Ⅰ.重点单词识记
1．scan /skæn/ vt.细看，审视
2．polish /pɒlIʃ/ vt.修改；润色
3．feature /fiːtʃə/ vt.以……为特色
4．cunning /kʌnIŋ/ n．狡猾，诡诈
5．loyalty /lɔIəltI/ n．忠诚，忠心
6．stubborn /stʌbən/ adj.顽固的，固执的
7．costume /kɒstjuːm/ n．装束，服装
8．convey /kənveI/ vt.传达
9．demonstrate /demənstreIt/ vt.表示；示范；证明
10．gesture /dʒestʃə/ n．手势；姿势
11．function /fʌŋkʃn/ vi.运行，起作用
12．caution /kɔːʃn/ n．谨慎，小心
13．maintain /menteIn/ vt.保持，继续
14．assume /əsjuːm/ vt.(想当然的)认为；假定，设想→assumption n．假定，设想
15．exclude /Ikskluːd/ vt.拒绝接纳；把……排除在外；不包括→include vt.包括，包含→including prep.包括……
16．exaggerate /IzædʒəreIt/ vi./vt.夸大，夸张→exaggeration n．夸张
17．enterprising /entəpraIzIŋ/ adj.有事业心的，有进取心的；有魄力的→enterprise n．企业，事业；进取心
18．represent /ˌreprIzent/ vt.表现；象征→representative n．代表；adj.典型的；有代表性的
19．rediscover /ˌriːdIskʌvə/ vt.重新发现→discover vt.发现，找到，发觉
.重点短语识记
1．by name 凭名字；用……的名字
2．be characterized by……的特点在于，……的特点是
3．turn...away回绝，把……打发走
4．pick up获得
5．in contrast相反
6．keep records作记录
7．open up打开；开业；生产
8．cut out割掉；切掉；使某物成某种形状
.经典原句默写与背诵
1．One of the most common names in the English language is Smith，which is short for blacksmith.
英语中最常见的姓是史密斯。史密斯是“铁匠”的简略形式。
2．What if he had big feet?
如果他的脚很大(他又该叫什么)呢？
3．Considering the influence of nonverbal communication，we never really stop communicating.
就非言语交际的影响而言，我们从没有真正地停止过交流。
4．That’s why it’s possible，as the saying goes，to “read someone like a book”．
那就是为什么如谚语所说，我们能“像读书一样阅读其人”。
5．They also invented a kind of paper，which was easier to write on and much lighter to carry.
他们还发明了一种更容易书写，又方便携带的纸张。
6．It was not until many centuries later that their meanings were rediscovered.
直到多个世纪以后它们(旧的象形文字)的意义才被重新发现。
1．This picture will convey to you some idea of the beauty of the scenery.(convey)
2．I was embarrassed by his unexpected question.(embarrass)
3．Frankly，it’s a lot more fun that way.(frank)
4．It would be an exaggeration to call the danger urgent.(exaggerate)
5．We need to challenge some of the basic assumptions of Western philosophy.(assume)
6．When the camera is functioning properly，the green light comes on.(function)
7．It is important for us to meet personally although we have been in touch in various ways.(personal)
8．Yet good behaviour is usually good business.(behave)
9．The original Olympic Games were religious ceremonies.(originally)
10．If you threaten me or use any force，I shall inform the police.(threatening)
1
adapt(...) to (使……)适应于……
adapt oneself to使自己适应……
adapt...for...为……改编(写)；改造……以供……之用
adapt from根据……改编(写)
adaptable adj.有适应能力的；能适应的
adaptation n．改编本；适应
During the onemonth stay，I had to adapt myself to their American lifestyle and help them understand the best part of Chinese culture.
一个月的生活中，我要适应美国的生活方式并帮助他们理解中国文化的精髓。
夯实基础
用适当的介词填空
(1)The play is adapted from a novel.
(2)These materials can be adapted for use with older children.
(3)When you go to a new country，you must adapt to new manners and customs.
2
convey sth.to sp.运送某物到某处
convey sth.to sb.向某人表达/传递……
convey one’s feelings/meanings表达某人的感情/意思
When I returned home，I tried to convey the wonder of this machine to my husband.
回到家后，我竭力地想把这台机器的精妙之处描述给我丈夫听。
特别提醒
convey后一般不能接副词back，该词多用来指传递思想、感情、信息、观点、印象等。
夯实基础
用适当的介词填空
(1)Please convey my best wishes to her.
(2)I find it hard to convey my feelings in words.
