2017届高考英语一轮复习基础巩固学案：Challenging Yourself Ⅰ《Talking About Schools》（重大版必修1）

　　Ⅰ.重点单词识记

　　1．remove /rImuːv/ vt.拿走；取走；消除

　　2．quit /kwIt/ vi.离开；停止

　　3．struggle /strʌɡl/ n．/vi.奋斗

　　4．bend /bend/ vt.使低垂

　　5．burden /bɜːdn/ vt.装载；使负担

　　6．avoid /əvɔId/ vt.避免；逃避

　　7．present /prIzent/ vt.给；赠；提出

　　8．deadly /dedlI/ adj.(可能)致死的；致命的→dead adj.死的；去世的→death n．死亡

　　9．ashamed /əeImd/ adj.感到羞耻的；惭愧的→shame n．羞耻；vt.使感到羞耻→shamed 感到羞耻的→shameful adj.羞耻的

　　10．absolutely /æbsəluːtlI/ adv.完全地→absolute adj.完全的；绝对的

　　11．deserted /dIzɜːtId/ adj.抛弃的；放弃的→desert vt.抛弃；遗弃

　　12．performance /pəfɔːməns/ n．表演→perform vi./vt.演出；表演→performer n．表演者

　　13．failure /feIljə/ n．失败；不成功→fail vi.失败

　　.重点短语识记

　　1．take_off起跳(跑)；(飞机)起飞；除去；脱掉

　　2．in_return作为回报

　　3．all_of_a_sudden突然

　　4．belong_to...属于……

　　5．turn_into...变成……

　　.经典原句默写与背诵

　　1．Then she got the notion，the incredible notion，that_she_would_like_to_be the world’s greatest woman runner.

　　然后她有了一个念头，一个令人难以置信的念头，那就是她想成为世界上最棒的女子径赛运动员。

　　2．And then there_came_a_day_when she won a race.

　　终于有一天她赢得了比赛。

　　3．Each_time_she_went_abroad from the airport，this stewardess would rush up to help her with her luggage.

　　每次她在这里乘飞机出国，这位女服务员都会跑来帮她提行李。

　　4．The_more she won，the_more obsessed she was with the fear of losing.

　　她越赢就越怕输。

　　5．Before_her_stood_the_stewardess with her hands behind her back，speaking with a smile...

　　站在她面前的原来是那位女服务员，她正背着双手含笑对她说…

　　1．He was burdened with a large bundle of magazines.(burden)

　　2．He is said to have already been removed from office.(remove)

　　3．She had been faithful to her promise to guard this secret.(faith)

　　4．All those who knew him will admire him for his work.(admirer)

　　5．No country has absolute freedom of expression.(absolutely)

　　6．Qing Ming is an annual festival when Chinese honour the dead.(deadly)

　　7．I quitted the job because I didn’t think that position suited me.(quit)

　　8．The front door is locked and all the windows are firmly shut.(firm)

　　1

　　remove fears from one’s mind消除某人心中的恐惧

　　remove from sp. to...从某地搬迁到……

　　She removed my name from the name list.

　　她从名单上把我的名字除去了。

　　夯实基础

　　用适当的介词填空

　　(1)We are removing from London to the country.

　　(2)Three children were removed from school.

　　(3)Students removed several desks to another classroom.

　　2

　　quit doing...停止做……

　　quit office/one’s job离职

　　I wish you would all quit complaining.

　　我希望你们都别抱怨了。

　　He has decided to quit as manager of the team.

　　他已决定辞掉球队经理的职务。

　　夯实基础

　　Doctors are doing research to find out what happens physically when_people_quit_smoking

　　(当人们戒烟时)．

　　3

　　struggle against/with同……作斗争；与……抗争

　　struggle with...for...为争取……而与……作斗争

　　struggle to one’s feet挣扎着站起来

　　struggle for...为……而斗争

　　The boy couldn’t swim and struggled in the water.

