.重点单词识记
1．average /ævərIdʒ/ n．/adj.平均数；平均水平(的)
2．insist /InsIst/ vi.坚持；极力要求
3．advantage /ədvɑːntIdʒ/ n．利益；优势
4．particular /pətIkjʊlə/ adj.特定的；特指的
5．design /dIzaIn/ n．/vt.设计
6．management /mænIdʒmənt/ n．管理→manage vt.管理
7．passing /pɑːsIŋ/ adj.及格的；短暂的→pass vi./vt.及格；通过
8．strictly /strIktlI/ adv.严格地→strict adj.严格的
9．scholarship /skɒləʃIp/ n．奖学金→scholar n．学者；获奖学金的学生
10．educated /edjuːkeItId/ adj.受过教育的；有教养的→educate vt.教育；培养→education n．教育
.重点短语识记
1．consist_of...由……组成；由……构成
2．worry_about...为……烦恼；为……担心；为……发愁
3．leave_school离开学校(退学/毕业)
4．because_of...因为……；由于……
5．provide_sth.for_sb.为某人提供某物
6．have_a_chance_of_doing_sth.有做某事的机会
7．a_number_of...许多……；若干……
8．on_the_other_hand另一方面
.经典原句默写与背诵
1．To_make_the_school_management_easier，all the animals had to take all the subjects.
为了使学校的管理更容易，所有的小动物都必须学所有的学科。
2．She went on practising running until_her_webbed_feet_were_badly_worn.
她坚持练习跑步，直到一双蹼脚都磨烂了。
3．People who_agree_with_this_system say that it gives parents a larger choice of schools.
赞同这一制度的人说该制度在学校的选择上给家长们提供了更大的余地。
4．Colleges，on the other hand，usually teach skills which enable students to follow a career，such_as clothing design or business studies.
另一方面，高等专科学校通常教授有助于学生从事某项职业的技能，如服装设计或商务研究等等。
1．We need to get more women into top management.(manage)
2．My mother was brought up very strictly and correctly.(strict)
3．I particularly liked the wooden chests and chairs.(particular)
4．It’s a winwin situation for both development and management.(develop)
5．Only when people extremely lack for books can they read carefully and get benefit from the reading.(extreme)
6．It didn’t seem fair to leave out her father.(unfair)
1
manage to do sth.设法做某事manage with...用……对付过去manage it能做到Do you believe you can manage to finish the work in an hour?
你认为你能在一小时内完成这项工作吗？
词义辨析 manage，succeed，try
(1)manage意思是“设法成功地做了”，句型是manage to do。
(2)succeed意为“成功”，句型为 succeed in doing。
(3)try后接不定式，表示“设法去做、努力去做”，但是不定式的动作或状态未必一定能实现。try doing表示“尝试着做……”。
夯实基础
用manage，succeed，try的适当形式填空
(1)He sighed with relief after he managed_to pull himself up onto a wet，sloping bank.
(2)At last they succeeded in publishing the book both at home and abroad.
(3)He tried to come to our party，but he was too busy at that time.
2
average adj.平均的；普通的normal；典型的typical；n.平均数；平均水平；v.平均为be equal to...as an average
an average of...……的平均数up to the average接近一般水准above/below average高于/低于平均水平on the/an average平均地；通常；按平均值Take the average of those ratios and multiply by a hundred.
算出那些比率的平均值再乘以100。
American shares rose，on average，by 38%.
美国股票价格平均上涨了38%。
夯实基础
(1)On_(an)average(通常)we spend ￡300 per day.
(2)Teachers usually like students，whose school work is above_average (在平均水平以上)．
3
be strict with sb.对某人要求严格be strict in sth.对某事要求严格strictly speaking严格说来Dad’s very strict with us about table manners.
爸爸对我们的餐桌礼仪要求很严格。
Our teacher is always strict in his work.
我们的老师对工作总是严格要求。
夯实基础
(1)用适当的介词填空
The old worker is strict with his children and in his work.
(2) Tomatoes are not，strictly_speaking(严格说来)，vegetables.
4
insist作“坚持说；坚持认为”讲时，后面的宾语从句不用虚拟语气；作“坚决要求；坚决主张”讲时，其后的从句要用should do。insist on doing...坚持要求做……They insisted on their original view.