3
assume sb./sth.to be...认为某人/某事……
assuming (that)．..假设……(引导条件状语从句)
It is assumed that...人们认为……
assumption n．假定；设想；承担；掌握
on the assumption that...假定……
Let us assume it to be true.
让我们假定这是真实的。
It is generally assumed that stress is caused by too much work.
普遍认为，压力系工作过重所致。
夯实基础
同义句改写
(1)If there wasn’t the hard work of the dustbin，can you imagine what our environment will be like？(用assuming以及can you imagine作插入语改写句子)
Assuming (that) there wasn’t the hard work of the dustbin，what can you imagine our environment will be like?
(2)People assume that what they do has little effect on the environment.(用it作形式主语改写句子)
It is assumed that what they do has little effect on the environment.
4
include doing sth.包括做某事
including prep.包括……在内
including sb./sth.包括某人/某事在内
sb./sth.included某人/某事被包括在内
inclusion n．(被)包括；包含；被包括的人(或事物)
Your duty will include cleaning the house.
你的职责包括打扫房舍。
I hope I can contain education in amusement.
我希望能寓教于乐。(2010·天津·书面表达)
特别提醒
including常位于名词(短语)之前，而included常位于名词(短语)之后，与名词(短语)构成被动关系。
图解助记
词义辨析 include，contain
(1)include“包括”，侧重被包含者只是整体中的一部分。
(2)contain“包括”，侧重“整体内有”，指在某一范围或容器内能容纳某物，不用于进行时。
夯实基础
用include，contain的适当形式填空
(1)This book contains all the information you need.
(2)Our sixcity tour includes a visit to London.
(3)Vegetables contain many kinds of vitamins and many other useful materials.So we must eat them every day.
5
represent sb./sth.as/to be...宣称某人为……；把某事叙述为……
represent sth.to sb.向某人说明(传达)某事
be representative of是……的代表，是……中典型的
stand for代表；象征
on behalf of sb.＝on one’s behalf为了某人；代替某人
We divided ourselves into different groups which represented different countries，such as China，Japan，America，the UK.
我们分成了几个不同的小组，分别代表不同的国家，例如中国、日本、美国、英国。(2010·湖南·书面表达)
词义辨析 represent，stand for
(1)represent用来表示“代表某人/某个团体(政府等)”、“某种标志代表什么”、“某物表现的是什么”和“把某人(物)描绘成什么”。
(2)stand for往往用来表示“(字母、数字、符号等)代表什么”。
夯实基础
用represent，stand for填空
(1)The red lines represent railways.
(2)What does “VIP” stand for?
Ⅰ.单项填空
1．We arrived home after a tiring journey，
.
A．safely and soundly
B．safely and sound
C．safe and soundly
D．safe and sound
答案 D
解析 safe and sound安然无恙，形容词作伴随状语。
2．I’m sure she’ll cope with the changes very well— she’s very
.
A．easy
B．adaptable
C．different
D．accessible
答案 B
解析 句意为：我相信她会很妥善地应付这些变化——她的适应能力很强。由句意可知只有B项正确。
3．During the conference the speaker tried to
his feelings concerning the urgency of a favorable decision.
A．give
B．pass
C．imply
D．convey
答案 D
解析 句意为：在会上，这个发言者试图表达他关于作出赞成决定的迫切性的看法。convey one’s feelings表达感情，符合题意。
4．We all can go out for a picnic this afternoon—
that the others agree.
A．to assume
B．assumed
C．assume D．assuming
答案 D
解析 assuming that...假定……。类似表达有：providing/supposing that...。
5．Many people thought highly of what he said，but
，I thought he just showed himself off.
A．personally
B．generally
C．especially
D．specially
答案 A
解析 句意为：许多人对他的话评价很高，但就个人而言，我认为他只是在炫耀自己而已。personally 意为“就个人而言”，在句中作状语，修饰整个句子。
6．Little John felt the bag，curious to know what it
.
A．collected
B．contained
C．loaded
D．saved
答案 B
解析 句意为：小约翰摸了一下袋子，想知道里面装着什么东西。collect收集；contain含有，装有；load装载；save节省。由句意知选B项。
7．It is well known that Alexander Graham Bell
the telephone in 1876.
A．invented
B．discovered
C．found
D．developed
答案 A
解析 句意为：众所周知，亚历山大格雷厄姆·贝尔在1876年发明了电话。此处是指创造出以前不存在的事物，而discover指“发现”早已存在的事物；find找到；develop发展，所以选A项。
8．The
owner of the house was the Duke of Wellington，and now it is a museum.
