专题二 高瞻远瞩——锁定类题目
Ⅰ.体验高考
(2017·福建卷)It was Mother's Day morning last year and I was doing shopping at our local supermarket with my fiveyearold son，Tenyson.As we were leaving，we found that only minutes earlier an elderly woman had fallen over at the entrance and had hit her head on the concrete.Her husband was with her，but there was blood everywhere and the woman was embarrassed and clearly in shock.
Walking towards the scene，Tenyson became very upset about what had happened to the couple.He said to me，“Mum，it's not much fun falling over in front of everyone.”
At the front of the supermarket，a charity(慈善) group had set up a stand selling cooked sausages and flowers to raise funds.Tenyson suggested that we should buy the lady a flower.“It will make her feel better，”he said.I was amazed that he'd come up with this sweet idea.So we went over to the flower seller and asked her if we could buy a flower for the lady to cheer her up.“Just take it，”she replied.“I can't take your money for such a wonderful gesture.”
By now paramedics(急救人员)had arrived，and were attending to the injured woman.As we walked up to her，my son became intimidated by all the blood and medical equipment.He said he was just too scared to go up to her.
Instead I gave the flower to the woman's husband and told him，“My son was very upset for your wife and wanted to give her this flower to make her feel better.”
At that，the old man started crying and said，“Thank you so much，you have a wonderful son.Happy Mother's Day to you.”
The man then bent down and gave his wife the flower，telling her who it was from.Though badly hurt and shaken，the old lady looked up at Tenyson with love in her eyes and gave him a little smile.
【语篇导读】 本文是一篇记叙文，记述了五岁小男孩Tenyson为了使摔倒的老太太开心，向花摊买花并送给老太太的动人故事。
1．What does the author intend to tell us?
A．One can never be too careful.
B．Actions speak louder than words.
C．Love begins with a little smile.
D．A small act of kindness brings a great joy.
解析 推理判断题。尽管老人受伤严重，但是仍然向作者的儿子露出了微笑。由此可见一个小小的善举都可带来快乐。故选D项。
答案 D
2．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A．The elderly woman was knocked down by Tenyson.
B．Tenyson's idea of buying a flower gained his mother's support.
C．Tenyson's care for the elderly woman puzzled the flower seller.
D．The elderly woman was moved to tears by Tenyson's gesture.
解析 事实细节题。根据第三段中so we went over to the flower seller and asked her if we could buy a flower for the lady to cheer her up.可知Tenyson的主意获得了他母亲的支持，故选B项。
答案 B
3．The underlined word“intimidated”in the fourth paragraph probably means“________”．
A．astonished
B．struck
C．frightened
D．excited
解析 词义猜测题。根据he said he was just too scared to go up to her可猜出“intimidated”意思是“害怕的”。故选C项。
答案 C
4．What would be the best title for the passage?
A．Flower Power
B．Mother's Day
C．An Accidental Injury
D．An Embarrassing Moment
解析 主旨大意题。尽管老人受伤严重，但是仍然向作者的儿子露出了微笑。所以最好的题目应该是鲜花的力量，故选A项。
答案 A
Ⅱ.仿真、模拟
Passage
1
体裁：议论文 话题：如何减压 时间：6分钟
Our children feel stressed out by an educational system that actually uses stress as an educational technique.It's a constant pressure of homework deadlines，essays and exams.And our children are told at a young age that failing a test means that they are failures in life.They'll end up nowhere if they don't pass this or that exam.Our educational system is based on a very Western idea that life is a struggle and you'd better measure up.It's survival of the fittest.While there is some truth to this，not as much as people think.
Our ancestors didn't develop a constant stress environment.Back then，stress came quickly and was over quickly，it wasn't like the stress of modern education.Stress was originally just a shortterm biological response to danger；however，the constant stress of modern education rarely stops.It's long term，at least ten years and usually more.
Recent research has shown that the neurological(神经系统的)response to stress is the same response that is found in depression.So，what's the solution? A number have been proposed，including but not limited to the following.
________.Exercise consumes energy that would otherwise build up in the stress response and could cause physical and mental problems.
Teach relaxation exercises.Allowing the mind and body to relax cuts off the stress response and reduces the neurological fatigue，enabling the individual to recover at least somewhat.
Pay attention to thinking.Training the stressed student to pay attention to his or her own mind to a point where he or she is sufficiently aware to shut off the stress response when necessary.
Of course，there's a logical answer to the problem.Just rearrange our teaching methods to encourage，rather than prevent，the natural curiosity and joy in learning that we are all born with.This would remove the stress and probably cut learning time in half.
