南省楚雄市2017高考英语完形填空、阅读理解一轮基础训练（12）及答案
【考点剖析】[2017·安徽卷] 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。the very first thing to think about is why. Do you need it for a __36__ reason, such as your job or your studies? __37__ perhaps you're interested in the __38__，films or music of a different country and you know how much it will help to have a __39____40__， but traditional classes are an ideal(理想的)start for many people. They __41__ an environment where you can practice under the __42__ of someone who's good at the language. We all lead __43__ lives and learning a language takes __44__so try to develop a __45__. It doesn't matter if you haven't got long. Becoming fluent in a language will take years, but learning to get by takes __46__．
Many people start learning a language and soon give up. “I'm too __47__，” they say. Yes, children do learn languages more __48__ than adults, but research has shown that you can learn a language at any __49__. And learning is good for the health of your brain, too. I've also heard people __50__ about the mistakes they make when __51__. Well, relax and laugh about your mistakes __52__ you're much less likely to make them again.
Learning a new language is never __53__. But with some work and devotion, you'll make progress. And you'll be __54__ by the positive reaction of some people when you say just a few words in __55__ own language. Good luck!
36．A.technical
B．political
C．practical
D．physical
37．A.After
B．So
C．Though
D．Or
38．A.literature
B．transport
C．agriculture
D．medicine
39．A.view
B．knowledge
C．form
D．database
40．A.paintings
B．regulationsguidance
D．pressureA.theory
B．businessnervous
C．weak
D．tired
48．A.closely
B．quickly
C．privately
D．quietly
49．A.age
B．speed
C．distance
D．school
50．A.worry
B．hesitate
C．think
D．quarrel
51．A.singing
B．working
C．bargaining
D．learning
52．A.if
B．and
C．but
D．before
53．A.tiresome
B．hard
C．interesting
D．easy
54．A.blamed
B．amazed
C．interrupted
D．informed
55．A.their
B．his
C．our
D．your
【要点综述】 本文属于议论文，主要讲述了学习一门外语的意义，以知，后一分句说的是“任何年龄的人都能学好外语”，故选A。 考查上下文逻辑关系。由下文“放松心情，对所犯错误一笑而过”推断，前文说的是“许多人担 , 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。
(2017·江西，D)
One might expect that the evergrowing demands of the tourist trade would bring nothing but good for the countries that receive the holidaymakers. Indeed, a rosy picture is painted for the longterm future of the holiday industry. Every month sees the building of a new hotel somewhere. And every month another rockbound Pacific island is advertised as the ‘last paradise (天堂) on earth’.
However, the scale and speed of this growth seem set to destroy the very things tourists want to enjoy. In those countries where there was a rush to make quick money out of seaside holidays, overcrowded beaches and the concrete jungles of endless hotels have begun to lose their appeal.
Those countries with little experience of tourism can suffer most. In recent years, Nepal set out to attract foreign visitors to fund developments in health and education. Its forests, full of wildlife and rare flowers, were offered to tourists as one more untouched paradise. In fact, the nature all too soon felt the effects of thousands of holidaymakers traveling through the forest land. Ancient tracks became major routes for the walkers, with the consequent exploitation of
precious trees and plants.
Not only can the environment of a country suffer from the sudden growth of tourism. The people as well rapidly feel its effects. Farmland makes way for hotels, roads and airports; the old way of life goes. The onetime farmer is now the servant of some multinational organization; he is no longer his own master. Once it was his back that bore the pain; now it is his smile that is exploited. No doubt he wonders whether he wasn't happier in his village working his own land.
Thankfully, the tourist industry is waking up to the responsibilities it has towards those countries that receive its customers. The protection of wildlife and the creation of national parks go hand in hand with tourist development and in fact obtain financial support from tourist companies. At the same time, tourists are being encouraged to respect not only the countryside they visit but also its people.
The way tourism is handled in the next ten years will decide its fate and that of the countries we all want to visit. Their needs and problems are more important than those of the tourist companies. Increased understanding in planning worldwide tourism can preserve the market for these companies. If not, in a few years' time the very things that attract tourists now may well have been destroyed.
文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。客观地说明旅游业造成的问题及其旅游业的发展方向。
16．What does the author indicate in the last sentence of Paragraph 1?
A．The Pacific island is a paradise.
B．The Pacific island is worth visiting.
C．The advertisement is not convincing.
D．The advertisement is not impressive.
答案：C 推理判断题。第一段描述旅游公司对景点“天堂”美丽的广告宣传，但是后文However一词的转折意味标明作者对此广告的不信任，故选C。
17．The example of Nepal is used to suggest ________.