　　这个男孩不会游泳在河里挣扎。

　　There were no signs of a struggle at the murder scene.

　　在凶杀现场没有搏斗的痕迹。

　　夯实基础

　　用适当的介词填空

　　(1)We have to struggle with/against all kinds of difficulties.

　　(2)What ideals will you fight and struggle for?

　　(3)She struggled to her feet and continued walking.

　　4

　　at present＝at the present time 现在；目前

　　be present at 出席……

　　in the presence of sb.＝in one’s presence当着……的面，在……面前

　　present sth.to sb.＝present sb.with sth.向某人赠送某物

　　make a present of sth.to sb.＝make sb.a present of sth.把某物赠送给某人

　　for the present＝for the time being目前；暂时

　　Besides，there are some presents I bought for my family members and friends，it will be a great disappointment to me if I can’t find the suitcase.

　　而且，箱子里面有我为家人和朋友买的礼物，如果找不到它，我会很失望。(2010·重庆·书面表达)

　　图解助记

　　特别提醒

　　present作前置定语时意为“目前的”；作后置定语时，意为“出席的，在场的”。

　　夯实基础

　　用适当的介词填空

　　(1)The boy was punished in the presence of all his classmates.

　　(2)Who will be present at the concert?

　　(3)The mayor presented him with a gold medal at an official city reception.

　　5

　　be ashamed for sb.某人羞愧

　　be ashamed of...对……感到羞愧

　　be ashamed to do...耻于做……；因做……而羞愧

　　shame n．羞耻；遗憾的事

　　It’s a shame that...……是令人遗憾的事。

　　It’s a shame that she isn’t here to see it.

　　真可惜她不能在这儿亲自看看。

　　词义辨析　shameful，ashamed

　　(1)shameful表示事物本身的客观性质是“可耻的”，可作表语或定语。

　　(2)ashamed是“感到羞耻的”、“觉得惭愧的”意思，表示主语主观认为可耻的，只能作表语。

　　夯实基础

　　用shameful，ashamed填空

　　(1)We thought his behavior was shameful.

　　(2)I’m ashamed to leave you this way.

　　6burden n.义务、责任等的重担，负担duty；responsibility；v.使担负沉重或艰难的任务、职责等give sb.a duty，responsibility，etc.bear/carry/ease/reduce/share a burden承受/担负/减轻/减少/分担重担

　　burden sb./oneself with sth.加负担于某人或自己

　　be burdened with sth.负重

　　His invalid father is becoming a burden to him.

　　他父亲体弱多病，对他来说渐渐成了累赘。

　　I don’t want to burden you with my problems.

　　我不想让我的问题给你增加负担。

　　夯实基础

　　When an elderly relative falls ill，you should not have to shoulder_the_burden_alone.

　　当年长的亲戚病倒时，你不必独自挑起担子。

　　7

　　perform the role of扮演……角色

　　perform an operation/an experiment进行手术/做实验

　　performance n．表演；演奏；表现

　　put on/give a performance表演

　　The surgeon was performing a dangerous operation.

　　这位外科医生正在做一个危险的手术。

　　图解助记

　　夯实基础

　　写出下列句子中perform的汉语意思

　　(1)We’re looking for people of all ages who have performed outstanding acts of bravery，kindness，or courage.做；执行

　　(2)An engine has many parts，each performing a different function.行使

　　(3)This play was first performed in 411 BC.演出

　　(4)He had not performed well in his exams.表现

　　Ⅰ.单项填空

　　1．He ________ his view at the conference.

　　A．presented

　　B．sent

　　C．recognized

　　D．requested

　　答案　A

　　解析　句意为：在会上他提出了他的观点。present提出，符合句意。

　　2．What do you advise for ________ ink from my clothes?

