。上个月我有幸有机会同他一道去太空旅行。
仿写：There were 20 students chosen to go abroad to study, and I was lucky enough to be one of them.
2．翻译：当更接近月球时，我们就会感到月球的引力在拉我们。但是，月球的引力不像地球的引力那么大。
仿写：She has as attractive a voice as her sister.
3．翻译：当我试着向前迈步的时候，我发觉我被送出去很远，步子的跨度竟是在地球上的两倍，因而我摔倒了。
仿写：The output of cars this month is twice as much as last month.
4．翻译：既然你想提高英语口语，你应该每天说英语。
仿写：Now that you are grown up, you must stop this childish behaviour.
Ⅳ.句型转换
1．He went back home, and he felt tired and hungry.
He went back home，________ ________ ________.
他回到家时又累又饿。
2．Now the weather is fine, let's go for a picnic.
________ ________ the weather is fine, let's go for a picnic.
既然天气那么好，我们去野餐吧。
3．You must watch out for wild animals when walking through the forest.
You must ________ ________ ________ ________ for wild animals when walking through the forest.
穿行森林时，你必须提防野兽。
4．Shuhow Lin is an excellent basketball player like Yao Ming.
Shuhow Lin is ________ excellent a basketball player ________ Yao Ming.
林书豪和姚明一样都是优秀的篮球队员。
5．His apartment is three times as large as mine.
His apartment is three times ________ ________ ________ mine.
他的公寓是我的公寓的三倍大。
答案 1.tired and hungry 2.Now that 3.keep a good watch 4.as；as
5.the size of
Ⅴ.单项填空
1．It's really a ________ for a teenager to study abroad after high school.
A．challenge
B．puzzle
C．failure
D．disadvantage
答案 A [考查名词。句意：高中毕业后到国外学习，对于青少年来说这真是一个挑战。根据句意“挑战”可知答案。]
2．We suggest that they provide an effective warning system to ________ many of the disasters ________.
A．keep; happening
B．prevent; from happening
C．stop; from being happened
D．prevent; from being happened
答案 B [考查动词。句意：我们提议他们提供一个有效的警报系统来阻止更多灾害的发生。prevent ... from...“阻止……免于……”，符合题意。happen为不及物动词，无被动语态，故排除C、D两项。如果选A项的话，happening前面应加from。]
3．They had a ________ quarrel and John stormed out.
A．violent
B．cruel
C．strong
D．harmful
答案 A [考查形容词。句意：他们发生了激烈的争吵，约翰怒气冲冲地离开了。violent“猛烈的；激烈的”；cruel“残忍的；残酷的”；strong“强壮的；坚强的”；harmful“有害的”。]
4．I don't think I'll need any money but I'll bring some ________.
A．at last
B．in case
C．once again
D．in time
答案 B [考查介词短语。句意：我认为我不需要钱，我还是带着以防万一。根据语境“以防万一”可知答案。]
5．Completely lost in the exciting ________ of the football match, Tom didn't feel his pocket picked.
A．scene
B．view
C．atmosphere
D．sight
答案 C [考查名词辨析。atmosphere 在此指“气氛；氛围”。]
6．Do you think ________ life on Mars?
A．it exists
B．there exists
C．it is existed
D．there is existed
答案 B [考查There exists...句式，意为“某地存在某物”。exist v．存在。]
7．All possible means ________.However, nothing can ________ him dying of lung cancer.
A．has tried; stop
B．have tried; keep
C．has been tried; prevent
D．have been tried; stop
答案 D [考查动词短语。第一空主语 means 是单复数同形的名词，有 all修饰，谓语用复数，且为被动语态；第二空 stop和 prevent 都对，但 keep...from中 from不能省略。]
8．The camera isn't missing. It's still ________ where I ________ it a month ago.
A．lies; lay
B．lies; laid
C．lays; lay
D．lays; laid
答案 B [考查动词。第一空意思为“躺在……”表示状态用一般现在时；第二空意思为“把……放在……上”表示过去动作用lay的过去时laid。]
9．I was just about to leave ________ I heard a voice calling for help.
A．before
B．when
C．while
D．as
答案 B [考查连词。此处为句型be about to do sth when...意思为“正要……这时……”。]
10．—Did you enjoy your holiday?
—Very much ________.
A．probably
B．actually
C．after all
D．I' m afraid
答案 B [考查副词。根据生活常识对假期的喜欢用“实际上”符合语境。]
11．Many students in this school make ________ a rule to come to the evening classes even on Saturdays.