A．official
B．original
C．digital
D．informal
答案 B
解析 此题考查形容词辨析。句意为：这房子原来的主人是惠灵顿公爵，现在它变成了博物馆。official官方的；original原先的；digital数字的；informal不正式的。
Ⅱ.汉译英
1．这里传达的信息很清楚，即：行动比语言有力。(convey)(2017·江苏·书面表达)
The message conveyed here is clear：“Actions speak louder than words.”
2．随着时间的推移，我逐渐适应了学校生活。(adapt)(2011·广东·读写任务)
As time went by，I gradually adapted myself to the school life.
3．当我面对困难时，我通常选择查阅相关的学习材料或网页。(relevant)(2011·安徽·书面表达)
When I am faced with a difficulty，I usually choose to refer to relevant learning materials or Web pages.
1．Happiness doesn’t always go with money.
2．You’re certain that at this point，they have to know you by name.
3．I think it’s very unkind of you to make up stories about him.
4．We can revive our sense of belonging to a larger community of life.
5．They had nowhere to stay so I couldn’t turn them away.
6．My teacher told me to cut out the last part of my article.
7．I only hope that she will never find out the truth.
8．That has opened up all kinds of exciting new possibilities.
1
divide...into把……分成(几个部分)
separate... from把……和……隔开/分开
divide...between/among在……之间分配
divide...by用……除以……
be divided over/about在……上有分歧
图解助记
词义辨析 divide，separate
divide和separate这两个词都有“分开”的意思，但含义和用法不太相同。
(1)divide指的是把人或物分成若干等份，常与介词into连用。
(2)separate指的是将一个整体的物品分开或将两个靠近的物品分开，使其不在一起，常与介词from连用。
夯实基础
用适当的介、副词填空
(1)Take the orange and divide it into quarters.
(2)He divides his time between his house in Ohio and New York.
(3)The money is to be divided up equally among the six grandchildren.
(4)If you divide 21 by 3，you’ll get 7.
(5)A high wall separates our backyard from the playing field.
2
cut down砍倒；削减；压缩
cut back on缩减(生产)；削减(开支)
cut in插嘴
cut up切碎；使痛心
cut short使停止；中断；打断
cut off切断
I must cut out smoking.
我必须戒烟。
夯实基础
用含有cut的短语填空
(1)How can you cut down the risk of cancer?
(2)He still supplied the north when America cut off energy aid.
(3)He had cut up the meat before his mother came back.
Ⅰ.单项填空
1．We
the job
five parts, and each man did one part.
A．divided；into
B．separated；into
C．divided；from
D．separated；from
答案 A
解析 separate, divide都有“分”的含义，一般来说，separate与from连用，指把原来在一起或靠近的东西分隔开来；divide和into连用，指把整体分成若干部分。
2．A kind of electronic equipment，
MP4，is popular with young people now.
A．known as
B．knowing as
C．know as
D．known for
答案 A
解析 known as作为……而著名，由于know和句子的主语有逻辑上的动宾关系，所以用过去分词短语作定语。
3．I had been waiting for you in the freezing wind for 3 hours，but you didn’t
.
A．turn in
B．turn to
C．turn down
D．turn up
答案 D
解析 句意为：我在寒风中一直等了你3个小时，但你却没有来。turn in上交；turn to转向，求助于；turn down关小；turn up出现，到场。
4．When running after a thief，the safe guard
an old man and he said sorry to him at once.
A．looked into
B．burst into
C．turned into
D．bumped into
答案 D
解析 bump into sb.撞上某人，符合句意。look into调查，往里看；burst into突然……；turn into变成，进入。
5．Perhaps I shall
him in the park.
A．come up
B．come over
C．come across
D．come down
答案 C
解析 come across sb.偶然遇到某人。
6．She is a woman who
.You can rely on her.
A．keeps her word
B．breaks her word
C．gets in a word
D．has a word with
答案 A
解析 句意为：她是一个守信的人。你可以依赖她。keep one’s word守信，符合句意。
7．James Cameron，who is famous
great action scenes，directed his latest movie，Avatar.
A．as
B．in
C．on
D．for
答案 D
解析 句意为：以制作大型动作场景而著称的James Cameron导演了他的新片《阿凡达》。be famous for...因……而著名。
8．He had much experience in repairing this kind of machine and his work was
by his boss.