【语篇导读】 在现行教育制度下，孩子们的压力很大，已经不堪重负了。作为家长和老师，应该怎样有效的帮助孩子减压呢？
1．What is the main idea of the passage?
A．Dealing with stress in modern education.
B．Helping children live a happy life.
C．Getting rid of the modern education.
D．Taking measures to learn at school.
解析 主旨大意题。这是一篇议论文，讲述了现行教育制度下，如何帮助孩子摆脱压力。故选A项。
答案 A
2．Children feel stressed because ______.
A．they dislike the educational technique
B．they have no ability to finish their homework
C．they are convinced high grades are important
D．they suffer numbers of failures in their life
解析 细节理解题。依据文章第一段的our children are told at a young age that failing a test means that they are failures in life可知，孩子们很小的时候就被告知考试失败意味着他们生活中也会失败。故选C项。
答案 C
3．How did our ancestors treat education?
A．They thought education was the only way to success.
B．They felt education could bring shortterm stress.
C．They believed education could bring the best out.
D．They knew the importance of good education.
解析 推理判断题。依据文章第二段的Back then，stress came quickly and was over quickly可知，我们的祖先那时候，在教育方面压力来得快，也很快结束，是短期行为，故选B项。
答案 B
4．Which of the following is the best for the blank?
A．Make sure that kids get exercise.
B．Quite a few children avoid exercise.
C．Try to save energy as much as possible.
D．Set a few limits to your physical activities.
解析 推理判断题。运动消耗能量，否则这些能量引起压力反应，可能会导致身体和心理问题。因此让孩子们参加运动，这样可以减压。故选A项。
答案 A
5．If you are a teacher in a high school ______.
A．you should relax yourself as far as possible
B．you should ignore the stressed student
C．you should leave students in a good mood
D．you should stick to your teaching methods
解析 细节理解题。依据文章尾段可知，老师应该鼓励孩子们的好奇心，让孩子们在愉悦中学习。故选C项。
答案 C
Passage
2
体裁：说明文 话题：网络时代 时间：6分钟
Think about how many ways there are for you to communicate today.You can send a letter or pick up the phone and make a call.But today，one of the most popular ways to communicate is called instant messaging(IM)．In any instant messaging system，you type a little text message on your computer，press the “Send” button，and your message instantly shows up on your friend's screen.But how does it work?
Actually，the whole process is very cool.In the 1980s，you could sit down at a computer at any big university.Up to 100 people would be logged in and share the computer because these computers were very expensive.You could type a command to send an instant message to anyone logged in the same computer.It felt like everyone was connected together no matter where they were sitting.
Today，you can communicate with anyone in the world.All you need is an instant messaging program installed on your computer.There are many programs to choose from.AOL's instant messenger is probably the most popular right now.MSN has one.Google has Google Talk.
When you're ready，you create an account.Next，you need to figure out the IM names your friends use.Add their IM names to your IM program.Click on the friend you want to talk to and then type away.When you click “Send”，your friend gets the message instantly.
But behind the scenes，amazing things are happening.Your IM program is communicating with a computer，called a server，which could be just down the road or even in some other city.All your friends' computers are communicating with a server，too.Your computer is constantly chatting with it
to make everything happen.The network called the Internet makes it all possible.
【语篇导读】 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了目前网上最流行的交流方式——即时通信。
1．What could be the best title of the passage?
A．Different Ways of Communication
B．The Easiest Way to Talk to a Friend
C．How to Send Instant Messages
D．Development of Communication
解析 主旨大意题。根据第一段的后两句及整篇文章的内容可知，该文介绍的是如何发送即时消息，所以选C项作标题最合适。
答案 C
2．Why did so many people share a computer in the 1980s?
A．Because they wanted to be connected to each other.
B．Because few people could afford to buy computers.
C．Because few people knew how to use computers.
D．Because computers at that time were too large.
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段的第三句“Up to 100 people would be logged in and share the computer because these computers were very expensive.”可知，一百多个人使用一台电脑是因为电脑太贵，很少有人买得起。
答案 B
3．From the passage we can see that “Google Talk”______．
A．is a kind of search engine
B．refers to a computer company
C．is a famous website
D．is an IM program
解析 细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知，要想进行即时聊天，你需要在电脑上装一个IM程序，并且有很多这样的程序供你选择，故Google Talk是一个IM程序。
答案 D
4．The underlined“it” in the last paragraph most probably refers to“______ ”．
A．a server
B．an IM
program
C．a computer
D．the Internet
解析 代词指代题。根据上文中的“Your IM program is communicating with a computer，called a server”以及“All your friends' computers are communicating with a server，too.”可知，此处的it指的就是前面提到的a server。
答案 A
Passage
3
体裁：记叙文 话题：慈善行为 时间：6分钟
Basketball professional Tina Charles grew up understanding the importance of education and of giving back to others.When the WNBA star and the 2017 US Olympic Women's Basketball team athlete heard about the chance to fund a school in an African village，she made sure to take part.