　　A．removing

　　B．moving

　　C．getting

　　D．bringing

　　答案　A

　　解析　句意为：你建议采用何种方法除去衣服上的墨迹？remove sth.from sp.意为“从某地清除某物”。

　　3．The children talked so loudly at dinner table that I had to struggle ________.

　　A．to be heard

　　B．to have heard

　　C．hearing

　　D．being heard

　　答案　A

　　解析　struggle to do sth.“努力做某事”，又I与hear之间存在被动关系，故应用不定式的被动式。

　　4．There is nothing to ________.

　　A．be ashamed

　　B．being ashamed of

　　C．be ashamed of

　　D．being ashamed

　　答案　C

　　解析　句意为：没有什么可惭愧的。be ashamed of对……感到羞愧，固定短语，句中的to为不定式符号。

　　5．I don’t want to become a burden ________ my children when I’m old.

　　A．for

　　B．to

　　C．at

　　D．on

　　答案　B

　　解析　become a burden to sb.成为某人的负担。

　　.汉译英

　　1．班长王华向她献上了准备好的鲜花。(present)(2017·陕西·书面表达)

　　Wang_Hua，our_monitor，presented_her_with_the_prepared_flowers.

　　2．意识到妈妈工作一天后肯定累了，小女孩帮助妈妈把包从肩上拿下来。(remove)(2011·江苏·书面表达)

　　Realizing_her_mom_must_be_very_tired_after_a_day’s_work，the_girl_helps_to_remove_the_bag_from_her_shoulder.

　　3．每次看到它我都感到羞愧。(ashamed)(2011·浙江·书面表达)

　　I_always_feel_ashamed_whenever_I_see_this.

　　4．我认为这次机会很重要，最近我一直在准备着，希望我能表现优秀。(perform)(2011·山东·写作)

　　I_consider_the_opportunity_is_of_great_importance_and_I_have_been_preparing_it_recently_with_the_hope_that_I_can_perform_it_well.

　　1．I am_fortunate_in having a compass with me in such a foggy weather.

　　2．We were driving along，all_of_a_sudden a car pulled straight out in front of us.

　　3．Luckily，the planes were stopped before they took_off.

　　4．The trip turned_into a nightmare when they both got sick.

　　5．I bought him a drink in_return for his help

　　1

　　take for当作；误当作

　　take in吸收；欺骗；包括在内；收留；领会，理解；观看

　　take to喜欢；亲近；适应

　　take...for granted认为……理所当然

　　take over接管；继承；支配

　　take apart拆开，拆

　　take on呈现；雇佣

　　take out拿出，取出；除去

　　It was at this point that her acting career really took off.正是在这时，她的演艺事业开始腾飞。

　　Lesley explains possible treatments but you can tell she’s not taking it in.

　　莱斯利解释了各种可行的疗法，不过，你可以看出来，她并没有领会。

　　夯实基础

　　用含有take的短语填空

　　(1)I hear the business is really taking_off.

　　(2)The manager will take_on a new secretary.

　　(3)I was wondering if you might want to take_in a movie with me this evening.

　　2

　　in return for作为对……的交换(回报)

　　return sth.to sb.＝return sb.sth.归还某人某物

　　on one’s return某人一回来

　　What can we do in return for all the help they have given us?

　　我们能做些什么来报答他们给予我们的种种帮助呢？

　　特别提醒

　　return的意思是come/go/be back，所以不能再和back连用。

　　夯实基础

　　同义句改写

　　On her return to England，she published an account of her travels.(用on＋doing改写句子)

　　On_returning_to_England，she_published_an_account_of_her_travels.

　　3

　　belongings n．所有物；财产

　　Put it back where it belongs.把它放回应放的地方。

　　All the workers belonging to the factory must obey the rule.这个工厂的所有工人必须遵守这个规定。

　　特别提醒

　　belong to无被动语态，无进行时，后接名词的普通格或代词宾格。

　　夯实基础

　　用belong的适当形式填空

　　(1)The book belonging to him is on the desk.