A．highly thought of
B．highly thought
C．a good thought
D．well spoken
答案 A
解析 think/speak highly of意为“对……高度评价”。
Ⅱ.汉译英
1．总之在很短的时间内能够赢得他们的友谊是我一生中最为自豪的事。(in a word)(2017·浙江·书面表达)
In a word，being able to win their friendship in a very short time is the thing that I am proud of most in my life.
2．为了环境更美好，必须马上采取行动，像停止砍树等。(cut down)(2017·江苏·书面表达)
Immediate actions should be taken，like stopping cutting down trees，to better the environment.
Ⅰ.用所给动词的适当形式填空
(1)Lisa has had a big argument with Rick.She says she won’t be going(not go) out with him again.
(2)These jackets are going out of fashion now.People won’t be wearing(not wear) them much longer.
(3)I’ve got an exam tomorrow，so I can’t come out tonight.I will be revising(revise) all evening.
(4)Gemma’s leg is all right now，so she will be playing(play) volleyball with us later.
(5)How much longer will you be using(use) the video recorder?
Ⅱ.用括号内的词的分词形式完成第二个句子，使它和前一句有相似的意义
(1)She lay in bed and worried all night.(worry)
She lay in bed worrying all night.
(2)I didn’t have much money，so I couldn’t buy a ticket.(have)
Not having much money，I couldn’t buy a ticket.
(3)I waited hours，and then I was told to come back the next day.(have)
Having waited hours，I was told to come back the next day.
(4)In view of what’s happened，I think you’ve been proved right.(consider)
Considering what’s happened，I think you’ve been proved right.
1
Theoretically and under ideal conditions，man can live six times longer than their normal period of growth.从理论上讲，在理想条件下，人的寿命能够长于他们正常生命期的六倍。
倍数的表达方式：
(1)倍数＋as...as...
(2)倍数＋比较级＋than
(3)倍数＋the size/height/length/width...＋of...
(4)倍数＋what从句
(5)倍数＋that of...
Beijing is ten times the size of my hometown.
北京有我家乡的十倍大。
In our county now the grain output is six times that of before liberation.
现在我们县的粮食产量相当于解放前的六倍。
夯实基础
同义句改写
The red ruler is two times as long as the yellow one.
(1)The red ruler is three times longer than the yellow one.(用“倍数＋比较级”改写句子)
(2)The red ruler is three times the length of the yellow one.(用“倍数＋the＋n.＋of...”改写句子)
2Another cultural aspect of nonverbal communication is one that you might not think about：space.非言语交际的另一文化方面是你可能想不到的：空间。
(1)one指代的事物与上文出现的事物是同一类的，它等于“a/an＋单数名词”，它只能代替可数名词。one的复数形式是ones。one后面不接of短语作定语。the one ＝ the ＋名词，表示特指。
(2)it用来代替上文出现的事物本身。
(3)that既可指代可数名词，也可指代不可数名词，它等于“the＋名词”。
—Do you need any pen?
—No，thanks.I have got one myself.
——你用我的钢笔吗？
——不，谢谢。我自己有一支。
夯实基础
用one，it，some，them填空
(1)I’d love a yacht.And I’m thinking of buying one.
(2)We haven’t got any water.I ought to have brought some.
(3)I’ve lost my bag.I left it on the train.
(4)This bus is going to Bristol.The one to Cardiff has already left.
(5)I wrote several letters yesterday.I haven’t posted them yet.
Ⅰ.单项填空
1．Our city has experienced
this year as it did last year.
A．twice as much rain
B．rain twice as much
C．as twice much rain
D．twice rain as much
答案 A
解析 twice as much...as“是……的两倍”，为固定短语。
2．When you study the local map，you’ll find this town is
.
A．twice the size of that one
B．twice as a large town as that
C．twice as larger as that one
D．twice as larger a town as that
答案 A
解析 句意为：当你研究当地的地图时，你会发现这座城镇是那个的两倍大。倍数的表达方式：A is＋倍数＋the＋名词＋of B；B项中不定冠词的位置错误；C、D两项中as后应用形容词原级。
3．—
？
—Fine.I’ve
the life there and I’ve made some friends.
A．What are you；got used to
B．How are you doing；got used to
C．Are you getting on well；used to
D．How do you do；used to
答案 B
解析 根据后面的回答，首先排除C项(因为是一般疑问句)；根据句意排除A项；How are you doing？＝How are you getting on？；How do you do是向对方打招呼的用语，也用此回答。故本题选B项。get used to习惯于；used to过去常常。句意为：——你过得怎么样？——很好，我已经习惯那里的生活，并且交了一些朋友。
4．We have various summer camps for your holidays.You can choose
based on your own interests.