Charles first came across the opportunity while she was a sophomore in college.At that time，she didn't have the funds to help out，but all of that changed when she was drafted(选派) to the WNBA.With the help of two charitable organizations—OmniPeace and buildOn—Charles funded the entire
32,000 cost of the school.
The school，completed earlier this spring，was built in the small village of Ganale in western Africa.Before Charles' contribution，children living in the village were schooled in tiny mud huts.The lack of proper lighting and of proper airflow made it difficult for the students to learn.
The new school building is nearly 3,000 square feet and contains three large classrooms.It can fit up to 150 students at a time and is also used for adult literacy(读写能力) classes in the evenings.The school will be a source of learning for generations to come.
Charles undertook this charitable act while playing professional basketball and preparing for the London Olympics.The Olympic Games begin today，July 27，and Charles will play for a team that has won the gold medal in the last four Olympic Games.
The firsttime Olympic competitor considers her position in the team，along with 12 fellow female basketball players，a “testament
to how hard she works”．
Whether it is representing her country in the Olympic Games or giving back to the community，Charles is always working hard.“Once you receive，you have to give，” she told the reporter.“I wanted to give others the same opportunities I had growing up.”
【语篇导读】 首次参加奥运会的美国女子职业篮球运动员蒂娜·查尔斯出资32 000美元，为非洲的一个村子援建了一所学校。
1．Charles didn't help with the building of a school the first time she came across the opportunity because ______.
A．she was busy with her studies
B．she couldn't make the decision
C．she didn't have enough money
D．she was busy playing basketball
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段可知，在上大学期间，蒂娜就听说了为非洲援建学校的事情，但是，当时她没有钱来提供帮助。故答案为C。
答案 C
2．The underlined word“testament”in Paragraph 6 probably means“______ ”．
A．proof
B．guarantee
C．investigation
D．devotion
解析 词义猜测题。根据第六段可知，蒂娜认为自己在球队里的位置是对自己努力的一个证明。由此可推断画线词意为“证明”与proof同义。其他几个词代入原文均讲不通。
答案 A
3．What do the villagers do in the new school in the evening?
A．Watch TV and movies.
B．Sing and dance to have fun.
C．Learn how to read and write.
D．Help children with their lessons.
解析 细节理解题。根据第四段第二句的内容可知，成年人晚上到新学校来学识字。故答案为C。
答案 C
4．What is the best title of the text?
A．An Olympian Lends a Hand
B．African Children's New Life
C．A New School for African Children
D．The Woman Olympic Competitor
解析 主旨大意题。根据文章内容可知，本文主要讲述了首次参加奥运会的美国女子篮球运动员蒂娜为非洲捐款建学校的故事，因此A项作为本文的标题最合适。
答案 A
Passage
4
体裁：记叙文 话题：学校生活 时间：6分钟
Would you want a doctor who got high marks in medical school just for trying hard? Apparently many college students would have no problem with that.They believe students are owed a good grade simply because they put a lot of effort into a class.
The researchers asked over 800 undergraduates if they agreed or disagreed with some statements.For example：“If I have completed most of the reading for a class，I deserve a B in that course.”“A professor should not be annoyed with me if I receive an important call during class.”
Just 16% thought it was OK to take that phone call.But 66% agreed that a professor should consider effort and not just the quality of a student's work when deciding grades.And 40% thought they should get a B，the second highest mark，just because they did most of the reading for class.
Some experts aren't surprised that students often see no difference between effort and results.Social critics like to say that in children's activities these days，everyone gets an award just for trying，so no one will feel rejected.
Yet competition to get into the best colleges is fiercer than ever.Students may worry that low grades will keep them out of graduate school or a good job.
And there may be another explanation: pressure from parents to get a good return on the family's investment.These days, college can cost more than a house.
A former teaching assistant recently wrote to The New York Times about his experience with grade expectations.He would try to explain it this way when students asked for a top grade just for studying hard in chemistry class.
What if a baseball player came to spring training and worked harder than all the others，but still could not play well? Would the team accept him anyway，just because he tried so hard?
The students would say no.But most of them would still ask for an A.