　　(2)Poetry written from the perspective of the urban youth tends to reveal their anxiety over a lack of sense of belonging.

　　(3)He was identified only by his uniform and personal belongings.

　　Ⅰ.单项填空

　　1．—Are you free after school?

　　—Sorry.I’ve planned to treat a friend of mine to dinner ________ for his help.

　　A．in addition

　　B．in turn

　　C．in return

　　D．in total

　　答案　C

　　解析　考查短语辨析。in return作为回报，符合句意。

　　2．These teenagers don’t know much of the world yet；that’s why they were so easily ________.

　　A．taken in

　　B．taken up

　　C．taken on

　　D．taken off

　　答案　A

　　解析　该句中take in意为“欺骗”。

　　3．Professor Williams keeps telling his students that the future ________ to the well­educated.

　　A．belongs

　　B．is belonged

　　C．is belonging

　　D．will be belonged

　　答案　A

　　解析　belong to表示“属于”，不能用于被动语态，而且也没有进行时形式，因此只有A项正确。

　　4．Don’t lose ________ courage.I believe you will make ________ history.

　　A．a；/

　　B．the；a

　　C．a；an

　　D．/；/

　　答案　D

　　解析　lose courage失去勇气；make history创造历史，都是固定短语，中间不加冠词。

　　.汉译英

　　但是，由于完全投入到学习中，我很少关注母亲的需要和感受，总认为学习好就是我能做的对母亲的最好的回报。(in return)(2011·江苏·书面表达)

　　But，totally_engaged_in_my_own_study，I_seldom_pay_attention_to_what_mother_needs_and_feels，and_always_think_studying_well_is_the_only_thing_I_could_do_in_return.

　　1

　　Her doctors told her she would never walk like a normal person without the brace.她的医生告诉她如果没有铁支架她永远不可能像正常人一样走路。

　　介词短语without the brace代替虚拟条件句，用来表达虚拟的事实。有时表假设的情况隐含在一个由介词或介词短语引起的短语中(如without，but for，otherwise等)。

　　Without the air to hold some of the sun’s heat，the earth at night would be freezing cold，too cold for us to live.

　　如果没有大气保存太阳的热量，夜晚的地球将会非常寒冷，冷得让我们无法生存。

　　夯实基础

　　同义句改写

　　I couldn’t have finished the work so soon without your help.

　　(1) I couldn’t have finished the work so soon if_you_hadn’t_helped me/if it hadn’t been for your help.(用if条件句改写句子)

　　(2)I couldn’t have finished the work so soon but_for_your_help.(用but for改写句子)

　　2The more she won，the more obsessed she was with the fear of losing.她越赢就越怕输。

　　“the＋比较级．..，the＋比较级．..”句型：

　　(1)意为“越……就越……”，表示主、从句的两个谓语是同时进行的，一方随另一方程度的变化而变化。

　　(2)从结构上看，第一个“the＋比较级”是表示条件的状语从句；在表示将来意义的情况时，从句用一般现在时表示将来。第二个“the＋比较级”是主句，用一般将来时。

　　(3)本结构中常用省略结构。

　　The more you eat，the fatter you will be.

　　你吃得越多，就会越胖。

　　The sooner (you do it)，the better (it will be)．

　　越快越好。

　　夯实基础

　　(1)The_more(越多) you talked，the_less (越少)attention he paid to you.

　　(2)The_longer (越长)stay, the_better (越好)(it will be)．

　　Ⅰ.单项填空

　　1．As far as I’m concerned，education is about learning and the more you learn，________.

　　A．the more for life are you equipped

　　B．the more equipped for life you are

　　C．the more life you are equipped for

　　D．you are equipped the more for life

　　答案　B

　　解析　该句属于“the more...，the more...”句型。

　　2．In the dark forests ________，some large enough to hold several English towns.