A．either
B．each
C．one
D．it
答案 C
解析 句意为：我们有各种各样的暑期夏令营，你可以根据自己的兴趣选择一个。either两者中任何一个；each每一个；one一个，为泛指，泛指同类事物或人中的某一个；it为特指，特指上文提到的某人或者某事物。根据语境可知，此处应是表示泛指的某一个，在此泛指上句提到的“various summer camps”中的某一个。故选C项。
5．It’s reported that 289 more trains were added
passengers on Sunday to meet the needs of those
home for the Spring Festival.
A．to take；returning
B．taking；returning
C．taken；to return
D．take；returned
答案 A
解析 考查非谓语动词的用法。第一空289车次列车被加开用来运输旅客，to take表目的；第二空现在分词短语作定语，是主动关系。
6．The doctor thought
would be good for you to have a holiday.
A．this
B．that
C．one
D．it
答案 D
解析 句意为：医生认为去度假对你有好处。it在句中作形式主语，真正的主语是to have a holiday。this，that，one都不可用作形式主语。
Ⅱ.汉译英
1．他能找到一个更好更有益的实现目标的方法。(不定式作后置定语)(2011·北京·开放作文)
He can find a better and more rewarding way to achieve his goal.
2．事实上，我直到被选为班长时才意识到它的重要性。(not...until)(2011·湖北·短文写作)
In fact/Actually，I didn’t realize its importance until I was chosen monitor.
1．My uncle hasn’t been able to quit smoking，but at least he has
.(2017·陕西，25)
A．cut out
B．cut down
C．cut up
D．cut off
答案 B
解析 句意为：我的叔叔没能戒掉吸烟，但是至少他抽得少了。cut out删除，停止；cut down减少；cut up切碎；cut off切断。
2．
to work overtime that evening，I missed a wonderful film.(2017·重庆，23)
A．Having been asked
B．To ask
C．Having asked
D．To be asked
答案 A
解析 句意为：那天晚上被要求加班，我错过了一场好电影。分析题意可知说话者是被要求加班的，需用被动结构，故可排除表主动的B、C两项；D项to be asked表“将被要求”，不合句意。只有A项表示“已被要求”。
3．The new stadium being built for the next Asian Games will be
the present one.(2011·陕西，17)
A．as three times big as
B．three times as big as
C．as big as three times
D．as big three times as
答案 B
解析 句意为：正在为下一届亚运会建的新体育馆是现在的体育馆的3倍大。本题考查倍数表达法的句型，该题中体现的倍数表达法的句型是：倍数＋as...as...。
4．I wasn’t sure if he was really interested or if he
polite.
(2011·大纲全国Ⅰ，24)
A．was just being
B．will just be
C．had just been
D．would just be
答案 A
解析 句意为：我不确定他是否真感兴趣或者仅仅是出于礼貌。“be＋现在分词”表示临时性，有“有意如此”之意，此处时态为过去时。此题也可用排除法解题。根据时态一致原则，B项will just be可排除。C项had just been为过去完成时，强调动作发生的时间为“过去的过去”；D项would just be为过去将来时，两者均不合题意。
5．When Alice came to，she did not know how long she
there.
(2011·新课标全国，29)
A．had been lying
B．has been lying
C．was lying
D．has lain
答案 A
解析 句意为：当艾丽斯醒来时，她不知道自己在那儿躺了多久。根据时态一致的原则，可排除B、D两项；由she did not know how long...可知应用过去完成进行时，表示持续发生的动作。
6．I’m calling to enquire about the position
in yesterday’s China Daily.(2010·北京，25)
A．advertised
B．to be advertised
C．advertising
D．having advertised
答案 A
解析 句意为：我打电话来咨询一下有关昨天在《中国日报》上刊登广告(招聘)的职位。advertised...是过去分词短语作后置定语，被修饰词position与advertise是被动关系。
7．—Guess what，we’ve got our visas for a shortterm visit to the UK this summer.
—How nice！You
a different culture then.(2010·福建，31)
A．will be experiencing
B．have experienced
C．have been experiencing
D．will have experienced
答案 A
解析 句意为：——猜猜这是什么，我们已经拿到了今年夏天去英国短期旅游的签证。——好极了！那时你们将体验不同的文化。由“刚拿到签证”可知“体验不同文化”是将来的事，需用将来时态，故排除B、C两项；D项为将来完成时态，句意没体现，故A项正确。
8．Mrs.White showed her students some old maps
from the library.