【语篇导读】 许多大学生认为只要他们努力学习，就应当得到高的分数，但是专家认为，努力和结果不能等同。
1．What does the passage mainly discuss?
A．Whether students deserve high marks just for trying hard.
B．Whether students are allowed to answer calls in class.
C．How students can get a good grade in the course.
D．Why students put a lot of efforts in their studies.
解析 主旨大意题。根据全文内容尤其是第一段中的“They believe students are owed a good grade simply because they put a lot of effort into a class.”可知，文章主要讨论的是“付出努力是否应该得到高分”。
答案 A
2．According to the research，most of the students ______.
A．thought it was all right to answer the call during class
B．objected to deciding grades only by the quality of a student's work
C．thought they did most of the work for class and should get a B
D．agreed that they should be given top grades because of their hard work
解析 细节理解题。根据第三段的第二句“But 66% agreed that a professor should consider effort and not just the quality of a student's work when deciding grades.”可知，大多数的学生不同意教授只根据功课的质量来决定分数。
答案 B
3．From the sixth paragraph we can learn that ______.
A．it costs much more to build a college than to buy a house
B．the costs of studying at college are much more than staying at home
C．the costs of sending a child to college are much more than buying a house
D．it is difficult for parents to send a child to college
解析 细节理解题。根据第六段中的“These days，college can cost more than a house.”可知，如今供孩子上大学的费用比买房的费用还高。
答案 C
4．What does the former assistant want to tell students with the example of the baseball player?
A．Effort can lead to good results.
B．Effort is very necessary.
C．Effort and results are quite different.
D．No good results，effort is unnecessary.
解析 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“Would the team accept him anyway，just because he tried so hard？”的反问来看，他想让学生知道“努力不等于好结果”。
答案 C
Passage
5
体裁：议论文 话题：欧美风情 时间：6分钟
They can be damp and cold.But with a growing number of men seeing the shed as a home from home，research claims the solitude(独处) it provides at the bottom of the garden could actually be good for their health.
A study published in the British Medical Journal suggests that the peaceful retreat(退隐) may help lower blood pressure.Its author，Professor Alan White of Leeds Metropolitan University，claims the hours spent pottering(闲逛) about in sheds doing odd jobs also have a positive effect on men's selfesteem.“Men find doing things relaxing and that in itself is good for their health，” he said.“There's a sense of achievement that men get from starting a task to seeing it completed.Men know what a shed means and they feel comfortable.”
Such has been the growth in its popularity that communal(共享的) sheds are being set up to enable men to share their love of pottering and DIY.The “Men's Sheds”initiative has its roots in Australia.But 20 communal sheds have already sprung up in the UK from the Lake District to Greenwich.Peter Baker，chief executive of the Men's Health Forum，a charity involved in the scheme，said,“They've caught men's imagination.Men like to potter.”
There are approximately 11.5 million domestic sheds in Britain—a higher concentration than anywhere else in the world—and 1.5 million are sold every year.Furthermore，Britons spend more than 60 million hours a week in them.
Originating from the AngloSaxon word“scead”，meaning shade，the peaceful retreat remains a place for the lawnmower and potting bench but has also been transformed into a games room and even a mini pub.
【语篇导读】 庭院储藏室在英国很受男性的欢迎，因为它们不仅对男性的身体健康有好处，而且还可以提升他们的自尊。
1．Communal sheds are popular because ______.
A．men can share their love of pottering and DIY there
B．men can keep away from other family members there
C．men can stay there for the good of their health
D．men can complete an important task there
解析 细节理解题。从文章第三段第一句可知，男人在庭院储藏室可以分享他们对闲逛的爱好以及自己动手做事情的乐趣。
答案 A
2．Which of the following is NOT TRUE about garden sheds?
A．Men will feel relaxed in them.
B．Men will feel lonely staying in them.
C．They only benefit men physically.
D．They can help raise men's confidence.
解析 细节理解题。综合文章第二段所给的信息，庭院储藏室不仅对男性身体有好处，而且能够提高他们的自尊，它们对男性的影响是积极的，而B项说明的是本文并未提及的庭院储藏室的负面作用，因此不对。
答案 B
3．What can we infer from the last paragraph?
A．Garden sheds are just a place for men to work.
B．Garden sheds are not used by men only.
C．Garden sheds are mainly used as a store room.
D．Garden sheds serve several purposes for men.
解析 推理判断题。文章最后一段说明，庭院储藏室不仅是存放割草机和盆栽长櫈的地方，而且还可作为游戏室和迷你pub，由此推断D项正确。
答案 D
4．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?