A．its natural resources are untouched
B．its forests are exploited for farmland
C．it develops well in health and education
D.it suffers from the heavy flow of tourists
答案：D 细节理解题。第三段首先点明旅游业经验少的国家遭受损失最大这一观点。然后以尼泊尔这个国家例证。考生容易误选B，而文中提到的是，为了给旅游行走者提供路线，一些宝贵的树木被砍伐。
18．What can we learn about the farmers from Paragraph 4?
A．They are happy to work their own lands.
B．They have to please the tourists for a living.
C．They have to struggle for their independence.
D．They are proud of working in multinational organizations.
答案：B 细节理解题。根据第四段和farmer做定位。The onetime farmer is... 之后有一句话Once it was his back that bore the pain; now it is his smile that is exploited.“曾经承受痛苦的是他的背脊，而现在是他被开发出来的微笑。”根据感情色彩首先排除A、D。文章只提及不再是主人，C选项追求独立是过分推断。因此选B。
19．Which of the following determines the future of tourism?
A．The number of tourists.
B．The improvement of services.
C．The promotion of new products.
D．The management of tourism.
答案：D 细节理解题。题中关键词为determines the future of tourism，是文中尾段首句decide its fate的同义改写。根据整句翻译，决定命运的是The way tourism is handled中的handled与选项中的management对应，因此选D。
20．The author's attitude towards the development of the tourist industry is ________.
A．optimistic B．doubtful
C．objective D．negative
答案：C 主旨大意题(作者态度)。通读全文可知，作者提出旅游业造成的问题，进而提到各旅游公司的觉醒，特别是尾段最后两句Increased understanding in planning worldwide... if not...作者既表明了对旅游业现状的信心，又表明了对其未来的担忧。所以作者以客观的态度说事，不能单方面地选择乐观、怀疑或消极。
阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A,B,C或D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
Medical drugs sometimes cause more damage than they cure. One solution to this problem is to put the drugs inside a capsule, protecting them from the body—and the body from them—until they can be released at just the right spot. There are lots of ways to trigger (引发) this release，including changing temperature, acidity, and so on. But triggers can come with their own risks—burns, for example. Now, researchers in California have designed what could be a harmless trigger to date: shining nearinfrared light (NIR, 近红外线) on the drug in the capsule.
The idea of using light to liberate the drug in the capsule isn't new. Researchers around the globe have developed polymers (聚合物) and other materials that begin to break down when they absorb either ultraviolet (UV, 紫外线) or visible light. But tissues also readily absorb UV and visible light, which means the drug release can be triggered only near the skin, where the light can reach the capsule. NIR light largely passes through tissues, so researchers have tried to use it as a trigger. But few compounds (化合物) absorb NIR well and go through chemical changes.
That changed last year when Adah Almutairi, a chemist at the University of California, San Diego, reported that she and her colleagues had designed a polymer that breaks down when it absorbs NIR light. Their polymer used a commercially available NIRabsorbing group called
onitrobenzyl (ONB). When they catch the light, ONB groups fall off the polymer, leading to its breakdown. But ONB is only a soso NIR absorber, and it could be poisonous to cells when it separates from the polymer.
So Almutairi and her colleagues reported creating a new material for capsules that's even better. This one consists of a long chain of compounds called cresol groups linked in a polymer. Cresol contains reactive (易反应的) components that make it highly unstable in its polymeric form, a feature Almutairi and her colleagues use to their advantage. After polymerizing the cresols, they cap each reactive component with a lightabsorbing compound called Bhc. When the Bhcs absorb NIR light, the reactive groups are exposed and break the long polymer into two short chains. Shining additional light continues this breakdown, potentially releasing any drugs in the capsule. What's more, Almutairi says, Bhc is 10 times better at absorbing NIR than is ONB and is not poisonous to cells.
1. According to the passage, which of the following could be the best trigger?
A. Temperature change.
B. NIR light.
C. Acidity change.
D. UV light.
2. Why is ONB unsatisfactory?
A. It breaks down when it absorbs NIR light.
B. It falls off the polymer and triggers drug release.
C. It has not come onto the market up till now.
D. It is not effective enough and could be poisonous.
3. Which word can be used to complete the following process of changes?
⇨⇨⇨
A. protected
B. formed
C. exposed
D. combined
【要点综述】这是一篇科技文。怎样使用胶囊？如何让吃药更加安全、疗效更好？文章对此做了介绍。
. B 信息理解题。根据第一段最后一句“Now, researchers in California have designed what could be a harmless trigger to date: shining nearinfrared light (NIR，近红外线) on the drug in the capsule.”可知答案。
. D 推理判断题。根据第三段最后两句“…ONB groups fall off the polymer, leading to its breakdown.”和“…and it could be poisonous to cells…”可知答案。
. C 信息理解题。根据最后一段第五句“When the Bhcs absorb NIR light, the reactive groups are exposed and break the long polymer into two short chains.”可知此处用exposed，即C项正确。