(2010·大纲全国Ⅰ，27)
A．to borrow
B．to be borrowed
C．borrowed
D．borrowing
答案 C
解析 句意为：怀特老师给学生们看了一些从图书馆里借来的旧地图。old maps与borrow之间是逻辑上的被动关系，由句中的动词showed可知此动作已经发生，可排除不定式短语作后置定语，即可排除A、B两项；D项表示主动或进行，也不符合语境；C项表示被动或完成，符合语境。
9．Nowadays some hospitals refer to patients
name，not case number.(2010·江西，34)
A．of
B．as
C．by
D．with
答案 C
解析 句意为：现在一些医院提到病人时用名字而不是病例编号。by name凭名字，符合句意。
10．David threatened
his neighbour to the police if the damages were not paid.(2009·上海，39)
A．to be reported
B．reporting
C．to report
D．having reported
答案 C
解析 threaten to do sth.威胁要做某事，threaten后接动词不定式作宾语，故排除B、D两项；report(报告)这一动作的执行者是David，因此用不定式的主动式。
Ⅰ.单项填空
1．—Michael，now in hospital，says he regrets drinking and smoking.
—Well，no one knows the value of health
he has lost it.
A．since
B．when
C．after
D．until
答案 D
解析 由语境可知，答语句意为：是的，当一个人失去了健康的时候才知道健康的价值。
2．We know little of him
he is a teacher.
A．expect where
B．besides that
C．except for which
D．except that
答案 D
解析 考查介词辨析。依据句意表示的是不包括，排除B项；后面句子意思完整，except后应用that。
3．He，
in a poor family，became one of the greatest writers in the world.
A．as born
B．that is
C．who is
D．although born
答案 D
解析 考查省略句的用法。依据句意前后转折，因此应该是although的让步状语从句的省略。
4．The price of cell phones
recently.
A．has been raised
B．has been risen
C．has been fallen behind
D．has been broken down
答案 A
解析 考查短语同义词在被动句中的用法辨析。只有raise为及物动词。B 为不及物动词；C，D为不及物动词短语，不能用于被动语态。
5. “Long time no see” is
sort of informal.But it is part of
language that Americans use daily.
A．the；a
B．a；the
C．/；the
D a；a
答案 C
解析 考查冠词在短语中的运用。sort of 有点，在某种程度上；a sort of 一种；(a)part of 意思是“一部分”，后一空为特指。句意为：“Long time no see”在某种程度上有一点不正式，但却是美国人日常用语的一部分。
6．You often say that everyone should be equal，and this is
I disagree.
A．why
B．where
C．what
D．how
答案 B
解析 考查表语从句连接词的辨析。依据后面表语句意“我不赞同的”，但disagree为不及物动词，不能选C，应该理解为不赞同的地方。
7．According to statistics，a man is more than twice as likely to die of skin cancer
a woman.(2009·江西，24)
A．than
B．such
C．so
D．as
答案 D
解析 阅读题干可知此题考查倍数句式的同级比较句型，其构成应为：倍数词＋as＋形容词/副词原级＋as＋另一比较对象，所以此空应该填as。
8．If I can help
，I don’t like working late into the night.
A．so
B．that
C．it
D．them
答案 C
解析 if I can help it意为“如果我有办法”，表示有办法做某事，或有办法控制某个局面。所提供的情景I don’t like working late into the night说明如果有办法，不喜欢工作到深夜。so意为“这样”，常用于省略句中，代替上文中的动作。that用于代替上文的内容。
9．The school’s music group will be giving a big show tomorrow night and two
on the weekend.
A．more
B．other
C．else
D．another
答案 A
解析 句意为：明天晚上学校的音乐组要举行一场大型演出，而且周末还有两场。如用B项需用others；else常与不定代词、特殊疑问词连用；two another词序不对；two more意为“另外两场”。故选A项。
10．After living in Xi’an for 40 years，he returned to the small town
he grew up as a child.
A．when
B．where
C．there D．that
答案 B
解析
he grew up as a child是定语从句，修饰the small town，定语从句中主要成分完整，缺少地点状语，且先行词为表示地点的词，故where合适。
Ⅱ.完形填空
A
I am an elevenyearold primary school boy and all of my teachers complained about my unreadable handwriting.So I started taking my laptop to school and using it instead of paper，books and
1
.At first I thought I was in heaven.Writing essays had become so easy.Copying notes took seconds.I don’t have to worry about spelling mistakes and whether I have
2
to carry my textbooks.I was always organized，as I could not leave my books at home anymore as they were saved in my machine，so you would think that it was
3
as a learning tool.