　　A．stand many lakes

　　B．lie many lakes

　　C．many lakes lie

　　D．many lakes stand

　　答案　B

　　解析　in the dark forests是一个表示方位的介词短语，置于句首时整个句子要用全部倒装。我们可首先排除C和D项；A项中的stand意为“站立着，矗立着”，不能正确地描述湖泊的状态。

　　.汉译英

　　他越是这样想，就越是不开心。(the more...the more...)

　　The_more_he_thought_like_this，the_more_unhappy_he_became.

　　1．Your________as a student will be excellent if you develop a habit of reflecting on how you learn.(2017·浙江，7)

　　A．operation

　　B．growth

　　C．performance

　　D．character

　　答案　C

　　解析　句意为：作为一名学生，如果你能够养成对所学的东西进行思考的话，你的成绩会很棒的。performance成绩，表现，符合句意。operation操作，手术；growth增长；character人物，角色。

　　2．Rod loves ________ clocks. However, he never manages to put them together again. (2017·辽宁，26)

　　A．taking apart

　　B．giving away

　　C．making up

　　D．turning off

　　答案　A

　　解析　take apart拆开。句意为：Rod喜欢拆钟表，然而他无法把钟表再安装起来。give away分发，捐赠，泄露；make up弥补，占据；turn off关闭。

　　3．We lost our way in that small village，otherwise we ________ more places of interest yesterday.(2017·福建，31)

　　A．visited

　　B．had visited

　　C．would visit

　　D．would have visited

　　答案　D

　　解析　句意为：我们在那个小村庄迷了路，否则我们昨天就能游览更多的名胜了。句中的otherwise“否则，要不然”引导的虚拟语气属于含蓄型，由句中的时间状语yesterday可知是与过去的事实相反，此时主句谓语用would/could/should/might＋have done形式。

　　4．We ________ John’s name on the race list yesterday but for his recent injury.(2011·江西，28)

　　A．will put

　　B．will have put

　　C．would put

　　D．would have put

　　答案　D

　　解析　句意为：要不是约翰最近受伤了，我们昨天就把他的名字填在比赛名单里了。句中but for意为“要不是”，表示与过去事实相反的假设，故只能用would have done结构。

　　5．Some insects ________ the colour of their surroundings to protect themselves.(2011·陕西，25)

　　A．take in

　　B．take off

　　C．take on

　　D．take out

　　答案　C

　　解析　句意为：有些昆虫可以变成它们周围环境的颜色来保护自己。take on呈现(某种性质、样子等)，符合句意。take in 收留(某人)，欺骗，吸收，包括，理解；take off(飞机等)起飞，脱掉(衣服等)中，(观念、产品等)突然大受欢迎；take out取出，均不合句意。

　　6．I ________ through that bitter period without your generous help.(2011·陕西，22)

　　A．couldn’t have gone

　　B．didn’t go

　　C．wouldn’t go

　　D．hadn’t gone

　　答案　A

　　解析　句意为：没有你的慷慨帮忙，我不可能熬过那段痛苦的日子。从“without your generous help”可知，此处考查的是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气。故选A项。

　　7．Dina，________for months to find a job as a waitress，finally took a position at a local advertising agency.(2010·湖南，26)

　　A．struggling

　　B．struggled

　　C．having struggled

　　D．to struggle

　　答案　C

　　解析　句意为：Dina，奋斗了几个月，想找个做女服务员的工作，最后在当地一家广告社谋到了一个职位。此题考查非谓语动词作定语，因Dina与struggle之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，且struggle发生在took之前，故用现在分词的完成形式作定语。

　　8．We give dogs time，space and love we can spare，and________，dogs give us their all.(2010·江西，29)

　　A．in all

　　B．in fact

　　C．in short

　　D．in return

　　答案　D

　　解析　句意为：我们把可以抽出来的时间、腾出的空间和留出的爱都给了狗。作为回报，狗也向我们奉献出它们的一切。in all总共；in fact事实上；in short简言之；in return作为回报。