2017高考英语阅读理解一轮（暑假）训练（2）及答案
【2017高考复习】阅读理解 One of the most debated issues about alcohol consumption has been the consistent finding that those who don't drink tend to die sooner than those who do.The standard Alcoholics Anonymous explanation for this finding is this：many of those who give up alcohol are actually former hardcore drunks who had already brought health problems associated with drinking.
But a new paper suggests that abstaining(戒除)from alcohol does tend to increase one's risk of dying，even when you leave former problem drinkers out.The most shocking part—abstainers'(禁酒者)mortality rates(死亡率)are higher than those of heavy drinkers.
Moderate(适度的)drinking，which is defined as one to three drinks per day，is associated with the lowest mortality rates.Moderate alcohol use is thought to improve heart health，circulation and sociability，which can be important because people who are cut off don't have as many family members and friends who can notice and help treat health problems.
But why would abstaining from alcohol lead to a shorter life？It's true that those who abstain from alcohol tend to be from lower socioeconomic classes，since drinking can be expensive.And people of lower socioeconomic status have more life stressors(压力因素)．
Though heavy drinking is associated with higher risk for many diseases，heavy_drinkers_are_less_likely_to_die_than_don't_drink.One important reason is that alcohol strengthens social interactions，and social interactions are vital for maintaining mental and physical health.Nondrinkers show greater signs of depression.
The authors of the new paper are careful to note that even if drinking is associated with a longer life，it can be dangerous：it can affect your memory severely and it can lead to falls and other troubles that can affect your life.There's also the dependency issue：if you become addicted to alcohol，you may spend a long time trying to get off the bottle.
16．What can we know from the Alcoholics Anonymous explanation and the new paper?
A．The former finds that abstainers can live longer than heavy drinkers.
B．The former finds that nondrinkers can live longer than heavy drinkers.
C．The latter finds that healthy abstainers can live shorter than heavy drinkers.
D．The latter finds that nondrinkers can live shorter than heavy drinkers.
答案 C [细节推理题。由文章第二段的第一句话“即使不算那些之前喝酒后来戒酒的人，不喝酒也确实会导致死亡率升高”可知，C项正确。]
17．Which of the following is the benefit of moderate drinking?
A．It helps blood circulation.
B．It helps remove people's life stressors.
C．It reduces people's association with friends.
D．It can save a lot of money.
答案 A [细节理解题。根据文章第三段第二句中的“improve heart health，circulation and sociability”可知，A项正确。]
18．What does the underlined sentence (in Para.5)mean?
A．Heavy drinkers can live longer if they give up drinking.
B．Heavy drinkers can live longer even if they don't give up drinking.
C．The mortality rate of heavy drinkers is lower if they don't
give up drinking.
D．The mortality rate of heavy drinkers will be lower if they give up drinking.
答案 C [句意理解题。该句前面说“尽管重度酗酒者犯很多病的几率很大”，该句接下来的两句是对画线句子的解释，“最重要的原因是饮酒可以加强社交联系，这有助于人们的身心健康。因此不喝酒的人更易抑郁。”由此可推断本句的意思是“重度饮酒者不戒酒时死亡率低。”故选C。]
19．It can be learned from the last paragraph that ________.
A．the authors of the new paper support drinking
B．people should start drinking if wanting to live longer
C．many people doubt whether drinking is good for health or not
D．drinking can do harm to people's life
答案 D [推理判断题。文章最后一段提到尽管喝酒能够让人长寿，但是喝酒也会给人带来一些危害，“it can be dangerous”是中心词，因此D项正确。]
Passage three(Advertisers Perform a Useful Service to the Community) Advertisers tend to think big and perhaps this is why they’re always coming in for criticism. Their critics seem to resent them because they have a flair for self-promotion and because they have so much money to throw around. ‘It’s iniquitous,’ they say, ‘that this entirely unproductive industry (if we can call it that) should absorb millions of pounds each year. It only goes to show how much profit the big companies are making. Why don’t they stop advertising and reduce the price of their goods? After all, it’s the consumer who pays…’ The poor old consumer! He’d have to pay a great deal more if advertising didn’t create mass markets for products. It is precisely because of the heavy advertising that consumer goods are so cheap. But we get the wrong idea if we think the only purpose of advertising is to sell goods. Another equally important function is to inform. A great deal of the knowledge we have about household goods derives largely