他们仍坚持原来的看法。
I insisted that you (should) go there on time.
我坚决要求你准时到达那里。
夯实基础
用所给动词的适当形式填空
(1)I insisted that I was_not(not，be) old and that I should_be_sent(send) there to work.
(2)The officer insisted that Michael did_not_follow(not，follow) the correct procedure in applying for a visa.
(3)Frank insisted that he was_not(not，be) asleep although I had great difficulty in waking him up.
5
have/gain/win an advantage over占/获得优势have the advantage of有……的优势take advantage of利用to one’s advantage对某人有利的是at an advantage处于有利地位These books have many advantages.
这些书有许多优点。(2017·辽宁·书面表达)
夯实基础
用适当的介词填空
(1)We gain an advantage over our opponent because of much more resources.
(2)They saw a new opportunity and took advantage of it.
(3)He knew it was to his advantage to raise the first objection.
(4)Handsome men are always at an advantage.
Ⅰ.单项填空
1．Your house is always so neat—how do you ________ it with three children?
A．manage
B．serve
C．adapt
D．construct
答案 A
解析 句意为：你家里总是那么整洁——家里有三个孩子，你是怎么设法做到的？表示“设法做成某事”用manage it。serve表示“为……服务，接待”；adapt表示“使适应，使适合”；construct表示“建造，构筑，构思”。
2．You might wonder how it ________ to live without eating for so many months.
A．keeps
B．succeeds
C．manages
D．tries
答案 C
解析 keep和succeed后不跟不定式；从句意可知，它指的是“成功地活下来”，故答案为C项。try to do指“设法做某事，但不一定成功”。
3．________，American firms remain the most productive in the world.
A．In average
B．With average
C．On average
D．By average
答案 C
解析 句意为：通常情况下，美国的工厂在世界上是最有生产力的。on average平均地通常。故选C项。
4．The board are discussing the possible________they can take of the present economic situation.
A．notice
B．advantage
C．use
D．best
答案B
解析 take advantage of 利用。advantage用作先行词，后面跟一个定语从句。
5．The doctor insisted she ________ in bed.But her smiling face suggested there ________ nothing serious.
A．stay；was
B．stayed；was
C．would stay；be
D．stay；be
答案 A
解析 insist作“坚持主张、要求”讲时，从句用虚拟语气，谓语动词用(should＋) do；suggest此处意为“暗示，表明”，从句用陈述语气。
.汉译英
1．2017年，他通过网上学习设法拿到了第四个学位。(manage)(2017·广东·基础写作)
In_2017，he_managed_to_get_his_fourth_degree_by_network_learning.
2．我比其他人占有语言上的优势。(advantage)(2010·天津·书面表达)
I_have_the_language_advantages_over_others.
1．The students also set_up debating teams.
2．Not everyone agrees_with this assessment，of course.
3．The hotel provides a shoecleaning service for guests.
4．They generally consist_of a hole in the ground with a footprint on either side.
5．You’ve really got no need to worry_about your weight.
due to由于作表语或状语owing to由于 作表语或状语as a result of因为；由于作状语thanks to 多亏；由于作状语on account of因为作状语
Because of the human beings’ destructive influence，the number of this precious species has promptly dropped to less than 1,000.
由于人类破坏性的影响，这个珍稀物种的数量已经迅速地下降到不足1 000只。(2017·重庆·写作二)
特别提醒
due to一般不放在句首，如果放在句首，要用because of或owing to代替。
夯实基础
用because，because of 填空
(1)Our flight was delayed because the weather was bad.
(2)He was angry because_of what she said.
Ⅰ.单项填空
1．—When did you last hear ________ Jay?
—He phoned me this morning，and we agreed ________ a time and a place to meet.
A．of；to
B．about；with
C．from；with
D．from；on
答案 D
解析 句意为：——你最后一次得到Jay的消息是在什么时候？——他今天上午给我打电话，我们商量好了见面的时间和地点。hear from收到某人的来信，得到某人的消息；agree on就某个问题达成一致意见。
2．On the one hand，of course，cars are very useful.But ________，they cause air pollution.
A．in the other hand
B．in other hand
C．on other hand
D．on the other hand
答案 D
解析 句意为：一方面，汽车当然有用，但是另一方面，汽车也导致了空气污染。on the one hand...，on the other hand...一方面……另一方面……。
3．—What happened to the company?