A．The popularity of garden sheds
B．The new use of garden sheds
C．How to build garden sheds
D．Garden sheds improve men's health
解析 主旨大意题。综合全文，特别是文章第一段可知，文章主要说明庭院储藏室对男性健康的好处。
答案 D
【长难句解读】
原文 Such has been the growth in its popularity that communal(共享的)sheds are being set up to enable men to share their love of pottering and DIY.
译文 庭院储藏室如此受欢迎，以至于人们搭建起公用的储藏室，让男人在里面分享他们对闲逛的爱好和自己动手的乐趣。
分析 本句是一个复合句，采用了倒装形式。such...that...句式，如果把such置于句首，就要用倒装语序。
Passage
6
体裁：记叙文 话题：公共服务 时间：7分钟
The world of taxi drivers is dominated by men.But there is one small taxi company in Delhi，where all the drivers and passengers are female.Women's safety is a hot topic in India at the moment，so it's proving a very popular service.
“When I'm on the road driving our taxi I feel very proud，because this is the first taxi service only for women，”says 31yearold Shanti Sharma，who is one of eight female drivers with a taxi service called Cabs for Women by Women.
The last couple of months，since the rape and murder in the city of a college student travelling on a bus，have been particularly busy for her and her colleagues.
“After this case，our workload has increased so much，” says Sharma.“Women who used other cab services are also turning to us now.”
Most women in Delhi say they routinely face harassment(骚扰)，and worse，especially on public transport.
Sharma，a single parent with three daughters，has been working as a taxi driver since 2011，when the service was first set up，and it has changed her life.This is the first time that she has earned enough—about
250 a month—to support her family.
Of course，she and the other female taxi drivers are completely outnumbered by male cabbies.“When I park somewhere there are always men there and inevitably five or six of them get together and hang out，” she says.“I'm usually the only woman in the parking lot，so I just stay inside the car.”
It's not much better when she is out on the road.Sharma says the male drivers give her a hard time.“As soon as they see a woman at the wheel they start honking(按喇叭) for no reason.They'll try to overtake you.I'm always worrying about how to avoid getting hit by someone.”
The company behind Cabs for Women by Women，Sakha Consulting Wings，had a number of goals when it set up the service.It wanted to give women from poor backgrounds an opportunity to earn money.By putting women in charge of technologies，it also wanted to change people's attitudes，and open up boundaries for women.
【语篇导读】 德里一家出租车公司专门推出了女性司机只为女性乘客提供服务的Cabs for Women by Women 出租车业务。生意异常火爆。
1．The taxi service Cabs for Women by Women ______.
A．is greatly needed at present in India
B．causes a hot debate in India
C．was set up in 2017
D．is free of charge for women
解析 细节理解题。根据第一段第三句中的“it's proving a very popular service”可知，这项女性出租车服务在现在有很大需求量。
答案 A
2．Why are women who used other cab services turning to Cabs for Women by Women?
A．Because it is cheap.
B．Because it is safe.
C．Because
it is famous.
D．Because it is convenient.
解析 推理判断题。根据第三、四段内容可推知，那些以前乘坐其他出租车的女性现在选择Cabs for Women by Women，是因为这种由妇女驾驶的出租车能为女性乘客提供安全保障。
答案 B
3．What do we know about Sharma?
A．She is the first female taxi driver in Delhi.
B．She lives in harmony with her husband.
C．She has regretted becoming a taxi driver.
D．She has a better salary after becoming a taxi driver.
解析 细节理解题。根据第六段可知，从2011年Sharma成为出租车司机后，她才赚了足够多的钱来养家糊口。
答案 D
4．What
is the main idea of the last paragraph?
A．The opportunities Cabs for Women by Women provides for women.
B．The main purposes of Cabs for Women by Women.
C．People's attitudes towards Cabs for Women by Women.
D．The background information of Cabs for Women by Women.
解析 段落大意题。根据本段的主题句“The company behind Cabs for Women by Women，Sakha Consulting Wings，had a number of goals when it set up the service.”可知，本段主要讲开展Cabs for Women by Women 出租车服务的目的。
答案 B
【长难句解读】
原文 Sharma，a single parent with three daughters，has been working as a taxi driver since 2011，when the service was first set up，and it has changed her life.
译文 Sharma是一个独自抚养三个女儿的单亲母亲，自从2011年首次开展这项服务以来，她一直是一名出租车司机。这改变了她的生活。
分析 and前后为两个并列分句。在第一个分句中，a single parent with three daughters 是Sharma的同位语。when引导一个定语从句，修饰2011。