Unfortunately，soon I completely
4
all my ability to write，which is very limiting when still at school.My spelling became worse as I no longer had to think about it due to the computer’s auto corrector.However，this wasn’t what
5
me the most.It was the fact that I was no longer learning what I used to in class.The simple act of writing something down was a way of learning for me，and a laptop could never
6
that.Exams started to become harder as I no longer knew all the words and phrases，because I
7
wasn’t learning it just by typing it down.Also each lesson was at least five minutes shorter because of the time needed to
8
at the beginning of the class and pack away at the end of lessons.Finding and learning notes in your computer is also less
9
.Furthermore，a computer does not have the same
10
of use as paper，as paper doesn’t have to be fully charged.Finally I couldn’t focus on my class knowing I had the whole Internet at my fingertips.So during lessons I would often search the Internet and have
11
.
As you can see，the
12
are far more than the benefits.Therefore I stopped taking my computer to lessons.Now I perform better at school.
1． A.bags
B．articles
C．dictionaries
D．pens
答案 D
解析 根据语境，作者用电脑写文章，因此不用笔了。
2． A.decided
B．forgotten
C．dreamed
D．learned
答案 B
解析 根据后句“I could not leave my books at home”可知，作者不用担心是否忘记带课本了。
3． A.particular
B．decisive
C．beneficial
D．exact
答案 C
解析 该段都是讲述电脑给作者的学习带来的好处，故用beneficial。
4． A.enjoyed
B．dropped
C．ignored
D．lost
答案 D
解析 根据句中“which is very limiting”可知，作者因为长期不写字，所以丧失了写字的能力。
5． A.bothered
B．puzzled
C．shocked
D．interested
答案 A
解析 前文提到的方面都是使作者伤脑筋的事，故用bother。
6．A.mix
B．change
C．replace
D．avoid
答案 C
解析 作者以前记笔记是一种学习，而自从用电脑后不会学习了，故电脑无法取代传统的记笔记的方法。
7． A.simply
B．carelessly
C．finally D．slowly
答案 A
解析 根据语境可知，作者只是敲字存进电脑了，根本没有学会，故用simply。
8． A.get across
B．start up
C．give out
D．round up
答案 B
解析 根据句中“at least five minutes shorter”和“pack away”可以推知是课前启动电脑。
9．A.useful
B．valuable
C．effective
D．careful
答案 C
解析 根据前文内容可知，课前课后要开机关机，不是很方便，所以在电脑上找笔记和学习的效率也不高了。
10．A.importance
B．convenience
C．difference
D．guidance
答案 B
解析 根据后半句内容可知，用电脑也是不太方便的。
11．A.fun
B．luck
C．success
D．advantage
答案 A
解析 根据句中“search the Internet”和常识可推断，作者上网时玩得很开心。
12．A.excitements
B．negatives
C．dangers
D．terms
答案 B
解析 根据上文内容可知，用电脑做笔记的缺点比优点多。
B
Could autism(孤独症) be caused by low levels of vitamin D？That’s a new idea，started from the large number of autism cases among children of Somali
13
living in Sweden and Minnesota.
The mothers and young children are exposed to much less sunshine in their
14
homes than they were back in Somalia.Lighterskinned people make
15
vitamin D than darkskinned people do when exposed to sunshine，so it’s easy to
16
that the Somalis are getting
17
little vitamin D．And because most of the Somali immigrants are Muslim，they cover themselves when going outside，reducing their sun exposure even more.But there’s as yet no clear
18
with autism.
Scientists are just starting to research whether vitamin D could play a role in autism.Their work includes
19
pregnant women to find out what their blood levels of vitamin D are.
Because many moms are Ddeficient(缺乏的) themselves，the American Academy of Pediatrics(小儿科) recently raised the daily vitamin D
20
for babies and children from 200 IU to 400 IU and for adults from 800 IU to 1,000 IU.