—The bad news about it ________ a wave of selling its shares.
A．sent off
B．set off
C．brought on
D．set up
答案 B
解析 答语句意为：有关这家公司的坏消息引起了一股抛售它的股票的浪潮。此句要用set off表示“引发，引起”。
4．The openair celebration has been put off ______ the bad weather.
A．in case of
B．in spite of
C．instead of
D．because of
答案 D
解析 句意为：因为坏天气，户外庆祝活动被推迟了。in case of以防万一；in spite of尽管；instead of相反；because of因为。
.汉译英
多亏了老师的鼓励，我们才能在生活中不断进步。(thanks to)(2017·广东·读写任务)
Thanks_to_our_teachers’_encouragement，we_can_make_continuous_progress_in_life.
Children remain at their secondary school until they are between 16 and 18.孩子们在中学学习到16至18岁。
until的用法：1引导时间状语从句，如果主句的谓语动词是延续性的，那么这个主句需用肯定式。若主句的谓语动词是非延续性的，则主句常用否定式，构成not...until...结构；2在not...until...句型结构中，可以把not until提到句首，句子用倒装语序；3 not...until...句型的强调句式为：It is/was not until...that...。In fact，I didn’t realize its importance until I was chosen monitor of my class in my senior middle school.
事实上，直到我上高中被选为班长时我才意识到它的重要性。(2011·湖北·短文写作)
夯实基础
同义句改写
(1)I didn’t leave until he came.(改成倒装句)
Not_until_he_came_did_I_leave.
(2)I didn’t leave until he came.(用强调句型强调until部分)
It_was_not_until_he_came_that_I_left.
Ⅰ.单项填空
1．________ this cake，you’ll need 2 eggs,175g sugar and 175g flour.
A．Having made
B．Make
C．To make
D．Making
答案 C
解析 本题主句表示将来发生，因此状语须用动词不定式表示目的。
2．Don’t ask me to explain________ you really don’t understand.
A．unless
B．until
C．if
D．when
答案 A
解析 句意为：不要让我解释，除非你真的不明白。unless连词，意为“除非”。
.汉译英
如果我骑自行车，我总是靠右走，直到交通灯变绿才过马路。(...until...)(2017·安徽·书面表达)
If_I_ride_a_bike，I’llalways_keep_to_the_right_and_never_cross_a_road_until_the_traffic_light_turns_green.
1．It was not until near the end of the letter________she mentioned her own plan.(2017·天津，11)
A．that
B．where
C．why
D．when
答案 A
解析 考查强调句型。结构为It is/was＋被强调部分＋that＋其他部分，此处是not until的强调句型。
2．Not until he retired from teaching three years ago ________having a holiday abroad.(2017·辽宁，32)
A．he had considered
B．had he considered
C．he considered
D．did he consider
答案 D
解析 句首是“Not until”，表达否定意义的连词短语位于句首时要用部分倒装，因此可以排除A、C两项。再分析句子结构可知，本空所在是主句部分，结合从句时态可知主句用一般过去时态。句意为：直到在三年前从教学上退休后他才考虑到国外度假。
3．He was a good student and scored ________ average in most subjects.(2011·天津，11)
A．below
B．of
C．on
D．above
答案 D
解析 句意为：他是个好学生，大多数科目都在平均
分以上。below average低于平均水平；of不与average搭配；on average平均；above average高于平均水平。根据句意可知应选D项。
4．Last year the number of students who graduated with a driving licence reached 200,000，a(n)________of 40,000 per year.
(2010·江西，35)
A．average
B．number
C．amount
D．quantity
答案 A
解析 句意为：去年已拿到驾照的学员数量达到了20万，平均每年4万。an average of...……的平均数；a number of许多，大量；an amount of许多，大量；a quantity of许多，大量。
5．You look well.The air and the sea foods in Sanya must________you，I suppose.(2010·陕西，14)
A．agree with
B．agree to
C．agree on
D．agree about
答案 A
解析 句意为：你看起来气色很好。我想三亚的空气和海鲜一定适合你。agree with同意，适合；agree to同意(计划、建议、安排等)；agree on就……达成协议，就……取得一致意见；agree about不是固定搭配。根据语境，这里表示“适合”，故选A项。