from the advertisements we read. Advertisements introduce us to new products or remind us of the existence of ones we already know about. Supposing you wanted to buy a washing machine, it is more than likely you would obtain details regarding performance, price, etc., from an advertisement. Lots of people pretend that they never read advertisements, but this claim may be seriously doubted. It is hardly possible not to read advertisements these days. And what fun they often are, too! Just think what a railway station or a newspaper would be like without advertisements. Would you enjoy gazing at a blank wall or reading railway byelaws while waiting for a train? Would you like to read only closely printed columns of news in your daily paper? A cheerful, witty advertisement makes such a difference to a drab wall or a newspaper full of the daily ration of calamities. We must not forget, either, that advertising makes a positive contribution to our pockets. Newspapers, commercial radio and television companies could not subsist without this source of revenue. The fact that we pay so little for our daily paper, or can enjoy so many broadcast programmes is due entirely to the money spent by advertisers. Just think what a newspaper would cost if we had to pay its full price! Another thing we mustn’t forget is the ‘small ads.’ which are in virtually every newspaper and magazine. What a tremendously useful service they perform for the community! Just about anything can be accomplished through these columns. For instance, you can find a job, buy or sell a house, announce a birth, marriage or death in what used to be called the ‘hatch, match and dispatch’ column but by far the most fascinating section is the personal or ‘agony’ column. No other item in a newspaper provides such entertaining reading or offers such a deep insight into human nature. It’s the best advertisement for advertising there is! 1.What is main idea of this passage? A. Advertisement. B. The benefits of advertisement. C. Advertisers perform a useful service to communities. D. The costs of advertisement. 2.The attitude of the author toward advertisers is A. appreciative. B. trustworthy. C. critical. D. dissatisfactory. 3.Why do the critics criticize advertisers? A. Because advertisers often brag. B. Because critics think advertisement is a “waste of money”. C. Because customers are encouraged to buy more than necessary. D. Because customers pay more. 4.Which of the following is Not True? A. Advertisement makes contribution to our pockets and we may know everything. B. We can buy what we want. C. Good quality products don’t need to be advertised. D. Advertisement makes our life colorful. 5.The passage is A. Narration. B. Description. C. Criticism. D. Argumentation. Vocabulary come in for ( sth. ) 是某事物的对象，吸引（某事物），获得 flair 天资，天分 iniquitous 极邪恶的，极不公正的 drab 单调的，乏味的 subsist 活下去，生存下去，维持下去 hatch 孵化（指生孩子） match 匹配，婚姻 dispatch 派遣，发送 agony 极大痛苦，煎熬 agony column （报刊中关于个人疑难问题征询意见的）读者来信专栏 难句译注 Advertisers tend to think big and perhaps this is why they’re always coming in for criticism. 【参考译文】广告商总是雄心勃勃（想得很大），也许这就是为什么他们老挨批评。 Their critics seem to resent them because they have a flair for self-promotion. 【参考译文】他们的批评者似乎对他们很气愤，因为他们在自我抬高/标榜上很有天分。 No other item in a newspaper provides such entertaining reading or offer such deep insight into human nature. 【参考译文】报纸任何其他栏目都难以提供如此有趣的文章，或提供对人性的内涵如此深刻的洞察。 It’s the best advertisement for advertising there is. 【参考译文】这是广告中最佳的广告。 写作方法与文章大意 文章以因果、对比的手法写出有没有广告的后果及广告的真正作用。文章首先指出广告商遭批评的原因：广告商夸大和人们认为广告浪费钱财、商品价格就搞；然后作者以有无广告的后果突出其功能，没有广告，商品价更高，生活单调、乏味。有了广告，商品价低，生活丰富多彩，人们获取各种信息。 答案详解 1.C. 广告对社会的服务很有用。作者从三方面来叙述广告作用：第二段点出如果广告不为产品开辟广大的市场，我们就得付出很多钱，正是因为大量的广告费用，消费者的商品才会那么便宜。广告除销售商品外，其重要的功能在通知/告诉信息，有关家用商品的许多只是来自广告，还有新产品的介绍。 第三段讲了美化环境功能。如果火车站的墙上和报上没有广告，那会怎么样。一幅悦人心目，机智的广告将改变一切。 第四段讲了它为我们省钱：别忘了广告对我们口袋作出积极的贡献。报纸、电台、电视台公司没有这笔收入很难生存。我们的报纸，我们付给很少，或者说，我们能享受那么多的节目完全是因为广告商花的钱。如果要我们付报纸的全价，那我们要花多少钱！ 最后一段讲了各种专栏的功能。人们可以在这些栏目找工作、买卖房子、宣布婚丧嫁娶信息。这些都围着一个中心：广告对社会服务的有用性。 2.A. 广告。太笼统。B. 广告之优点。文章不是讲优点，而是讲服务于社会的功能。D. 广告费用。 3.A. 欣赏/赞赏。从上述注释也可推知是A项。最重要的，作者提出种种功能，是为了反驳第一段内提到的论点：完全是非生产企业每年吸收几百万镑，这说明这些大公司利润有多高。最重要的是消费者付的广告费等。反驳更说明了A项对。 B. 值得信任。 C. 批评。 D. 不满意。 A. 因为广告商常常爱吹，。见难句译注1.。 B. 因为批评者认为广告浪费钱。 C. 因为广告促使消费者购买不必要的东西。 D. 因为消费者支付更多。 4.C. 优质产品不需要广告。一切产品都需要广告，新产品、老产品都需要。 A. 广告对我们的口袋作出贡献。 B. 我们可以买到我们所需的。 D. 广告使我们生活丰富多彩。这三条都提到也是真实的。 5.C. 文章一开始就提到对广告的批评，然后作者以对比的手法说明其功能。 A. 叙事。B. 描写。 D. 议论。
高考英语冲刺阅读理解专项Laura Edmonds has a look of horror on her face as she turns to look out the airplane window.