A．this
B．that
C．it
D．them
答案 C [考查形式宾语。句意：这个学校的许多学生制定了一条规则就是在周六都到学校来上夜校。此处it为形式宾语。]
12．It is still under discussion ________ the old bus station should be replaced with a modern hotel or not.
A．whether
B．when
C．which
D．where
答案 A [考查名词性从句。此处句子中的it为形式主语，根据句意“是否”以及句式or not推知用whether引导。]
13．I greeted the teacher with “Hello”， and the teacher gave me a sweet smile ________.
A．by turns
B．in return
C．in turn
D．for turn
答案 B [考查介词短语。根据语境“向老师问好”“老师作出微笑”，推知“回报”，in return意思为“回报……”符合题意。]
14．We can never expect ________ bluer sky unless we stop ________ industrial waste going into ________ atmosphere.
A．a; the; the
B. the; the; the
C．a; /; the
D. the; /; /
答案 A [考查冠词。第一空表示泛指“一个清洁的天空”；其他两空均为特指。]
15．As a student in Senior Three, I must work hard. ________， I should take exercise to strengthen my body.
A．Otherwise
B．Meanwhile
C．Therefore
D．Thus
答案 B [考查副词。根据“努力学习”，“多做练习”推知都是要做的事情，为“同时……”。]
Ⅵ.阅读理解
Vincent Van Gogh (30 March 1853—29 July 1890) was a Dutch postImpressionist artist. He was considered one of the greatest artists with great influence on 20th century art.
Van Gogh spent his early adult life working for a firm of art dealers. After a brief period as a teacher, he became a missionary(传教士) worker in a very poor mining region. He did not begin his career as an artist until 1880; however, during the last ten years of his life, he produced more than 2,000 pieces, including around 900 paintings and 1,100 drawings and sketches(素描).
He worked only with sombre(昏暗的) colours until he met Impressionism and neoImpressionism in Paris. Van Gogh incorporated(合并) their brighter colours and style of painting into a uniquely recognizable style. Most of his bestknown works were produced during his final two years, when he was suffering from serious mental illness.
In 1890, at the age of 37, Van Gogh shot himself in the chest. He died two days later, with Theo, his brother and his best friend, at his side, who reported his last words as “The sadness will last forever”. Theo, unable to come to terms with his brother's death, died 6 months later and was buried next to him. It would not take long before his fame grew higher and higher.
Vincent Van Gogh's mother threw away quite a number of his paintings during Vincent's life and even after his death. But she would live long enough to see her son become a worldfamous painter.
The only painting he sold during his lifetime, The Red Vineyard, was created in 1888. It is now on display in the Pushkin Museum in Moscow, Russia. Several paintings by Van Gogh rank among the most expensive paintings in the world.
On March 30, 1987 Van Gogh's painting Irises was sold for a record $53.9 million at Southeby's, New York. On May 15, 1990 his Portrait of Doctor Gachet was sold for
$82.5 million at Christie's, thus establishing a new price record.
【语篇大意】 本文主要介绍了著名画家梵高的人生经历。
1．What's the right order of Van Gogh's life experience?
a．worked as a teacher
b．took up drawing
c．worked in an art firm
d．worked as a missionary worker
A．c, a, b, d
B．c, a, d, b
C．b, c, a, d
D．b, a, c, d
答案 B [细节理解题。由第三段可知B项正确叙述了梵高的人生经历。]
2．Which words can best describe Van Gogh's later years?
A．Sad and boring.
B．Normal and peaceful.
C．Happy but fruitless.
D．Painful but productive.
答案 D [推断判断题。根据文章可知，梵高晚年患有严重的精神疾病(serious mental illness)，而他的大部分著名作品创造于生命的最后两年，由此可以判断他的晚年是“痛苦而又多产的”。]
3．Why did Van Gogh kill himself?
A．Because he was a failure as an artist.
B．Because he had an unhappy family.
C．Because he lost his beloved brother.
D．Because he was suffering from mental illness.
答案 D [细节理解题。第二段结尾告诉我们，梵高晚年患有严重的精神疾病，第4段开头接着说梵高自杀，由此可知D项正确。]
4．What can we learn from the passage?
A．Van Gogh didn't become famous until he died.
B．Van Gogh drew and sold many paintings in his life.
C．Van Gogh achieved great success during his lifetime.
D．Van Gogh drew most of his paintings between 1888 and 1890.
答案 A [推断判断题。结合最后一段开头The only painting he sold during his lifetime...和第三段结尾It would not take long before his fame grew higher and higher.可以判断梵高生前并不辉煌，只是死后才声名大噪，故A项正确。]