13．A.population
B．citizens
C．families
D．immigrants
答案 D
解析 空格处前面说的是“children of Somali”(索马里的儿童)，下文提及的是“living in Sweden and Minnesota”(生活在瑞典和美国的明尼苏达州)，由此可知他们是移民(immigrant)。故答案为D项。
14．A.poor
B．new
C．temporary
D．rented
答案 B
解析 根据第一段内容可知，他们是移民，因此这里是他们的新(new)家。故答案为B项。
15．A.enough
B．little
C．less
D．more
答案 D
解析 句意为：当暴露于阳光之下，肤色较浅的人种比黑色肤质的人种在体内会产生更多的维生素D。根据下文语意可知，应用more一词。故答案为D项。
16．A.imagine
B．suggest
C．forecast
D．inform
答案 A
解析 imagine想象；suggest建议；forecast预测，预报；inform通知，告诉。根据句意可知，答案应选A项。
17．A.closely
B．surprisingly
C．relatively
D．dangerously
答案 C
解析 closely紧密地，接近地；surprisingly令人惊讶地；relatively相对地；dangerously危险地。根据句意可知，对于索马里移民来说，他们得到的维生素D相对于肤色较浅的人来说较少，故答案为C项。
18．A.definition
B．connection
C．result
D．answer
答案 B
解析 根据上文内容可知，此处讲述的“阳光”与“孤独症”之间的“联系(connection)”。故答案为B项。
19．A.asking
B．curing
C．testing
D．Xraying
答案 C
解析 句意为：科学家们正在着手研究维生素D是否在孤独症中有作用。他们的工作包括对孕妇进行检测，以发现其血液中维生素D的含量。ask问，询问；cure治疗，治愈；test测试，检测；Xray拍X光片。故答案为C项。
20．A.order
B．recommendation
C．defence
D．comment
答案 B
解析 句意为：由于很多孕妇本身缺乏维生素D，(因此)美国儿童学会最近提出了维生素D摄入的推荐量。order命令；recommendation推荐；defence防御；comment评论。根据下文中的“for babies and children from 200 IU to 400 IU and for adults from 800 IU to 1,000 IU”可知，此处指的是摄入维生素D的推荐量，故答案为B项。
Ⅲ.阅读理解
Can feeling of nostalgia(怀旧) be good for you？Or is it unhealthy to have a strong love for the past?
For years，medical experts have studied nostalgia and the reasons for it.Many experts warn that too much nostalgia is harmful.They say linger(徘徊) in the past shows that a person is unhappy with his present life.These feelings keep the person from living his life to its fullest.
Dr.Louise Kaplan has written several books about nostalgia.She says these feelings often begin when a young person is between 13 and 19 years old.
“This is the time when you must face the loss of your childhood，” Kaplan says.“You see your new life is easily destroyed.But you think romantically about a golden past.You remember your childhood as a time when life was perfect.”
These feelings continue as a person gets older，Kaplan adds.She says many grown persons have a hard time keeping up with changes in the modern world，so they think back to their younger years.At that time the world seemed simple and more harmless.
Kaplan says these feelings are not always actually existing.The good old days weren’t always good.However，she says nostalgia can be helpful，if used properly.
“Feelings of nostalgia can cause you to remember a time when you had high hopes and dreams，” Kaplan says.“It might give you the strong wish to catch those dreams today，in your present life.” She adds that nostalgia can prevent you from “cutting yourself off from your aim”．
“At its best，” Kaplan says，“nostalgia has the ideas for the future.”
1．According to the passage，feelings of nostalgia
.
A．can cause you to think of your past which was full of hopes and dreams
B．can make you succeed in life
C．fill one with hopes for the future
D．bring about a love for the past and a hope for the future
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。根据最后一段“Feelings of nostalgia can cause you to remember a time when you had high hopes and dreams...”可知答案为A项。
2．The reason for grown persons to think back to their past is that
.
A．they can hardly keep up with changes in today’s world
B．times are hard，so they can not keep up with changes
C．many grown persons have little time keeping up with changes in the modern world
D．they lived in the past，of which they are always proud
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。根据第五段“She says many grown persons have a hard time keeping up with changes in the modern world，so they think back to their younger years.”可知成年人怀旧是因为很难跟上现代世界的改变。
3．Which of the following is not talked about in the passage?
A．Too much nostalgia is harmful.
B．Nostalgia shows that a person is not satisfied with his present life.
C．Only women have feelings of nostalgia.
D．A little nostalgia can make a person’s life more colorful.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段“Many experts warn that too much nostalgia is harmful.”可知A项正确；根据第二段“They say linger(徘徊) in the past shows that a person is unhappy with his present life.”可知B项正确；根据文章倒数第二段可知适当的怀旧会使人有希望去实现那些梦想，说明会使人的生活更有色彩；C项文中未提及。
4．We may also use
as the topic of the passage.
A．Thoughts on Nostalgia
B．The Reasons for Nostalgia
C．Why Do They Think Back to the Past
D．Nostalgia，Good or Bad
答案 D
解析 标题归纳题。本文主要讲述了怀旧到底是好还是坏，故选D项。