It’ s not the threat of terrorism that worries her，but rather the possibility of mechanical failure. She says she imagines the plane plunging to the ground because the engines may fall off. So every few minutes she glances out the window to make sure they' re still attached.
It is a fear that has gripped her for 18 years, since her wedding day. Since then she has tried drugs and cocktails to make it through flights. But, she says they’ ve been no help in easing her anxiety.
She has dragged her family on the train from Connecticut to Florida, insisted on long drives and tried to avoid flying at all costs. Even when friends fly, Edmonds says she worries, counting the hours till they arrive at their destination.
It’ s been three years since Edmonds has stepped on a plane.
Yet here she is now, 20,000 feet above the ground onboard a turbo-prop that's a route from New York, LaGuardia Airport to Baltimore-Washington International Airport in Maryland. She is hoping this is the flight that will overcome her fear.
“I feel the seat. I feel the seat against my arm. I feel my hands，” recites Edmonds, her eyes still closed.
She is attempting to change her mind, one of several so-called “ strengthening exercises" she recently learned from a video course designed to overcome fear of flying. The idea is to focus on the moment, rather than the abstract.
Former Pan Am and United pilot Tom Bunn is president of the company that produced the videos and that instructs passengers in the basic mechanics of flying and teaches them to control their thoughts.
Before boarding the U. S. Airways flight, Edmonds presents a letter from Bunn to the flight attendant asking to speak with the captain. The pilot gladly obliges, telling her he ’ s been flying for more than two decades and assuring her，You’ re going to be fine. We' re going to take good care of you.’
When the flight attendant offers drinks, Edmonds places her cup of water on the tray table and studies it, tangible evidence that the plane is barely shaking.
“ Ladies and gentlemen, we are approaching Baltimore，” announces the flight attendant.
Edmond is relying heavily on Bunn ’ s coping strategies during the 90-minute flight. But she' s coping.
As the wheels touch down, Edmonds’ face lights up.
1. Laura Edmonds has a fear of flying because______.
A. she once experienced a mechanical failure
B. a mechanical failure often appears in her mind
C. she is good at imagining a terrible situation
D. air crashes often happen in her hometown
答案解析：答案为B。本题为细节题。由第二段 “It’ s not the threat of terrorism that worries her，but rather the possibility of mechanical failure. She says she imagines the plane plunging to the ground because the engines may fall off.” 可知，Laura Edmonds害怕乘飞机是因为她总是担心机器出故障，故答案为B。
2. The underlined word "grip" in the third paragraph means______.
A. seized firmly
B. hurt seriously
C. cheated simply
D. treated carefully
答案解析：答案为A。本题为词义猜测题。由第三段 “It is a fear that has gripped her for 18 years, since her wedding day. Since then she has tried drugs and cocktails to make it through flights. But, she says they’ ve been no help in easing her anxiety.” 可知，自从她结婚后，坐飞机的时候就喝药和鸡尾酒grip”的意思是“seized firmly”意为“紧紧抓住”。故答案为A。
3. From this passage it can be inferred that______.
A. every seat in planes is equipped with video
B. passengers on board always feel nervous
C. nervous passengers can get comfort from airlines
D. travel by train is safer than travel by plane
答案解析：答案为C。本题为推理题。第八、九段写到美国飞行员Tom Bunn生产了帮助乘客克服飞行恐惧的光碟，教乘客如何控制恐惧思想，第十段中 “The pilot gladly obliges, telling her he ’ s been flying for more than two decades and assuring her，You’ re going to be fine. We' re going to take good care of you.’” 乘务员温馨的话语体现了他们对心理紧张的乘客的安慰，故C选项符合题意。
A、B选项未提。由第四段 “She has dragged her family on the train from Connecticut to Florida, insisted on long drives and tried to avoid flying at all costs.”可知，Laura Edmonds拽着家人乘坐火车，而不乘坐飞机是因为她内心害怕坐飞机， 无法推断出火车比飞机更安全的结论，故D选项错误。
4. Laurn' s overcoming the fear of flying is mostly owed to______.
A. airline' s comfort
B. her counting the hours on board
C. a letter from Bunn
D. her defeating herself
答案解析：答案为D。本题为推理题。由最后两段可知，Laurn在90分钟的飞行中依靠Tom Bunn生产的光碟，模仿光碟中教乘客克服恐惧的策略，文中用了 “But she' s coping.”，作者认为她只是在模仿，真正克服飞行恐惧的是她依靠自己的意志力打败了自己，故答案为D。